Türkiye’de Sağlık Harcamaları, Sağlık Harcamalarının Nisbi Fiyatı ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

In this study, it is tried to investigate the relationship between health expenditures, relative price of health expenditures and economic growth by using cointegration analysis and vector error correction model. The data set covers the period from January, 2004 to March, 2013. The empirical results of the study show that there is a significant relationship among health expenditures, relative price of central government budget health expenditures and economic growth in the long run, while there is no relationship in the short run.

Keywords

• Health Expenditures, Economic Growth, Cointegration, Vector Error Correction Model

Türkiye’de Sağlık Harcamaları, Sağlık Harcamalarının Nisbi Fiyatı ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de sağlık harcamaları, sağlık harcamalarının nispi fiyatı ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki eşbütünleşme analizi ve vektör hata düzeltme modeli ile araştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Veri seti Ocak 2004-Mart 2013 periyodunu kapsamaktadır. Çalışmanın ampirik bulgularına göre, uzun dönemde sağlık harcamaları, bu harcamaların nispi fiyatı ve ekonomik büyüme değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktayken, kısa dönemde anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir.

Keywords

• Sağlık Harcamaları, Ekonomik Büyüme, Eşbütünleşme, Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli

References

1. Akalın, G., (2006), Kamu Ekonomisi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, Sıhhiye Ankara.
2. Akram, N., (2009), “Short Run and Long Run Dynamics of Impact of Health Status on Economic Growth Evidence From Pakistan”, Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA) Papers, No. 15454, ss. 1– 2.
3. Bakış, O., Jobert, T., ve Tuncer, R., (2008), “Kamu Harcamaları ve Büyüme, Zaman Serileri Analizi”. Ed. Kamu Harcamalarının Bileşiminin Büyüme ve Refah Etkileri, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Araştırmalar Merkezi, ss 8–105.
4. Baltagi, B. H., ve Moscone, F., (2010), “Health Care Expenditure and Income in the OECD Reconsidered: Evidence from Panel Data”, IZA Discussion Paper Series No. 4851.
5. Beraldo, S., Montolio, D., ve Turati, G., (2009), “Healthy, Educated and Wealthy: A Primer on the Impact of Public and Private Welfare Expenditures on Economic Growth”, The Journal of Socio–Economics 38, ss. 946–956.
6. Bloom, D.E., ve Canning, D., (2000), “The Health and Wealth of Nations”, Science’s Compass, Policy Forum: Public Health, Vol. 287, ss. 1207–1209.
7. Çetin, M., ve Ecevit, E., (2010), “Sağlık Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Panel Regresyon Analizi”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 11 (2), ss. 166-182.
8. Ding, H., (2012), “Economic Growth and Welfare State: A Debate of Econometrics”, Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA) Papers, No. 39747, ss. 1–32.

9. Dormont, B., Martins, J.O., Pelgrin, F., ve Suhrcke M., (2008), “Health Expenditures, Longevityand Growth”, IX European Conference of the Fondazione Rodolfo Debenedetti on “Health, Longevity and Productivity” Limone sul Garda , 26 May, 2007.
10. Elmi, M.Z., ve Sadeghi, S., (2012), “Health Care Expenditures and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Panel Co-Integration and Causality”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 12 (1): 88-91, Eryiğit, K.Y., Eryiğit Bali, S., ve Selen, U., (2012), “The Long-Run Linkages Between Education, Health and Defence Expenditures and Economic Growth: Evidence From Turkey”, Defence and Peace Economics, Vol 23(6), ss.559-574.
11. Foon Tang, C., (2011), “Multivariate Granger Causality and the Dynamic Relationship Between Health Care Spanding, Income and Relative Price of Health Care in Malaysia”, Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics 52, ss. 199–214.
12. Gerdtham, U., Sogaard, J., Andersson, F., ve Jönsson, B., (1992), “An Econometric Analysis of Health Care Expenditure: A Cross-section Study of the OECD Countries,” Journal of Health Economics 11(1), ss. 63–84.
13. Gerdtham, U., ve Jönsson, B., (1991), “Price and Quantity in International Comparisons of Health Care Expenditure ,” Applied Economics, Vol 23. Issue: 9.
14. Grossman, M. (1972), “On the Concept of Health Capital and the Demand for Health,” Journal of Political Economy 80(2), ss. 223–255.
15. Hansen, P., ve King, A., (1996), “The Determinants of Health Care Expenditure: A Cointegration Approach,” Journal of Health Economics 15(1), ss. 127–137
16. Hitiris, T., ve Posnett, J.,(1992), “The Determinants and Effects of Health Expenditure in Developed Countries”, Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 11, Issue 2, ss. 173–181.
17. Johansen, S. (1988), “Statistical Analysis of Cointegrating Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Vol. 12, 231–254.
18. Kar, M., ve Ağır, H. (2002), “Türkiye’de Beşeri Sermaye Ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Nedensellik Testi,” www.bilgiyönetimi.org ss.181.191.
19. Kar, M., ve Taban, S. (2003), “Kamu Harcama Çeşitlerinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkileri, Ankara Üniversitesi S.B.F. Dergisi, 58 (3).
20. Karagöz, K., ve Tetik, N., (2009), “Kamu Sağlık Harcamalarını Belirleyen Faktörler: Ekonometrik Bir Değerlendirme” EconAnadolu 2009: Anadolu Uluslararası İktisat Kongresi, 17-19 Haziran 2009, Eskişehir, Türkiye.
21. Kuhn, M.,ve Prettner, K., (2012), “Growth and Welfare Effects of Health Care in Knowledge Based Economies”, Vienna Institute of Demography Working Papers, No: 6/2012, ss. 2–47.
22. McCoskey, S. K., ve Selden, T. M. (1998), “Health Care Expenditures and GDP: Panel Data Unit Root Test Results”, Journal of Health Economics 17, ss. 369–376.
23. Mehrara, M., ve Musai, M., (2011), “Granger Causality Between Health and Economic Growth in Oil Exporting Countries”, Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, Vol. 1, Issues. 8., ss. 103–108.
24. Milne, R., ve Molana, H. (1991), “On the Effect of Income and Relative Price on Demand for Health Care: EC Evidence,” Applied Economics 23(7), ss. 1221–1226
25. Mushkin, S.J., (1962), “Health as an Investment”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 70(5), ss. 129–157. Newhouse, J.P., (1977), “Medical Care Expenditure: A Cross-National Survey”, Journal of Human Resources, 12, ss. 115–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/145602
26. Okunade, A.A., ve Karakuş, M.C., (2001), “Unit Root and Cointegration Tests: Time Series versus Panel Estimates for International Health Expenditure Models,” Applied Economics 33(9), ss. 1131– 11
27. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2013), “OECD Health Data 2013”, http://stats.oecd.org, Öksüzler, O., ve Turhan, A., (2005), “Does Better Health Promote Economic Growth in Turkey”, International Journal of Business, Management and Economics, 1(4), ss.5-15.
28. Taban, S. (2004), “Türkiye’de Sağlık ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Nedensellik Testi”, III. Ulusal Bilgi Yönetim Kongresi, ss.3–12.
29. Tarı, R., (2010), Ekonometri, Umuttepe Yayıncılık, İzmit-Kocaeli.
30. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, TÜİK, (2013), “Sağlık Harcama İstatistikleri 2009–2012”, Sayı: 15871, http://www.tuik.gov.tr
31. Wang, K., (2011), “Health Care Expenditure and Economic Growth: Quantile Panel–Type Analysis”, Economic Modelling 28, ss. 1536–1549.