TÜRKİYE’DE DEMOKRASİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2017, , 705 - 723, 27.12.2017

Emrah Koçak , Nisfet Uzay

https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.305737

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Bu
çalışmanın amacı 1975-2014 dönemi Türkiye’de demokrasinin ekonomik büyüme
üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada birim kök testlerinden sonra,
eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin test edilmesinde Johansen (1988; 1991) ve Maki (2012)
yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Uzun dönem katsayıları ise Stock ve Watson (1993)
yöntemi ile tahmin edilmiştir. Eşbütünleşme test sonuçları; işgücü, sermaye, ticaret,
demokrasi ve ekonomik büyüme arasında uzun dönemli bir denge ilişkisinin
varlığını işaret etmektedir. Uzun dönem katsayı tahmin sonuçları ise, demokrasinin
ekonomik büyüme üzerinde pozitif ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip
olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, demokrasi düzeyindeki gelişmelerin
ekonomik büyüme sürecinde önemli bir faktör olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Türkiye, demokrasi, ekonomik büyüme, eşbütünleşme

References

• Acaravcı, A., Erdoğan, S. (2015). Türkiye’de Demokrasi, Reel gelir ve Dışa Açıklık Arasındaki Uzun Dönemli ve Nedensellik İlişkileri. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12, 3, 358-370. Acemoğlu, D., Johnson, S. ve Robinson, J. A. (2001). Reversal of fortune: Geography and institutions in the making of the modern world income distribution (No. w8460). National bureau of economic research. Acemoğlu, D., Robinson, J. ve Verdier, T. A. (2004). Alfred Marshall Lecture: Kleptocracy and Divide-and-Rule: A Model of Personal Rule. Journal of the European Economic Association, 2(2-3), 162-192. Acemoğlu, D., Robinson, J. (2012). Ulusların Düşüşü- Güç, Zenginlik ve Yoksulluğun Kökenleri (Çeviren: Faruk Rasim Velioğlu). Doğan Kitap. İstanbul. Acemoğlu, D., Naidu, S., Restrepo, P., Robinson, J. A. (2014). Democracy does cause growth (No. w20004). National Bureau of Economic Research. Adejumobi, S. (2000). Between Democracy and Development in Africa: What are the missing links? World Bank Conference on Development Thinking in the Next Millennium, Paris 26-28 June 2000. Arif, B. W., Kayani, F. N., Kayani, M. U. N. (2012). The Interrelationship between Democracy and Economic Growth: Theories and Empirics. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 32(1), 199-208. Arslan, Ü., Doğan, C. (2004). Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(1), 1-13. Artan, S., Hayaloğlu, P. (2014). Kurumsal Yapı ve İktisadi Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Sosyoekonomi, 2, 347-366. Ay, A., Kizilkaya, O., Akar, T. (2016). Gelismekte Olan Ülkelerde Yolsuzluk ve Demokrasi'nin DYY Üzerindeki Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Inceleme, Business and Economics Research Journal, 7(3), 73-88. Barro, R. J. (1996). Democracy and growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(1), 1-27. Baum, M. A., Lake, D. A. (2003). The political economy of growth: democracy and human capital. American Journal of Political Science, 47(2), 333-347. Beşkaya, A., Manan, Ö. (2012). Ekonomik özgürlükler ve demokrasi ile ekonomik performans arasındaki ilişkinin zaman serileri ile analizi: Türkiye örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 5.10, 47-76. Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S. R., Ozturk, I.,Bhattacharya, S. (2016). The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries. Applied Energy, 162, 733-741. Chirot, D. (1977). Social Change in the 20th-Century. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Coase, R. H. (1960). Problem of Social Cost. Journal of Law and Economics, 3, 1-44. Cohen, Y., (1985), “The impact of bureaucratic-authoritarian rule on economic growth.” Comparative Political Studies, 18(1), 123-136. Demirkan, E., Kaya, M. V. (2012). An Analysis of Relation Between Economic Growth and Democratization: An Empiric Application (A Sample of Turkey). Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19 (2), 123-132. Dickey, D. A., Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1057-1072. Doğan, A. (2005). Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Gelişme. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25, 1-19. Doucouliagos, H., Ulubaşoğlu, M. A. (2008). Democracy and economic growth: a meta‐analysis. American Journal of Political Science, 52(1), 61-83. Drury, A. C., Krieckhaus, J., Lusztig, M. (2006). Corruption, democracy, and economic growth. International Political Science Review, 27(2), 121-136. Engle, R. F., Granger, C.W.J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica: journal of the Econometric Society, 251-276. Esteve, V., Requena, F. (2006). A cointegration analysis of car advertising and sales data in the , presence of structural change. International Journal of the Economics of Business 13, 111-128. Franke, G. R., Nadler, S. S. (2008). Culture, economic development, and national ethical attitudes. Journal of Business Research, 61(3), 254-264. Fidrmuc, J. (2001). Economic Reform, Democracy and Growth during Post-Communist Transition (No. 2759). CEPR Discussion Papers. Gerring, J., Bond, P., Barndt, W. T., Moreno, C. (2005). Democracy and economic growth: A historical perspective. World Politics, 57(03), 323-364. Goodell, G., Powelson, J. P. (1982). The Democratic prerequisites of development. Freedom House, New York Pg, 167-76. Goodin, R. E. (1979) Development-Rights Trade-off: Some Unwarranted Economic and Political Assumptions. The Universal Human Rights, 1, 31-42. Gould, D. M., Gruben, W. C. (1996). The role of intellectual property rights in economic growth. Journal of Development Economics, 48(2), 323-350. Gounder, R. (2002). Political and economic freedom, fiscal policy, and growth nexus: some empirical results for Fiji. Contemporary Economic Policy, 20(3), 234-245. Huntington, S. P. (2006). Political order in changing societies. Yale University Press. House, F. (2014). Freedom in the World 2014: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. Rowman ve Littlefield. Jaunky, V. C. (2013). Democracy and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: a panel data approach. Empirical Economics, 45(2), 987-1008. Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of economic dynamics and control, 12, 2, 231-254. Johansen, S. (1991). Estimation and hypothesis testing of cointegration vectors in Gaussian vector autoregressive models. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1551-1580. Johansen, S., Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration—with applications to the demand for money." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics 52.2: 169-210. Ken Farr, W., Lord, R. A., Wolfenbarger, J. L. (1998). Economic freedom, political freedom, and economic well-being: a causality analysis. Cato Journal, 18 (2), 247. Koçak, E. (2016). Demokrasi, Ekonomik Özgürlükler ve Büyüme: Teori ve Ampirik Uygulama. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Kayseri. Kuçuradi, İ. (1998). Yirmibirinci yüzyılın eşiğinde demokrasi kavramı ve sorunları. Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 15 (3), 21-27. Kurzman, C., Werum, R., Burkhart, R. E. (2002). Democracy’s effect on economic growth: a pooled time-series analysis, 1951–1980. Studies in Comparative International Development, 37(1), 3-33. Leblang, D. A. (1997). Political democracy and economic growth: pooled cross-sectional and time-series evidence. British Journal of Political Science, 27(03), 453-472. Lipset, S. M. (1959). Some social requisites of democracy: Economic development and political legitimacy. American Political Science Review, 53(01), 69-105. Mahmood, K., Azid, T., Siddiqui, M. M. (2010). Democracy and Economic Growth in Pakistan. Available at SSRN 1675732. Maki, D. (2012). Tests for cointegration allowing for an unknown number of breaks. Economic Modelling, 29.5, 2011-2015. Narayan, P. K., Smyth, R. (2006). Democracy and economic growth in China: evidence from cointegration and causality testing. Review of Applied Economics, 2(1), 81-98. Nelson, M. A., Singh, R. D. (1998). Democracy, economic freedom, fiscal policy, and growth in LDCs: a fresh look. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 46(4), 677-696. North, D. C., Thomas, R. P. (1973). The rise of the western world: A new economic history. Cambridge University Press. North, D. (2002). Kurumlar, kurumsal değişim ve ekonomik performans (Çeviren Gül Çağalı Güven). İstanbul. Sabancı Üniversitesi. Pamuk, Ş. (2013). Economic growth and institutional change in Turkey before 1980. Nova Science Publishers. Perotti, R. (1996). Growth, income distribution, and democracy: what the data say. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(2), 149-187. Perron, P., Phillips, P. (1987). Does GNP have a unit root?: A re-evaluation. Economics Letters, 23.2: 139-145. Przeworski, A., Limongi, F. (1997). Development and democracy. coautor en Alex Hadenius (comps.), Democracy's Victory and Crisis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Rodrik, D. (2009). Tek ekonomi çok reçete: küreselleşme, kurumlar ve ekonomik büyüme (Çeviren Neşenur Domaniç). Eflatun Yayınevi. Sakyi, D.,Adams, S., (2012). Democracy, Government Spending and Economic Growth: The Case of Ghana 1960–2008. The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 6(3), 361-383. Sirowy, L., Inkeles, A. (1990). The effects of democracy on economic growth and inequality: A review. Studies in Comparative International Development, 25(1), 126-157. Stock, J. H., Watson, M.W. (1993). A simple estimator of cointegrating vectors in higher order integrated systems. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society: 783-820. Tavares, J., Wacziarg, R. (2001). How democracy affects growth. European Economic Review, 45(8), 1341-1378. Vega-Gordillo, M., Alvarez-Arce, J. L. (2003). Economic growth and freedom: a causality study. Cato Journal, 23 (2), 199-215. Williamson, O. E. (1985). The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting” University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship. Williamson, C. R., Mathers, R. L. (2011). Economic freedom, culture, and growth. Public Choice, 148(3-4), 313-335. Yay, G. G. (2002). İktisadi Gelişme ve Demokrasi İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Sınama. “İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 52(1), 1-27.