Systematic Literature Review on Born Global Firms

Abstract

Born global firms enter the global marketplace soon after their inception, in many cases, by passing the domestic market. Sometimes these firms grow largely in their home markets before they rapidly reach high percentages of international revenues. Today many research worldwide investigates knowledge about these early internalizing firms. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review on born globals. Our methodology is emphasizing some of the remarkable studies and reviewing some recent literature on born globals. The findings show us many unique capabilities of born globals. 

Keywords

• Born Global,Internalization,Systematic Literature Review

Global Doğan Firmalar Üzerine Sistematik Literatür İncelemesi

Abstract

Global doğan işletmeler, kuruluşlarından kısa bir süre sonra yerel pazarları aşarak uluslararası pazarlara açılmaktadır. Çoğu zaman bu firmalar, uluslararası gelirlerini artırmadan önce, kendi yerel pazarlarında önemli büyüklüklere ulaşabilmektedir. Günümüzde bu erken uluslararasılaşan firmalar hakkında çok sayıda çalışma yapılmakta ve bu firmalarla ilgili çeşitli veriler ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında global doğan şirketlerle ilgili sistematik bir literatür taramasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, global doğan şirketlerle ilgili olarak daha önceden yapılmış çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler sistematik olarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda; sadece global doğan işletmelere özgü çeşitli özellikler tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Global Doğan,İçselleştirme,Sistematik Literatür İncelemesi

References

1. Andersson, S., & Wictor, I. (2003). Innovative internationalization in new firms: Born globals-the Swedish case. Journal of International Entrepreneurship. 1(3), 249–276. doi:1080/10978520903238388
2. Andreea N. K., Danis, W. M., & Cavusgil, S. T. (2012). International entrepreneurship research in emerging economies: A critical review and research agenda. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(2), 266-290. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.09.004
3. Cannone, G., Costantino, G., Pisoni, A., & Onetti, A. (2012). Drivers of International development for born global companies founded by Italian entrepreneurs. Paper submitted to the AIB 2012-Annual Meeting, to be held in Washington, DC, June 30-July 3, 2012.
4. Cavusgil, S. T. (1994). A quiet revolution in Australian exporters. Marketing News. 28(11), 18-21. doi: 9410311422
5. Chetty, S., & Campbell-Hunt, C. (2004). A strategic approach to internationalization: A traditional versus a “born-global” approach. Journal of International Marketing. 12(1), 57–81. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.12.1.57.25651
6. Crick, D. (2009). The internationalisation of born global and international new venture SMEs, International Marketing Review. 26(4/5), 453–476. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330910971986
7. Deligonul, Z. S.; Hult, G. T. M., & Cavusgil, S. T. (2008). Entrepreneuring as a puzzle: An attempt to its explanation with truncation of subjective probability distribution of prospects. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2(2), 155-167. doi: 10.1002/sej.44
8. Dib, L. A., Rocha, A. A., & Silva, J. F. (2010). The internationalization process of Brazilian software firms and the born global phenomenon: Examining firm, network, and entrepreneur variables. Journal of International Entrepreneurship. 8(3), 233–253. doi: 10.1007/s10843-010-0044-z

9. Etemad, H. (2004). Internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises: A grounded theoretical framework and an overview. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences. 21(1), 1–21. doi: 10.1111/j.1936-4490.2004.tb00319.x
10. Evangelista, F. (2005). Qualitative insights into the international new venture creation process. Journal of International Entrepreneur, 3(3),179–198. doi: 10.1007/s10843-005-4204-5
11. Falay, Z., Salimaki, M., Ainoma, A., & Gabrielsson, M. (2007). Design-intensive born globals: A multiple case study of marketing management, Journal of Marketing Management. 23(9/10): 877-899. doi:10.1362/026725707X250377
12. Fills, I. (2001). Small firm internationalization: An investigative survey and future research directions. Journal of management history. 39(9), 767-783. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740110408683
13. Freeman S., Edwards, R., & Schrader, B. (2006). How smaller born-global firms use networks and alliances to overcome constraints to rapid internationalization. Journal of International Marketing. 14(3), 33–63. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.14.3.33
14. Fuerst, S. (2010). Global marketing strategy: The case of a born global software firm in Colombia. Revista Ciencias Estrategicas. 18(24), 271-286.
15. Gabrielsson, M. (2005). Branding strategies of born globals. Journal of International Entrepreneurship. 3(3), 199-222. doi: 10.1007/s10843-005-0401-5
16. Gabrielsson, M., & Kirpalani, V. (2004). Born globals: How to reach new business space rapidly. International Business Review. 13(5), 555–571. doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2004.03.005
17. Gabrielsson, M., Manek, Kirpalani, V. H., Dimitratosd, P., Solbergf, C. A., & Antonella, Z. (2008). Born globals: Propositions to help advance the theory. International Business Review. 17(4), 385-401. doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2008.02.015
18. Gabrielsson, M., Sasi, V., & Darling, J. (2004). Finance strategies of rapidly growing Finnish SMEs: Born internationals and born globals. European Business Review. 16(6), 590–604. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09555340410565413
19. Gleason, K., & Wiggenhorn, J. (2007). Born globals, the choice of globalization strategy, and the market's perception of performance. Journal of World Business. 42(3), 322-335. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2007.04.007
20. Halldin, T. (2010). Survival of born global firms - do employee characteristics matter for survival? Center of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Electronic Working Paper Series. Paper No. 271.
21. Harveston, P., Kedia, B., & Davis, P. (2000). Internationalization of born global and gradual globalizing firms: The impact of the manager. Advances in Competitiveness Research. 8(1), 92–99.
22. Hashai, N. (2011a). Sequencing the expansion of geographic scope and foreign operations by “born global” firms. Journal of International Business Studies. 42(1/21), 995–1015. doi:10.1057/jibs.2011.31
23. Hashai, N. (2011b). Global service multinationals from a small open economy – The case of Israeli high-tech service providers, in ravi ramamurti, The Future of Foreign Direct Investment and theMultinational Enterprise (Research in Global Strategic Management. (15), 335-353. doi: 10.1108/S1064-4857(2011)0000015019
24. Hordes, M., Clancy, J., & Baddaley, J. (1995). A primer for global start ups. The Academy of Management Executive. 9(2),7–11. doi: 10.5465/AME.1995.9506273262
25. Jantunen, A., Nummela, N., Puumalainen, K., & Saarenketo, S. (2008). Strategic orientations of born globals-Do they really matter? Journal of World Business. 43(2), 158-170. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2007.11.015
26. Jody, W., & Mika, G. (2011). The early development of born global firms in the software industry. International Journal of Technology Transfer & Commercialisation. 10(3/4), 332-353. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJTTC.2011.040894
27. Kalinic, I., & Forza, C. (2012). Rapid internationalization of traditional SMEs: Between gradualist models and born globals. International Business Review. 21(4), 694-707. doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.08.002 doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.08.002
28. Karra, N., Phillips, N., & Tracey, P. (2008). Building the born global firm: Developing entrepreneurial capabilities for International new venture success. Long Range Planning. 41(4), 440-458. doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2008.05.002
29. Knight, G. (1997). Emerging paradigm for international marketing: the born global firm. Department of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, Michigan State University, Michigan (Unpublished PhD Dissertation).
30. Knight, G. A., & Cavusgil, S. T. (2004). Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born-global firm. Journal of International Business Studies. 35(2), 124-141. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400071
31. Knight, G. A., & S. T. Cavusgil, (1996). The born global firm: A challenge to traditional internationalization theory. Advances in International Marketing, (8), 11-26. doi:10.1016/S0969-5931(97)00032-2
32. Knight, G., Madsen, T., & Servais, P. (2004). An inquiry into born-global firms in Europe and the USA. International Marketing Review. 21(6), 645–665. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330410568060
33. Kudina, A., Yip, G., & Barkema, H. (2008). Born global. Business Strategy Review. 19(4), 38-44. doi: 10.1002/9781444316568.wiem06052
34. Kuivalainen, O., Sundquvist, S., & Servais, P. (2007). Firms’ degree of born-globalness, international entrepreneurial orientation and export performance. Journal of World Business. 42(3), 253-267. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2007.04.010
35. Kundu, S., & Renko, M. (2005). Explaining export performance: A comparative study of international new ventures in Finnish and Indian software industry. In: Katz J, Shepherd D (eds) International Entrepreneurship. Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth 8:43–84 doi: 978-1-84950-356-3
36. Lewin, A.Y. & Massini, S. (2003). Knowledge creation and organizational capabilities of innovating and imitating firms', in H. T soukas and N. Mylonopoulos (eds.) Organizations as Knowledge Systems, Palgrave: Basingstoke.
37. Lopez, L., Kundu, S. K., & Ciravegna, L. (2009). Born global or born regional? Evidence from an exploratory study in the Costa Rican software industry. Journal of International Business Studies. 40(7), 1228-1238. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2008.69
38. Luoastarinen, R. & Gabrielson, M. (2004). Finnish Perspectives of International Entrepreneurship. Handbook of Research on International Entrepreneurship., p. 383-403. doi: 10.4337/9781845420512.00031
39. Madsen, T. K., & Servais, P. (1997). The internationalization of born globals: An evolutionary process? International Business Review. 6(6), 561-583. doi:10.1016/S0969-5931(97)00032-2
40. Maria, R., Andreu, B., & Diego, M. (2011). Role of international precocity in born global firms. International Journal of Technology Transfer & Commercialisation. 10(3/4), 247 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJTTC.2011.04089
41. Massini S., Lewin A. Y. & Greve, H. R. (2003). Comparisons groups and the adaptation patterns of organizational routines. Presented at the I. IRASEAT conference “Knowledge and economic and social change: New challenges to innovation studies”, Manchester, 7-9 April 2003.
42. McDougall, P., & Oviatt, B. (1994). Explaining the formation of international new ventures: The limits of theories from international business research. Journal of Business Venturing. 9(6), 469–487. doi:10.1016/0883-9026(94)90017-5
43. McDougall, P., & Oviatt, B. (1996). New venture internationalization, strategic change, and performance: a follow-up study. Journal of Business Venturing. 11(1), 23-40. doi:10.1016/0883-9026(95)00081-X
44. McDougall, P., & Oviatt, B. (2003). Some fundamental issues in international entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice. July, (1-2).
45. McKinsey & Co. (1993). Emerging Exporters. Australia's High Value-Added Manufacturing Exporters, Melbourne: McKinsey & Company and the Australian Manufacturing Council.
46. Mets, T., & Kelli, A. (2011). Are hi-tech “born global-s” really born global? Organizacijų Vadyba: Sisteminiai, Tyrima. 59 /2011.
47. Moen, O. (2002). The born globals: A new generation of small European exporters. International Marketing Review. 19(2), 156-175. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330210425015
48. Moen, O., & Servais, P. (2002). Born global or gradual global? Examining the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of International Marketing. 10(3), 49–72.
49. Moen, O., Sorbein, R., & Erikson, T. (2008). Born global firms and informational investors: Examining investor characteristics. Journal of Small Business Management. 46(4), 536-549.
50. Mort, G. S., Weerawardena, J., & Peter L. (2012). Advancing entrepreneurial marketing: Evidence from born global firms, European Journal of Marketing. 46(3/4), 542-561. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090561211202602
51. Mort, G., & Weerawardena, J. (2006). Networking capability and international entrepreneurship: How networks function in Australian born global firms. International Marketing Review. 23(5),549–572. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330610703445
52. Oh, I. (2011). Leveraging corporate sucess via R&D and niche market strategies: The case of Shin Ramyeon born global in Korea. International Journal of Technology management & Sustainable Development. 2(10),107-123. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tmsd.10.2.107_1
53. Okoli, C., & Schabram, K. (2010). A Guide to Conducting a Systematic Literature Review of Information Systems Research. (10:26). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1954824
54. Oviatt, B., & McDougall, P. (1994). Toward a theory of international new ventures. Journal of International Business Studies. 25(1), 45-64.
55. Oviatt, B., & McDougall, P. (1995). Global start-ups: Entrepreneurs on a worldwide stage. Acad Manage Exec. 9(2), 30-43.
56. Pezderka, N., Sinkovics, R., & Jean, R. B. (2012). Do born global SMEs reap more benefits from ICT use than other internationalizing small firms? in Handbook of research on born globals, Mika Gabrielsson and V.H. Manek Kirpalani (Eds.). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 185-213.
57. Ramunas, C., Monika, K., & Vilma, D. (2011). The Impact of External Business Environment Factors to Internationalization of “Born Global” Companies by Promoting Entrepreneurship. Transformations in Business & Economics.10(2), 389-400.
58. Rasmussen, E. S., Madsen, T. K., & Evangelista, F. (2001). The founding of the born global company in Denmark and Australia: Sense making and networking. Asia Pac J Mark Log. 13(3), 75-107. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13555850110764793
59. Rasmussen, E., & Madsen, T. (2002). The born global concept. Proceedings of the 28th EIBA Annual Conference. Athens, Greece: European International Business Academy.
60. Rennie, M. (1993). Global competitiveness: Born global’. The McKinsey Quarterly. 4, 45–52.
61. Rialp, A., Rialp, J., & Knight, G. (2005a). The phenomenon of early internationalizing firms: what do we know after a decade (1993-2003) of scientific inquiry? International Business Review. 14, 147-166. doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2004.04.006
62. Rialp, A., Rialp, J., Urbano, D., & Vaillant, Y. (2005b). The born-global phenomenon: A comparative case study research. Journal of International Entrepreneurship. 3(2):133–177. doi: 10.1007/s10843-005-4202-7
63. Riku, L., Gabrielsson, M., & Gabrielsson, P. (2007), The globalization strategies of business-to-business born global firms in the wireless technology industry. Industrial Marketing management. 36(8), 1104-1117. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2006.10.003
64. Roudini, A., & Osman, M. H. M. (2012). The Role of International Entrepreneurship Capability on International Performance in Born Global Firms. iBusiness. 4(2), 126-135. doi: 10.4236/ib.2012.42015
65. Sharma, D., & Blomstermo, A. (2003). The internationalization process of born globals: A network view. International Business Review. 12, 739-753. doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2003.05.002
66. Tanev, S. (2012). Global from the Start: The characteristics of born-global firms in the technology sector. Technology Innovation Management Review. March, 2012.
67. Terence, F., & Philip, P. (2007). International new ventures: Revisiting the influences behind the 'born-global' firm. Journal of International Business Studies. 38 (2007), 1113-1131. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400308
68. Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence-based management by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management. 14, 207-220. doi: 10.1111/1467-8551.00375
69. Vapola, T. J., Tossavainen, P., & Gabrielsson, M. (2008). The battleship strategy: The complementing role of born globals in MNC’s opportunity creation. Journal of International Entrepreneurship. 6.(1-21). doi: 10.1007/s10843-007-0018-y
70. Varma, S. (2011). Born global acquirers from Indian IT: An exploratory case study. International Journal of Emerging Markets. 6(4), 351-368. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17468801111170356
71. Weerawardena, J., Mort, G. S., Liesch, P. W., & Knight, G. (2007). Conceptualizing accelerated internationalization in the born global firm: A dynamic capabilities perspective, Journal of World Business. 42(3), 294-306. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2007.04.004
72. Wickramasekera, R., & Bamberry, G. (2003). Exploration of born globals/international new ventures: some evidence from the Australian wine industry. Australasian Journal of Regional Studies. 9(2), 207-220.
73. Yan, L., & Panteli, N. (2011). Order and disorder in a born global organization; new technology. Work and Employment. 26(2), 127-145. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-005X.2011.00264.x
74. Zhang, M., & Tansuhaj, P. (2007). Organizational culture, information technology capability, and performance: The case of born global firms. Multinational Business Review. 15(3), 43-78. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/1525383X200700012
75. Zhang, M., Sarker, S., & Sarker, S. (2012). Drivers and export performance impacts of IT capability in ‘born-global’ firms: A cross-national study. Info System Journals (2012) 1-25. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/1525383X200700012
76. Zhang, M., Sarker, S.,& Sarker, S. (2009). Drivers and export performance impacts of IT capability in ‘born-global’ firms: a cross-national study. Information Systems Journal, 10 May 2012-08-02. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2575.2012.00404.x
77. Zhang, M., Tansuhaj, P., McCullough, J. (2009b). International entrepreneurial capability: The measurement and a comparison between born global firms and traditional experts in China. Journal of International Entrepreneur, 7: 292-322. doi:10.1057/jibs.2014.62
78. Zhou, L., Wu, W., & Xueming, L. (2007). Internationalization and the performance of born-global SMEs: The mediating role of social networks. Journal of International Business Studies, 38, 673-690. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400282
79. Zucchella, A. (2002). Born global versus gradually internationalizing firms: An analysis based on the Italian case. Proceedings of the 28th EIBA Annual Conference. Athens, Greece: European International Business Academy.