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2008 Küresel Krizi Bağlamında Döviz Kurları ve Türkiye’de Dövize Endeksli Banka Kredileri Arasındaki Eştümleşme ve Nedensellik İlişkisi

Year 2017, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 687 - 704, 27.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.344796

Abstract



Türkiye’de
dövize endeksli kredi kullanan tüketicilerin önemli bir kısmı, ABD’de 2008
yılında yaşanan ekonomik kriz öncesi, faiz avantajından yararlanmak amacıyla,
uluslararası piyasalarda Amerikan Doları ve Euro'ya nazaran daha az dalgalanan
ve istikrarlı paralar olarak bilinen Japon
Yeni ve İsviçre Frang’ına dayalı kredileri tercih etmişlerdir. Yaşanan kriz
sonucunda ise, birçok gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkedeki finansal piyasalar
olumsuz yönde etkilenmiştir. Krizle birlikte döviz kurlarında önemli
dalgalanmaların gerçekleşmesi, düşük faizle kredi kullanım imkanı sağlayan dövize
endeksli kredi kullanıcılarının daha önce yaşanan ekonomik krizlerde olduğu
gibi bu krizde mağdur olmalarına yol açmıştır.  



Çalışmanın amacı, 2004:10- 2017:06
dönemleri arasında, Türkiye’de döviz kurlarıyla kredi türleri arasında uzun
dönemde ilişkinin varlığını sınamak ve aralarındaki nedensellik durumlarını
incelemektir. Analizimizde aylık frekanstaki veriler için Japon Yeni/Türk
Lirası (JPY/TL), Amerikan Doları/Türk Lirası (USD/ TL), İsviçre Frangı/ Türk
Lirası (CHF/TL)  ve Euro/Türk lirası
(EUR/TL) ile banka konut kredisi, taşıt kredisi, ihtiyaç kredisi, kurumsal
krediler ve kredi kartı kullanım miktarları kullanılmıştır. Yapılan testler
sonucunda taşıt kredileri dışında tüm krediler ile döviz kurları arasında uzun
dönemde bir ilişkinin olduğu sonucu elde edilmiş olup, Türkiye’de 2008 krizinin
önceki krizlerdeki gibi kredi kullanan tüketicileri mağdur ettiği ortaya
konmuştur.




References

  • Arestis, P. and Glickman, M. (March 2002). Financial Crisis in Southeast Asia: Dispelling Illusion The Minskyan Way, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol 26, No 2, Published by: Oxford University Press, http://wwwjstororg/stable/23600265.
  • Cavaliere, G., Rahbek, A. and Taylor, R.(2009).” Co-integration Rank Testing under Conditional Heteroskedasticity”. Granger Centre Discussion Paper No. 09/02.
  • Coudert, V., Couharde, C. and Mignon, V. (2010). Exchange Rate Flexibility across Financial Crises, CEPII, WP No 2010-10, http://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/wp/2010/wp2010-08.pdf.
  • Craigwell, R.C. and Rock. L. (1993). “An Aggregate Consumption Function for Canada: A Cointegration Approach.”Research Department, Central Bank of Barbaros.
  • Demirezen, Ö. (2015). Türkiye’de Kredilerin Özel Tüketim Harcamalarına Etkisi, TC Kalkınma Bakanlığı Uzmanlık Tezi, Yıllık Programlar ve Konjonktür Değerlendirme Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Engle, R.F. and Granger, C.W.J. (1987). ‘‘Cointegration and error correction: representation, estimating and testing’’, Econometrica, Vol. 55, pp. 251-76.
  • Englund, J.(2013). “ Testing for Cointegration in Multivariate Time Series : An Evaluation of the JohansensTtrace Test and Three Different Bootstrap Tests When Testing for Cointegration”. Örebro University School of Business. Supervisor: Panagiotis Mantalos.
  • Filho, F.,F., and Paula, L. F. (2008). Exchange Rate Regime Proposal for Emerging Countries: a Keynesian Perspective, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics / Winter 2008–9, Vol 31, No 2 227.
  • Franses, P.H. , Kofman, P. and Moser, J.(1994). “ Garch Effects on a Test of Cointegration”. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting.
  • Gregory,W. A. ve Hansen,E. B. “Tests For Cointegration in Models With Regime and Trend Shifts”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 58, (1996).
  • Gerolimetto, M. and Procidano, I.(2003). “The Cointegration Analysis in Hypothesis of Heteroschedasticity: The Wild Bootstrap Test.”. Statistica, anno LXIII, n. 3.
  • Ghosh, A. R., Ostry, J. D. and Qureshi, S. M. (2014) “Exchange Rate Management and Crisis Susceptibility: A Reassessment “,IMF Working Paper, https://wwwimforg/external/pubs/ft/wp/2014/wp1411pdf.
  • Granger, C.W.J. (1983).”Cointegrated variables and error correcting modelling.” Working paper n. 83-13, University of California.
  • Granger, C.W.J. and Engle, R.F (1985). “Dynamic Model Specification With Equilibrium Constraints.” Mimeo, (University of California, San Diego, CA).
  • Harris, D. , McCabe, B. and Leybourne, S. (2002). “Stochastic Cointegration: Estimation and Inference”. Journal of Econometrics 111 363 – 384.
  • IMF, (2014) Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2014, https://wwwimforg/external/pubs/nft/2014/areaers/ar2014pdf.
  • Kratz, P.G. and Raulamo. H.M.(2011). “Conditional Heteroscedastic Cointegration Analysis With Structural Breaks”. Lunds Universitet. Supervisor: Frederik Lundtofte.
  • Kwon, C.S. and Shin, T.S. (1999), ‘‘Cointegration And Causality Between Macroeconomic Variables And Stock Market Returns’’, Global Finance Journal, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 71-81.
  • Liu, M.H. and Shrestha, K. (2008). “Analysis of The Long-Term Relationship Between Macroeconomic Variables And The Chinese Stock Market Using Heteroscedastic Cointegration” Managerial Finance Vol. 34 No. 11, pp. 744-755.
  • Johansen, S. (1988) “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors” in: Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Vol. 12, No. 2-3, pp. 231-254, Elsevier.
  • Johansen, S. and K. Juselius (1990) “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration - With Application to the Demand for Money” in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp.169-210, Blackwell Publishing.
  • Perron, P. and NG, S. “Useful Modifications To Some Unit Root Tests with Dependent Errors And Their Local Asymptotic Properties”, Review of Economic Studies, 63, (1996): 435-463.
  • Seo, B. (1999) “Distribution Theory For Unit Root Tests With Conditional Heteroscedasticity” . Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 91, No. 1, pp. 113-144, North-Holland.
  • Shrestha, K. , Thompson, H. and Wong, W.K.(2007). “Are the Mortgage and Capital Markets Fully Integrated? An Fractional Heteroscedastic Cointegration Analysis.” RMI Working Paper No. 07/14.
  • Sekuma, R. (2011).” A Study of Cointegration Models with Applications.” University of South Africa Master Thesis. Supervisor: Professor M.D. Jankowitz.
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2008). Bankalarımız.
  • Westerlund, J. and D.L. Edgerton (2007) “New Improved Tests for Cointegration with Structural Breaks,” Journal of Time Series Analysis, Vol. 28, No.2, pp. 188-224,Blackwell Publishing.
  • Wong, H., Li, K. and Ling, S. (2005). “Joint Modeling of Cointegration and Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Applications”. Ann. Inst. Statist. Math. Vol.57, No. 1,83-103.
  • Zivot, E. and Andrews, W.K. Donald W.K..“Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock and Unit Root Hypothesis”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, Vol. 10, No. 3,(1992): 251-270.
Year 2017, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 687 - 704, 27.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.344796

Abstract

References

  • Arestis, P. and Glickman, M. (March 2002). Financial Crisis in Southeast Asia: Dispelling Illusion The Minskyan Way, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol 26, No 2, Published by: Oxford University Press, http://wwwjstororg/stable/23600265.
  • Cavaliere, G., Rahbek, A. and Taylor, R.(2009).” Co-integration Rank Testing under Conditional Heteroskedasticity”. Granger Centre Discussion Paper No. 09/02.
  • Coudert, V., Couharde, C. and Mignon, V. (2010). Exchange Rate Flexibility across Financial Crises, CEPII, WP No 2010-10, http://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/wp/2010/wp2010-08.pdf.
  • Craigwell, R.C. and Rock. L. (1993). “An Aggregate Consumption Function for Canada: A Cointegration Approach.”Research Department, Central Bank of Barbaros.
  • Demirezen, Ö. (2015). Türkiye’de Kredilerin Özel Tüketim Harcamalarına Etkisi, TC Kalkınma Bakanlığı Uzmanlık Tezi, Yıllık Programlar ve Konjonktür Değerlendirme Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Engle, R.F. and Granger, C.W.J. (1987). ‘‘Cointegration and error correction: representation, estimating and testing’’, Econometrica, Vol. 55, pp. 251-76.
  • Englund, J.(2013). “ Testing for Cointegration in Multivariate Time Series : An Evaluation of the JohansensTtrace Test and Three Different Bootstrap Tests When Testing for Cointegration”. Örebro University School of Business. Supervisor: Panagiotis Mantalos.
  • Filho, F.,F., and Paula, L. F. (2008). Exchange Rate Regime Proposal for Emerging Countries: a Keynesian Perspective, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics / Winter 2008–9, Vol 31, No 2 227.
  • Franses, P.H. , Kofman, P. and Moser, J.(1994). “ Garch Effects on a Test of Cointegration”. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting.
  • Gregory,W. A. ve Hansen,E. B. “Tests For Cointegration in Models With Regime and Trend Shifts”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 58, (1996).
  • Gerolimetto, M. and Procidano, I.(2003). “The Cointegration Analysis in Hypothesis of Heteroschedasticity: The Wild Bootstrap Test.”. Statistica, anno LXIII, n. 3.
  • Ghosh, A. R., Ostry, J. D. and Qureshi, S. M. (2014) “Exchange Rate Management and Crisis Susceptibility: A Reassessment “,IMF Working Paper, https://wwwimforg/external/pubs/ft/wp/2014/wp1411pdf.
  • Granger, C.W.J. (1983).”Cointegrated variables and error correcting modelling.” Working paper n. 83-13, University of California.
  • Granger, C.W.J. and Engle, R.F (1985). “Dynamic Model Specification With Equilibrium Constraints.” Mimeo, (University of California, San Diego, CA).
  • Harris, D. , McCabe, B. and Leybourne, S. (2002). “Stochastic Cointegration: Estimation and Inference”. Journal of Econometrics 111 363 – 384.
  • IMF, (2014) Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2014, https://wwwimforg/external/pubs/nft/2014/areaers/ar2014pdf.
  • Kratz, P.G. and Raulamo. H.M.(2011). “Conditional Heteroscedastic Cointegration Analysis With Structural Breaks”. Lunds Universitet. Supervisor: Frederik Lundtofte.
  • Kwon, C.S. and Shin, T.S. (1999), ‘‘Cointegration And Causality Between Macroeconomic Variables And Stock Market Returns’’, Global Finance Journal, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 71-81.
  • Liu, M.H. and Shrestha, K. (2008). “Analysis of The Long-Term Relationship Between Macroeconomic Variables And The Chinese Stock Market Using Heteroscedastic Cointegration” Managerial Finance Vol. 34 No. 11, pp. 744-755.
  • Johansen, S. (1988) “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors” in: Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Vol. 12, No. 2-3, pp. 231-254, Elsevier.
  • Johansen, S. and K. Juselius (1990) “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration - With Application to the Demand for Money” in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp.169-210, Blackwell Publishing.
  • Perron, P. and NG, S. “Useful Modifications To Some Unit Root Tests with Dependent Errors And Their Local Asymptotic Properties”, Review of Economic Studies, 63, (1996): 435-463.
  • Seo, B. (1999) “Distribution Theory For Unit Root Tests With Conditional Heteroscedasticity” . Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 91, No. 1, pp. 113-144, North-Holland.
  • Shrestha, K. , Thompson, H. and Wong, W.K.(2007). “Are the Mortgage and Capital Markets Fully Integrated? An Fractional Heteroscedastic Cointegration Analysis.” RMI Working Paper No. 07/14.
  • Sekuma, R. (2011).” A Study of Cointegration Models with Applications.” University of South Africa Master Thesis. Supervisor: Professor M.D. Jankowitz.
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2008). Bankalarımız.
  • Westerlund, J. and D.L. Edgerton (2007) “New Improved Tests for Cointegration with Structural Breaks,” Journal of Time Series Analysis, Vol. 28, No.2, pp. 188-224,Blackwell Publishing.
  • Wong, H., Li, K. and Ling, S. (2005). “Joint Modeling of Cointegration and Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Applications”. Ann. Inst. Statist. Math. Vol.57, No. 1,83-103.
  • Zivot, E. and Andrews, W.K. Donald W.K..“Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock and Unit Root Hypothesis”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, Vol. 10, No. 3,(1992): 251-270.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nilgün Acar Balaylar

Eda Yalçın Kayacan

Hamdi Emeç

Publication Date December 27, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 24 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Acar Balaylar, N., Yalçın Kayacan, E., & Emeç, H. (2017). 2008 Küresel Krizi Bağlamında Döviz Kurları ve Türkiye’de Dövize Endeksli Banka Kredileri Arasındaki Eştümleşme ve Nedensellik İlişkisi. Journal of Management and Economics, 24(3), 687-704. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.344796