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Interactions Between Stock Market and Macroeconomic Factors: The Case of BIST100

Year 2021, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 169 - 185, 23.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.786068

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between stock and Turkey in particular macroeconomic variables. In this study, the relationship between GDP, exchange rate (Dollar / TL), interest rate, and inflation and the return of the BIST100 Index were determined empirically for this purpose. The quarterly data set used in the study covers between 2003: Q1 and 2018: Q3. In the analysis, as well as the cointegration test which used in order to determine the existence of the relationship between the variables, the causality test were used to determine the direction of this relationship, and the variance decomposition test was used to determine where the shock caused in the variables originated. As a result of the analysis, a long-term cointegrated relationship between BIST100 and macroeconomic factors has been reached according to the break in trend model. In addition, statistically significant bidirectional causality between BIST 100 and interest rate; unidirectional causalities running from BIST100 to GDP and from BIST 100, GDP, and interest rate to inflation, interest rate to exchange rate are detected as a result of causality tests. According to the latest analysis of variance decomposition, the results obtained in the study are in line with the expectations and the literature. Accordingly, it is seen that the interest rate and exchange rate have the strongest long-term explanatory relations with BIST100. In the light of the findings, it can be said that there are important implications for both investors and policymakers.
Key Words: BIST100, Macroeconomic factors, causality, variance decomposition
JEL Classifications: C32, E44, G23

References

  • Abugri, B.A. (2008). Empirical relationship between macroeconomic volatility and stock returns: Evidence from Latin American markets. International Review of Financial Analysis, 17(2), 396-410.
  • Açıkalın, S., Aktaş, R. ve Ünal, S. (2008). Relationships between stock markets and macroeconomic variables: an empirical analysis of the Istanbul Stock Exchange. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 5(1), 8-16.
  • Aggarwal, R. (1981). Exchange Rates and Stock Prices, A Study of the US Capital Markets under Floating Exchange Rates. Akron Business and Economic Review, 12(4), 7-12.
  • Alper, D. ve Kara, E. (2017). Borsa İstanbul’da Hisse Senedi Getirilerini Etkileyen Makroekonomik Faktörler: BİST Sınai Endeksi Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3), 713-730.
  • Altınbaş, H., Kutay, N. ve Akkaya, C. (2015). Makroekonomik Faktörlerin Hisse Senedi Piyasaları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Borsa İstanbul Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 30-49.
  • Barakat, M. R., Elgazzar, S.H. ve Hanafy, K.M. (2016). Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Markets: Evidence from Emerging Markets. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(1), 195-207.
  • Barışık, S. ve Demircioğlu, E. (2006). Türkiye’de Döviz Kuru Rejimi, Konvertibilite, İhracat-İthalat İlişkisi (1980-2001). ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 71-84.
  • Bilson, C.M., Brailsford, T.J. ve Hooper, V.J. (2001). The Explanatory Power Of Political Risk in Emerging Markets. (The Australian National University, Working Paper Series in Finance 99-04).
  • Chen N.F., Roll, R. ve Ross., S.A. (1986). Economic Forces and the Stock Market, Journal of Business, 59, 383-403.
  • Cheung, Y.W. ve Ng, L.K. (1997). International evidence on the stock market and aggregate economic activity. Journal of Empirical Finance, 5(1998), 281–296.
  • Darrat, A.F. (1990). Stock Returns, Money and Fiscal Policy. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 25(3), 387-398.
  • Enders, W. (1995). Applied Econometric Time Series. New York: Iowa State University.
  • Fama E. F. (1990). Stock Returns, Expected Returns and Real Activity. The Journal of Finance, 45(4), 1089-1108.
  • Fama, E. F. ve Gibbons, M.R. (1982). Inflation, Real Returns and Capital Investment. Journal of Monetary Economics, 9(1982), 297-323.
  • Fama E. F. ve Schwert, G.W. (1977). Asset Returns and Inflation, Journal of Financial Economics, 5, 115-46.
  • Fernandez-Arias, E. (1994). The New Wave of Private Capital Inflows: Push or Pull?. (The World Bank International Economics Department, Policy Research Working Paper, No. 1312).
  • Geske R. ve Roll, R. (1983). The Fiscal and Monetary Linkage Between Stock Returns and Inflation, Journal of Finance, 38, 7-33.
  • Gregory, A. W. ve Hansen, B. E. (1996). Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Models With Regime Shifts, Journal of Econometrics, 70, 99-126.
  • Gujarati, D.N. ve Porter, D.C. (2012). Temel Ekonometri (Çev: Ü. Şenesen, G.G. Şenesen), İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • Kwon, C.S. ve Shin, T.S. (1999). Cointegration and causality between macroeconomic variables and stock market returns. Global Finance Journal, 10, 71-81.
  • Lintner, J. (1969). The Valuation of Risk Assets and the Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets: A Reply. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 51(2), 222–224.
  • Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio Selection. The Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77–91.
  • Mossin, J. (1966). Equilibrium in a Capital Asset Market. Econometrica, Journal of the Econometric Society, 34(4), 768–783.
  • Muradoğlu G., Berument, H. ve Metin, K. (1999). Financial crisis and changes in determinants of risk and return: An empirical investigation of an emerging market (ISE). Multinational Finance Journal, 3(4), 223-252.
  • Muradoğlu G., Taskin, F. ve Bigan, I. (2000). Causality between stock returns and macroeconomic variables in emerging markets. Russian & East European Finance and Trade, 36(6), 33-53.
  • Öztürk, M. B., Kurt Gümüş, G., Taşkın, F. D. ve Çağlı, E. Ç. (2013). Petrol ve Doğalgaz Fiyatları İle İmalat ve Kimya-Petrol-Plastik Sektörlerinin Endeksleri Arasındaki İlişki, Niğde Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 6(2), 64-74.
  • Pramod-Kumar, N. ve Puja, P. (2012). The impact of macroeconomic fundamentals on stock prices revisited: An evidence from Indian data. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 5(10), 25-44.
  • Roll, R., ve Ross, S. A. (1980). An Empirical Investigation of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory. The Journal of Finance, 35(5), 1073–1103.
  • Sevüktekin, M. ve Çınar, M. (2014). Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi, Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık.
  • Sadeghzadeh, K. ve Elmas, B. (2018). Makroekonomik Faktörlerin Hisse Senedi Getirilerine Etkilerinin BIST’de Araştırılması, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 2018(Ekim), 205-230.
  • Shafana, M. (2014). Macroeconomic variables effect on financial sector performance in Emerging Sri Lankan Stock Market. International Journal of Science and Research, 3(10), 227-231.
  • Sharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk. The Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425–442.
  • Sutrisno, B. (2017). Macroeconomic Variables and Sectoral Indices: Case in The Indonesian Stock Exchange. Etikonomi, 16(1), 71-80.
  • Şekeroğlu, G., Uçan, O. ve Acar, M. (2019). Enflasyon Ve Dış Ticaret Açığının Borsa Endeks Getirileri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Borsa İstanbul 100 Endeksinde Bir Uygulama, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 82, 221-234.
  • Tangjitprom, N. (2012). Macroeconomic Factors of Emerging Stock Market: The Evidence from Thailand. International Journal of Financial Research, 3(2), 105-114.
  • Tarı, R. (2015). Ekonometri, Kocaeli: Umuttepe Yayınları.
  • Yeşildağ, E. (2016). Makroekonomik Faktörlerin Borsa İstanbul’daki Endeks Getirilerine Etkisinin Arbitraj Fiyatlama Modeli İle Analizi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, CİEP Özel Sayısı, 51-76.
  • Wang, L.R. ve Shen, C.H. (1999). Do Foreign Investments Affect Foreign Exchange and Stock Markets – The Case of Taiwan. Applied Economics, 31, 1303-1314.
  • Zivot, E. ve Andrews, D. W. K. (1992). Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil-Price Shock, and the Unit-Root Hypothesis. Journal of Business Economic Statistics, 10, 251-270.

Borsa ve Makroekonomik Faktörler Arasındaki Etkileşim: BIST100 Örneği

Year 2021, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 169 - 185, 23.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.786068

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı borsa ve makroekonomik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin Türkiye özelinde incelenmesidir. Çalışma gerek kullanılan yöntem gerekse veri seti anlamında benzerlerinin bazılarından ayrışmaktadır. Çalışmada bu amaç doğrultusunda makroekonomik faktör olarak kabul edilen GSYH, döviz kuru (Dolar/TL), faiz oranı ve enflasyon ile BIST100 İndeksinin getirisi arasındaki ilişki ampirik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan çeyreklik veri seti 2003:Ç1 ve 2018:Ç3 arasını kapsamaktadır. Yapılan analizlerde değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin varlığının tespiti amacıyla eşbütünleşme testinin yanı sıra, bu ilişkinin yönünün belirlenmesi amacıyla nedensellik ve değişkenlerde meydana gelen şokların nereden kaynaklandığının tespiti amacıyla da varyans ayrıştırma testleri kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, BIST100 ile makroekonomik faktörler arasında trende kırılma modeline göre uzun dönemli eşbütünleşik ilişkiye ulaşılmıştır. Nedensellik analizine göre, BIST100 ile faiz oranı arasında çift yönlü ve anlamlı; BIST100’den GSYH’ye ve yanı sıra, BIST100, GSYH ve faiz oranından enflasyona, faiz oranından döviz kuruna, tek yönlü ve anlamlı nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Son olarak yapılan varyans ayrıştırma analizi sonuçlarına göre, çalışma kapsamında elde edilen sonuçların beklentilerle ve literatürle uyumlu olduğu görülmektedir. Buna göre, BIST100 ile faiz oranı ve döviz kurunun en güçlü uzun dönemli açıklayıcı ilişkilere sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Ulaşılan bulgular ışığında gerek yatırımcılar gerekse politika yapıcılar açısından önemli çıkarımların olduğu söylenebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: BIST100, Makroekonomik faktörler, nedensellik, varyans ayrıştırma
JEL Sınıflandırması: C32, E44, G23 

References

  • Abugri, B.A. (2008). Empirical relationship between macroeconomic volatility and stock returns: Evidence from Latin American markets. International Review of Financial Analysis, 17(2), 396-410.
  • Açıkalın, S., Aktaş, R. ve Ünal, S. (2008). Relationships between stock markets and macroeconomic variables: an empirical analysis of the Istanbul Stock Exchange. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 5(1), 8-16.
  • Aggarwal, R. (1981). Exchange Rates and Stock Prices, A Study of the US Capital Markets under Floating Exchange Rates. Akron Business and Economic Review, 12(4), 7-12.
  • Alper, D. ve Kara, E. (2017). Borsa İstanbul’da Hisse Senedi Getirilerini Etkileyen Makroekonomik Faktörler: BİST Sınai Endeksi Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3), 713-730.
  • Altınbaş, H., Kutay, N. ve Akkaya, C. (2015). Makroekonomik Faktörlerin Hisse Senedi Piyasaları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Borsa İstanbul Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 30-49.
  • Barakat, M. R., Elgazzar, S.H. ve Hanafy, K.M. (2016). Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Markets: Evidence from Emerging Markets. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(1), 195-207.
  • Barışık, S. ve Demircioğlu, E. (2006). Türkiye’de Döviz Kuru Rejimi, Konvertibilite, İhracat-İthalat İlişkisi (1980-2001). ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 71-84.
  • Bilson, C.M., Brailsford, T.J. ve Hooper, V.J. (2001). The Explanatory Power Of Political Risk in Emerging Markets. (The Australian National University, Working Paper Series in Finance 99-04).
  • Chen N.F., Roll, R. ve Ross., S.A. (1986). Economic Forces and the Stock Market, Journal of Business, 59, 383-403.
  • Cheung, Y.W. ve Ng, L.K. (1997). International evidence on the stock market and aggregate economic activity. Journal of Empirical Finance, 5(1998), 281–296.
  • Darrat, A.F. (1990). Stock Returns, Money and Fiscal Policy. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 25(3), 387-398.
  • Enders, W. (1995). Applied Econometric Time Series. New York: Iowa State University.
  • Fama E. F. (1990). Stock Returns, Expected Returns and Real Activity. The Journal of Finance, 45(4), 1089-1108.
  • Fama, E. F. ve Gibbons, M.R. (1982). Inflation, Real Returns and Capital Investment. Journal of Monetary Economics, 9(1982), 297-323.
  • Fama E. F. ve Schwert, G.W. (1977). Asset Returns and Inflation, Journal of Financial Economics, 5, 115-46.
  • Fernandez-Arias, E. (1994). The New Wave of Private Capital Inflows: Push or Pull?. (The World Bank International Economics Department, Policy Research Working Paper, No. 1312).
  • Geske R. ve Roll, R. (1983). The Fiscal and Monetary Linkage Between Stock Returns and Inflation, Journal of Finance, 38, 7-33.
  • Gregory, A. W. ve Hansen, B. E. (1996). Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Models With Regime Shifts, Journal of Econometrics, 70, 99-126.
  • Gujarati, D.N. ve Porter, D.C. (2012). Temel Ekonometri (Çev: Ü. Şenesen, G.G. Şenesen), İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • Kwon, C.S. ve Shin, T.S. (1999). Cointegration and causality between macroeconomic variables and stock market returns. Global Finance Journal, 10, 71-81.
  • Lintner, J. (1969). The Valuation of Risk Assets and the Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets: A Reply. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 51(2), 222–224.
  • Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio Selection. The Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77–91.
  • Mossin, J. (1966). Equilibrium in a Capital Asset Market. Econometrica, Journal of the Econometric Society, 34(4), 768–783.
  • Muradoğlu G., Berument, H. ve Metin, K. (1999). Financial crisis and changes in determinants of risk and return: An empirical investigation of an emerging market (ISE). Multinational Finance Journal, 3(4), 223-252.
  • Muradoğlu G., Taskin, F. ve Bigan, I. (2000). Causality between stock returns and macroeconomic variables in emerging markets. Russian & East European Finance and Trade, 36(6), 33-53.
  • Öztürk, M. B., Kurt Gümüş, G., Taşkın, F. D. ve Çağlı, E. Ç. (2013). Petrol ve Doğalgaz Fiyatları İle İmalat ve Kimya-Petrol-Plastik Sektörlerinin Endeksleri Arasındaki İlişki, Niğde Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 6(2), 64-74.
  • Pramod-Kumar, N. ve Puja, P. (2012). The impact of macroeconomic fundamentals on stock prices revisited: An evidence from Indian data. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 5(10), 25-44.
  • Roll, R., ve Ross, S. A. (1980). An Empirical Investigation of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory. The Journal of Finance, 35(5), 1073–1103.
  • Sevüktekin, M. ve Çınar, M. (2014). Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi, Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık.
  • Sadeghzadeh, K. ve Elmas, B. (2018). Makroekonomik Faktörlerin Hisse Senedi Getirilerine Etkilerinin BIST’de Araştırılması, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 2018(Ekim), 205-230.
  • Shafana, M. (2014). Macroeconomic variables effect on financial sector performance in Emerging Sri Lankan Stock Market. International Journal of Science and Research, 3(10), 227-231.
  • Sharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk. The Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425–442.
  • Sutrisno, B. (2017). Macroeconomic Variables and Sectoral Indices: Case in The Indonesian Stock Exchange. Etikonomi, 16(1), 71-80.
  • Şekeroğlu, G., Uçan, O. ve Acar, M. (2019). Enflasyon Ve Dış Ticaret Açığının Borsa Endeks Getirileri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Borsa İstanbul 100 Endeksinde Bir Uygulama, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 82, 221-234.
  • Tangjitprom, N. (2012). Macroeconomic Factors of Emerging Stock Market: The Evidence from Thailand. International Journal of Financial Research, 3(2), 105-114.
  • Tarı, R. (2015). Ekonometri, Kocaeli: Umuttepe Yayınları.
  • Yeşildağ, E. (2016). Makroekonomik Faktörlerin Borsa İstanbul’daki Endeks Getirilerine Etkisinin Arbitraj Fiyatlama Modeli İle Analizi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, CİEP Özel Sayısı, 51-76.
  • Wang, L.R. ve Shen, C.H. (1999). Do Foreign Investments Affect Foreign Exchange and Stock Markets – The Case of Taiwan. Applied Economics, 31, 1303-1314.
  • Zivot, E. ve Andrews, D. W. K. (1992). Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil-Price Shock, and the Unit-Root Hypothesis. Journal of Business Economic Statistics, 10, 251-270.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Seyfettin Ünal 0000-0002-6248-4317

Göksel Karaş 0000-0003-4091-1258

Publication Date March 23, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 28 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ünal, S., & Karaş, G. (2021). Borsa ve Makroekonomik Faktörler Arasındaki Etkileşim: BIST100 Örneği. Journal of Management and Economics, 28(1), 169-185. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.786068