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The Impact of Tourism on Income Inequality: Evidence from Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 681 - 693, 30.12.2021

Ayşe Arı

https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.895363

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between tourism and income inequality in Turkey. To this aim, the data from 1988 through 2018 are analyzed by employing cointegration test with structural breaks of Hatemi-J (2008) and bootstrap causality test of Hacker and Hatemi-J (2006). According to the results of cointegration test, there is no long run relationship between tourism and income equality. The results of the causality test indicates that there isn’t any causality between tourism and income equality. According to emprical findings, development of tourism sector does not have an impact on income inequality in Turkey.
Key Words:Tourism, Income Inequality, Cointegration, Causality
JEL Classification: Z30, Z32, I30

Keywords

Tourism Income Inequality Cointegration Causality

References

  • Alam, M. S. and Paramati, S.R. (2016). The Impact of Tourism on Income Inequality in Developing Economies: Does Kuznets Curve Hypothesis Exist?. Annals of Tourism Research, 61(2016), 111–126. DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2016.09.008
  • Archer, B.and Fletcher, J. (1996). The Economic Impact of Tourism in the Seychelles. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(1), 32-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00041-0
  • Blake, A., Arbache, J., Sinclair, M. T. and Teles, V. (2008). Tourism and Poverty Relief. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(1), 107-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2007.06.013 Chi, J. (2020). Revisiting the Tourism-Inequality Nexus: Evidence from a Panel of Developed and Developing Economies. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(6), 755-767.
  • https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1743243 Çımat, A. ve Bahar, O. (2003). Turizm Sektörünün Türkiye Ekonomisi İçindeki Yeri ve Önemi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 3(6), 1-18.
  • Fauzel, S. (2020). FDI and Tourism Futures: A Dynamic Investigation for A Panel of Small Island Economies. Journal of Tourism Futures, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-05-2018-0026
  • Göçer, İ., Mercan, M. ve Peker, O. (2013). Kredi Hacmi Artışının Cari Açığa Etkisi: Çoklu Yapısal Kırılmalı Eşbütünleşme Analizi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, 0(18), 1-17.
  • Gündüz, L. and Hatemi-J, A. (2005). Is The Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis Valid for Turkey?. Applied Economics Letters, 12(8), 499–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850500109865
  • Hacker, R. S. and Hatemi-J, A. (2006). Tests for Causality Between Integrated Variables Using Asymptotic and Bootstrap Distributions:Theory and Application. Applied Economics,38(13), 1489-1500. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500405763
  • Hatemi-J, A.; (2008). Tests for Cointegration with Two Unknown Regime Shifts With an Application to Financial Market Integration. Empirical Economics, 35 (3), 497-505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-007-0175-9
  • Incera, A.C. and Fernandez, M.(2015). Tourism and Income Distribution: Evidence from A Developed Regional Economy. Tourism Management, 48 (2015), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.10.016
  • Katircioglu, S. T. (2009). Revisiting The Tourism-Led-Growth Hypothesis for Turkey Using the Bounds Test and Johansen Approach for Cointegration. Tourism Management, 30(1),17–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.04.004
  • Katircioglu, S., Katircioglu, S. and Altun, Ö. (2018). The Moderating Role of Oil Price Changes in the Effects of Service Trade and Tourism on Growth: The Case of Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 35266–35275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3448-2

Turizmin Gelir Eşitsizliğine Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği

Year 2021, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 681 - 693, 30.12.2021

Ayşe Arı

https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.895363

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı turizm ve gelir eşitsizliği arasındaki ilişkiyi Türkiye için araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla Hatemi-J (2008)’nin yapısal kırılmalı eşbütünleşme testi ile Hacker ve Hatemi-J (2006) bootstrap nedensellik testi kullanılmış ve 1988-2018 dönemi analiz edilmiştir. Eşbütünleşme testinden elde edilen bulgulara göre, turizm ve gelir eşitsizliği arasında uzun dönem ilişki bulunmamaktadır. Nedensellik testi sonuçları ise, turizm ve gelir eşitsizliği arasında nedensellik ilişkisi olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Türkiye’de turizm sektörünün gelişmesi gelir eşitsizliği üzerinde bir etkiye sahip değildir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Turizm, Gelir Eşitsizliği, Eşbütünleşme, Nedensellik
JEL Sınıflandırması: Z30, Z32, I30

Keywords

Turizm gelir eşitsizliği eşbütünleşme nedensellik

References

  • Alam, M. S. and Paramati, S.R. (2016). The Impact of Tourism on Income Inequality in Developing Economies: Does Kuznets Curve Hypothesis Exist?. Annals of Tourism Research, 61(2016), 111–126. DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2016.09.008
  • Archer, B.and Fletcher, J. (1996). The Economic Impact of Tourism in the Seychelles. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(1), 32-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00041-0
  • Blake, A., Arbache, J., Sinclair, M. T. and Teles, V. (2008). Tourism and Poverty Relief. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(1), 107-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2007.06.013 Chi, J. (2020). Revisiting the Tourism-Inequality Nexus: Evidence from a Panel of Developed and Developing Economies. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(6), 755-767.
  • https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1743243 Çımat, A. ve Bahar, O. (2003). Turizm Sektörünün Türkiye Ekonomisi İçindeki Yeri ve Önemi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 3(6), 1-18.
  • Fauzel, S. (2020). FDI and Tourism Futures: A Dynamic Investigation for A Panel of Small Island Economies. Journal of Tourism Futures, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-05-2018-0026
  • Göçer, İ., Mercan, M. ve Peker, O. (2013). Kredi Hacmi Artışının Cari Açığa Etkisi: Çoklu Yapısal Kırılmalı Eşbütünleşme Analizi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, 0(18), 1-17.
  • Gündüz, L. and Hatemi-J, A. (2005). Is The Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis Valid for Turkey?. Applied Economics Letters, 12(8), 499–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850500109865
  • Hacker, R. S. and Hatemi-J, A. (2006). Tests for Causality Between Integrated Variables Using Asymptotic and Bootstrap Distributions:Theory and Application. Applied Economics,38(13), 1489-1500. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500405763
  • Hatemi-J, A.; (2008). Tests for Cointegration with Two Unknown Regime Shifts With an Application to Financial Market Integration. Empirical Economics, 35 (3), 497-505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-007-0175-9
  • Incera, A.C. and Fernandez, M.(2015). Tourism and Income Distribution: Evidence from A Developed Regional Economy. Tourism Management, 48 (2015), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.10.016
  • Katircioglu, S. T. (2009). Revisiting The Tourism-Led-Growth Hypothesis for Turkey Using the Bounds Test and Johansen Approach for Cointegration. Tourism Management, 30(1),17–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.04.004
  • Katircioglu, S., Katircioglu, S. and Altun, Ö. (2018). The Moderating Role of Oil Price Changes in the Effects of Service Trade and Tourism on Growth: The Case of Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 35266–35275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3448-2
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ayşe Arı 0000-0002-8485-5932

Publication Date December 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 28 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Arı, A. (2021). Turizmin Gelir Eşitsizliğine Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Journal of Management and Economics, 28(4), 681-693. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.895363
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