Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Margaret Atwood'un Kalp Gidince Romanında Özgürlük ve Güvenlik İkilemi

Year 2022, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 221 - 236, 25.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1059939

Abstract

Kalp Gidince, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde geçen distopik bir romandır ve bankacılıktan üretime her sektörün çöktüğü bir toplum anlatılır. Kitapta, işsizlik, evsizlik ve şiddet istisnadan ziyade normu oluşturmaktadır. Hikaye evlerini ve işlerini kaybeden ve arabalarında yaşayan genç bir çift üzerinden anlatılır. Bu çift, artık sadece hayatta kalmaya çalışmakta ve güvenlik uğruna özgürlüklerinden vazgeçmektedir.
Distopyalar yazıldığı dönemin korkularını ele alırlar. Romanda anlatılan toplum geç kapitalist bir toplumdur. Geç kapitalist toplumlar belirsizlik, güvensizlik ve kırılganlık üzerine kurulmuşlardır ve bunlardan kaynaklanan korku ve endişeyi sömürmektedir. Kalp Gidince romanı da bu sömürüyü yansıtmaktadır. Romanda kahramanlar güvenlik ve istikrar vaat eden bir projeye dahil olmakta, sonucunda özgürlüklerini kaybetmektedir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde distopya ve sosyal teori ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde romanın özeti ve bağlamı verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde geç kapitalist toplumların analizi akışkan modernlik tezi üzerinden yapılmıştır. Son bölümde özgürlük ve güvenlik arasındaki çelişkili ilişki ele alınmış ve bu çelişkili ilişki sonucunda ortaya çıkan tahakküm ilişkileri analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel tezi, korkuyu harekete geçiren ve sömüren toplum yapısının güvenlik ihtiyacını tetiklediği ve bu ihtiyacının özgürlük kaybına yol açacağıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Distopya, akışkan modernlik, geç kapitalizm, özgürlük-güvenlik ikilemi
JEL Sınıflandırması: P1, Y92, Y80, F59

References

  • Atwood, M. (2005). Curious Pursuits: Occasional Writing. Virago.
  • Atwood, M. (2015a). The Heart Goes Last: A Novel. McClelland & Stewart.
  • Atwood, M. (2015b), We Are Double-plus Unfree, “The Guardian”, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/sep/18/margaret-atwood-we-are-double-plus-unfree [erişim tarihi: 5.01.2021].
  • Baccolini, R. (2004). The Persistence of Hope in Dystopian Science Fiction. PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 119(3), 518-521.
  • Bauman, Z. (2002). Community: Seeking Safety in an Insecure World. Blackwell Publishing Inc.
  • Bauman, Z. (2013). Liquid Modernity. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bauman, Z. (2007). Liquid Times: Living in an Age of Uncertainty. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Bauman, Z., & Lyon, D. (2013). Liquid Surveillance: A Conversation. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bauman, Z., & Haugaard, M. (2008). Liquid Modernity and Power: A Dialogue with Zygmunt Bauman. Journal of Power, 1(2), 111-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17540290802227536
  • Beck, U. (1992). Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (Vol. 17). sage.
  • Berlin, I. (2007). İki Özgürlük Kavramı. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, (46), 59-72.
  • Booker, K. (1994). The Dystopian Impulse in Modern Literature: Fiction as Social Criticism. Greenwood Press.
  • Claeys, G. (2016). Dystopia: A Natural History. Oxford University Press.
  • Claeys, G. (2013). News from Somewhere: Enhanced Sociability and the Composite Definition of Utopia and Dystopia. History, 98(330), 145-173.
  • Claeys, G. (2010). The Origins of Dystopia: Wells, Huxley and Orwell. The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature, 107-131.
  • Foucault, M. (2008). The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at College de France 1978-1979. Edited by Arnold I. Davidson, translated by Grahan Burchell. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gane, N. (2001). Zygmunt Bauman: Liquid Modernity and Beyond. Acta Sociologica, 44(3), 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/000169930104400306
  • Goodwin, B., & Taylor, K. (2009). The Politics of Utopia: A Study in Theory and Practice (Vol. 5). Peter Lang.
  • Lee, R. L. (2005). Bauman, Liquid Modernity and Dilemmas of Development. ThesisEleven, 83(1),61-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513605057137
  • Levitas, R. (2000). For Utopia: The (limits of the) Utopian Function in Late Capitalist Society. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 3(2-3), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230008403311
  • Kumar, K. (2005). Ütopyacılık, çev. Ali Somel, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Mannheim, K. (2013). Ideology and Utopia. Routledge.
  • Patton, P. (1989). Taylor and Foucault on Power and Freedom. Political Studies, 37(2), 260-276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1989.tb01482.x
  • Riceour, P. (1986). Lectures on Ideology and Utopia. New York, NY: Columbia.
  • Sargent, L. T. (1994). The Three Faces of Utopianism Revisited. Utopian Studies, 5(1), 1-37.
  • Stillman, P. G. (2000). ‘Nothing is, but what is not’: Utopias as Practical Political Philosophy. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 3(2-3), 9-24.

Freedom and Security Dilemma in Margaret Atwood’s The Heart Goes Last

Year 2022, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 221 - 236, 25.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1059939

Abstract

The Heart Goes Last is a dystopic novel set in the United States of America. The book portrays a society in which the whole system is broken, from banking to manufacturing; unemployment, homelessness, and violence have accelerated in such a way that they constitute norms rather than the exception. The story is about a young couple, Charmaine and Stan, who lost their homes and jobs and live in their cars. Their lives are now organized around their bare lives, and they are at the point where they exchange their freedom for security.
Dystopias reflect the fear of the era in which they are written, and the society portrayed in the novel is a late capitalist society. Late capitalist societies are characterized by uncertainty, insecurity, and vulnerability. Late capitalist societies exploit the fears and anxieties derived from uncertainty and insecurity, and The Heart Goes Last projects this exploitation, resulting in the loss of freedom. The first part of the study gives the relationship between dystopia and social theory. In the second part, the context of the novel is given. The third part analyzes the late capitalist societies through liquid modernity thesis. Finally, the renunciation of freedom for the sake of security and stability is analyzed. An emphasis on the contradiction between freedom and security and the co-occurrence of freedom and domination will be given. It is argued that the social structure that exploits fear triggers the need for security, which results in the loss of freedom.
Key Words: Dystopia, liquid modernity, late capitalism, freedom-security dilemma
JEL Classification: P1, Y92, Y80, F59

References

  • Atwood, M. (2005). Curious Pursuits: Occasional Writing. Virago.
  • Atwood, M. (2015a). The Heart Goes Last: A Novel. McClelland & Stewart.
  • Atwood, M. (2015b), We Are Double-plus Unfree, “The Guardian”, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/sep/18/margaret-atwood-we-are-double-plus-unfree [erişim tarihi: 5.01.2021].
  • Baccolini, R. (2004). The Persistence of Hope in Dystopian Science Fiction. PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 119(3), 518-521.
  • Bauman, Z. (2002). Community: Seeking Safety in an Insecure World. Blackwell Publishing Inc.
  • Bauman, Z. (2013). Liquid Modernity. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bauman, Z. (2007). Liquid Times: Living in an Age of Uncertainty. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Bauman, Z., & Lyon, D. (2013). Liquid Surveillance: A Conversation. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bauman, Z., & Haugaard, M. (2008). Liquid Modernity and Power: A Dialogue with Zygmunt Bauman. Journal of Power, 1(2), 111-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17540290802227536
  • Beck, U. (1992). Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (Vol. 17). sage.
  • Berlin, I. (2007). İki Özgürlük Kavramı. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, (46), 59-72.
  • Booker, K. (1994). The Dystopian Impulse in Modern Literature: Fiction as Social Criticism. Greenwood Press.
  • Claeys, G. (2016). Dystopia: A Natural History. Oxford University Press.
  • Claeys, G. (2013). News from Somewhere: Enhanced Sociability and the Composite Definition of Utopia and Dystopia. History, 98(330), 145-173.
  • Claeys, G. (2010). The Origins of Dystopia: Wells, Huxley and Orwell. The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature, 107-131.
  • Foucault, M. (2008). The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at College de France 1978-1979. Edited by Arnold I. Davidson, translated by Grahan Burchell. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gane, N. (2001). Zygmunt Bauman: Liquid Modernity and Beyond. Acta Sociologica, 44(3), 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/000169930104400306
  • Goodwin, B., & Taylor, K. (2009). The Politics of Utopia: A Study in Theory and Practice (Vol. 5). Peter Lang.
  • Lee, R. L. (2005). Bauman, Liquid Modernity and Dilemmas of Development. ThesisEleven, 83(1),61-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513605057137
  • Levitas, R. (2000). For Utopia: The (limits of the) Utopian Function in Late Capitalist Society. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 3(2-3), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230008403311
  • Kumar, K. (2005). Ütopyacılık, çev. Ali Somel, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Mannheim, K. (2013). Ideology and Utopia. Routledge.
  • Patton, P. (1989). Taylor and Foucault on Power and Freedom. Political Studies, 37(2), 260-276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1989.tb01482.x
  • Riceour, P. (1986). Lectures on Ideology and Utopia. New York, NY: Columbia.
  • Sargent, L. T. (1994). The Three Faces of Utopianism Revisited. Utopian Studies, 5(1), 1-37.
  • Stillman, P. G. (2000). ‘Nothing is, but what is not’: Utopias as Practical Political Philosophy. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 3(2-3), 9-24.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ayça Berna Görmez 0000-0002-5782-580X

Publication Date June 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 29 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Görmez, A. B. (2022). Margaret Atwood’un Kalp Gidince Romanında Özgürlük ve Güvenlik İkilemi. Journal of Management and Economics, 29(2), 221-236. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1059939