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TIME SERIES ANALYSIS ON CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP (CDS) AND MARKET INDICATORS: THE CASE OF TÜRKİYE

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 136 - 147, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.51803/yssr.1588759

Abstract

Regional and global cyclical fluctuations in the world economy reveal the importance of the CDS premium for developing countries such as Turkey, which has fragile macroeconomic indicators and is dependent on international funds. This study deals with the influence of some economic indicators on CDS premiums with a focus on Turkey in the period from January 2010 to March 2022. This study attempts to contribute to the literature by providing evidence from a developing country perspective and by improving the existing knowledge with recent and monthly data. The study determines possible long-run and short-run relationships between CDS premiums, and the exchange rate ($/TL), interest rates (applied to consumer loans in TL), Istanbul Stock Exchange 100 indexes, official reserves ($1,000,000), and total domestic credit volume ($) using the ARDL method and possible directions of causality using the Granger test. The general results have provided strong evidence that the exchange rate and credit volume have positive cointegration on CDS premiums, while official reserves and stock market index have a negative cointegration on CDS premiums.

References

  • References Akın, T., & Isikli, E. (2020). The relationship among sovereign credit risk premium, sovereign bonds and currency rates in fragile three countries. Journal of Business, Economics and Finance, 7(3), 262–273. [CrossRef]
  • Akyol, H., & Baltaci, N. (2019). Examination of macroeconomic determinants of CDS spreads: ARDL bound testing approach. Küresel İktisat ve İşletme Çalışmaları Dergisi, 8(16), 33–49. [Turkish]
  • Brandorf, C. & Holmberg, J. (2010). Determinants of sovereign credit default swap spreads for PIIGS– A macroeconomic approach [Bachelor thesis], Lund Uniiversity School of Economics and Management.
  • Bektur, Ç., & Malcıoğlu, G. (2017). Kredi Temerrüt Takasları ile BIST100 Endeksi Arasındaki İlişki: Asimetrik Nedensellik Analizi. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(3), 73–83. [Turkish]
  • Blommestein, H., Eiffinger S., & Qian, Z. (2016). Regime-dependent determinants of Euro area sovereign CDS spreads. Journal of Financial Stability, 22, 10–21. [CrossRef]
  • Bolaman Avcı, Ö. (2020). Interaction Between CDS Premiums and Stock Markets: Case of Turkey. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 1–8. [CrossRef]
  • Buz, N. E., & Küçükkocaoğlu G. (2023). Ülke Kredi Temerrüt Takas (CDS) Primin Etkileyen Faktörler, Türkiye Uygulaması. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 25(1), 27–52. [CrossRef]
  • Chodnicka-Jaworska, P., & Jaworski, P. (2017). Fundamental determinants of credit default risk for European and American banks. Journal of International Studies, 10(3), 51–63. [CrossRef]
  • Çonkar, M.K., & Vergili, G. (2017). Kredi Temerrüt Swapları ile Döviz Kurları Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye için Amprik Bir Analiz. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(4), 59–66. [CrossRef]
  • Danacı, M. C., Şit, M., & Şit, A. (2017). Relationship between credit default swaps (CDS) and growth rate: A case of Turkey. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 67–78. [Turkish]
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49, 1057–1072. [CrossRef]
  • Dieckmann, S., & Plank, T. (2011). Default risk of advanced economies: an empirical analysis of credit default swaps during the financial crisis. Review of Finance, 1–40. [CrossRef]
  • Ekrem, B., Çeviş, İ., Ceylan, R., & Yayla, N. (2018). Makroekonomik Göstergelerin CDS primini açıklama gücü: Kırılgan beşli ülkeler için bir panel ARDL Analizi. 4.International Conference on Applied Economics and Finance, ICOAEF Kuşadası, 488–500. [Turkish]
  • Engle, R. F., & Granger C. W. J. (1987). Cointegration and error correction: Representation, estimation and testing. Econometrica, 55, 251–276. [CrossRef]
  • Eyssell, T., Fung, H-G., & Zhanga, G. (2013). Determinants and price discovery of China sovereign credit default swaps. China Economic Review, 24, 1–15. [CrossRef]
  • Fung, H., Sierra, G. E., and Yau, J. G. (2008). Are The U.S. Stock Market and Credit Default Swap Market Related? Evidence From the CDS Indices. Journal of Alternative Investments, 11(1), 43–61. [CrossRef]
  • Haspolat, F. B. (2019). Ülke kredi notları ve kredi temerrüt takasları arasındaki ilişkinin i̇ncelenmesi: Türkiye ve seçilmiş ülkeler üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir analiz [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ekonomi Bilim Dalı Ankara. [Turkish]
  • Ho, H. (2014). Long-Run Determinant of the Sovereign CDS Spread in Emerging Countries. CEPN (CNRS-UMR 7234), 1–10.
  • Hull, J. (2008). Options, Futures and Other Derivatives. 7th ed., Prentice Hall.
  • Kılcı, Esra N. (2017). An assessment of the relationship between CDS spreads and sovereign credit Risk; Turkey case. Maliye Finans Yazıları, (108), 71–86. [Turkish]
  • M, Sazak. (2012). Credit Default Swaps and Credit Risk Pricing. MSc Finance Cass Business School City University London, 2012.
  • İskenderoğlu, Ö., & Balat, A. (2018). The impact of sovereign ratings on the CDS premiums: An application on BRICS countries and Turkey. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 12(2), 47–64. [Turkish] Özçelik, Ö. & Göksu, S. (2020). The effect of CDS premium and inflation rate on interest rates: The case of Turkey. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 69–78. [Turkish]
  • Sand, H.J. (2012). The Impact of Macro-Economic Variables on The Sovereign CDS Spreads of The Eurozone Countries. Master’s Thesis, University of Groningen.
  • Sarıtaş. H., Kılıç, E., & Nazlıoğlu, E. H. (2021). Analysis of the relationship between credit default swaps (CDS), credit ratings and stock markets: The case of Turkey. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları, (116), 73–92. [Turkish]
  • Sovbetov, Y., & Saka, H. (2018). Does it take two to tango: Interaction between credit default swaps and national stock indices. Journal of Economics and Financial Analysis, 2(1), 129–149. [CrossRef]
  • Şahin, E.E., & Özkan, O. (2018). Credit default swap, exchange rates and BİST 100 index relationship: Cointegration and causality analysis. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(3), 1939–1945. [Turkish] [CrossRef]
  • Yang, L., B. Morley, & Hudson J. (2010). A study of the causal relationships between sovereign CDS spreads, Risk -Free interest rates and exchange rates. Proceedings of the 8th INFINITI Conference on International Finance, Dublin, Ireland.

KREDİ TEMERRÜT TAKASI (CDS) VE PİYASA GÖSTERGELERİ ÜZERİNE ZAMAN SERİSİ ANALİZİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 136 - 147, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.51803/yssr.1588759

Abstract

Dünya ekonomisindeki bölgesel ve küresel konjonktürel dalgalanmalar, Türkiye gibi kırılgan makroekonomik göstergelere sahip ve uluslararası fonlara bağımlı gelişmekte olan ülkeler için CDS priminin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, Ocak 2010- Mart 2022 döneminde bazı ekonomik göstergelerin CDS primleri üzerindeki etkisini Türkiye odaklı olarak ele almaktadır. Bu çalışma, gelişmekte olan ülke perspektifinden kanıtlar sunarak ve mevcut bilgileri güncel ve aylık verilerle geliştirerek literatüre katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, CDS primleri ile döviz kuru ($/TL), faiz oranları (TL cinsinden tüketici kredilerine uygulanan), Borsa İstanbul 100 endeksi, resmi rezervler (1.000.000 $) ve toplam yurtiçi kredi hacmi ($) arasındaki olası uzun ve kısa dönemli ilişkileri ARDL yöntemi ve olası nedensellik yönlerini Granger testi kullanarak belirlemektedir. Genel sonuçlar, döviz kuru ve kredi hacminin CDS primleri üzerinde pozitif, resmi rezervler ve borsa endeksinin CDS primleri üzerinde negatif bir eş bütünleşmeye sahip olduğuna dair güçlü kanıtlar sağlamıştır.

References

  • References Akın, T., & Isikli, E. (2020). The relationship among sovereign credit risk premium, sovereign bonds and currency rates in fragile three countries. Journal of Business, Economics and Finance, 7(3), 262–273. [CrossRef]
  • Akyol, H., & Baltaci, N. (2019). Examination of macroeconomic determinants of CDS spreads: ARDL bound testing approach. Küresel İktisat ve İşletme Çalışmaları Dergisi, 8(16), 33–49. [Turkish]
  • Brandorf, C. & Holmberg, J. (2010). Determinants of sovereign credit default swap spreads for PIIGS– A macroeconomic approach [Bachelor thesis], Lund Uniiversity School of Economics and Management.
  • Bektur, Ç., & Malcıoğlu, G. (2017). Kredi Temerrüt Takasları ile BIST100 Endeksi Arasındaki İlişki: Asimetrik Nedensellik Analizi. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(3), 73–83. [Turkish]
  • Blommestein, H., Eiffinger S., & Qian, Z. (2016). Regime-dependent determinants of Euro area sovereign CDS spreads. Journal of Financial Stability, 22, 10–21. [CrossRef]
  • Bolaman Avcı, Ö. (2020). Interaction Between CDS Premiums and Stock Markets: Case of Turkey. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 1–8. [CrossRef]
  • Buz, N. E., & Küçükkocaoğlu G. (2023). Ülke Kredi Temerrüt Takas (CDS) Primin Etkileyen Faktörler, Türkiye Uygulaması. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 25(1), 27–52. [CrossRef]
  • Chodnicka-Jaworska, P., & Jaworski, P. (2017). Fundamental determinants of credit default risk for European and American banks. Journal of International Studies, 10(3), 51–63. [CrossRef]
  • Çonkar, M.K., & Vergili, G. (2017). Kredi Temerrüt Swapları ile Döviz Kurları Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye için Amprik Bir Analiz. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(4), 59–66. [CrossRef]
  • Danacı, M. C., Şit, M., & Şit, A. (2017). Relationship between credit default swaps (CDS) and growth rate: A case of Turkey. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 67–78. [Turkish]
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49, 1057–1072. [CrossRef]
  • Dieckmann, S., & Plank, T. (2011). Default risk of advanced economies: an empirical analysis of credit default swaps during the financial crisis. Review of Finance, 1–40. [CrossRef]
  • Ekrem, B., Çeviş, İ., Ceylan, R., & Yayla, N. (2018). Makroekonomik Göstergelerin CDS primini açıklama gücü: Kırılgan beşli ülkeler için bir panel ARDL Analizi. 4.International Conference on Applied Economics and Finance, ICOAEF Kuşadası, 488–500. [Turkish]
  • Engle, R. F., & Granger C. W. J. (1987). Cointegration and error correction: Representation, estimation and testing. Econometrica, 55, 251–276. [CrossRef]
  • Eyssell, T., Fung, H-G., & Zhanga, G. (2013). Determinants and price discovery of China sovereign credit default swaps. China Economic Review, 24, 1–15. [CrossRef]
  • Fung, H., Sierra, G. E., and Yau, J. G. (2008). Are The U.S. Stock Market and Credit Default Swap Market Related? Evidence From the CDS Indices. Journal of Alternative Investments, 11(1), 43–61. [CrossRef]
  • Haspolat, F. B. (2019). Ülke kredi notları ve kredi temerrüt takasları arasındaki ilişkinin i̇ncelenmesi: Türkiye ve seçilmiş ülkeler üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir analiz [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ekonomi Bilim Dalı Ankara. [Turkish]
  • Ho, H. (2014). Long-Run Determinant of the Sovereign CDS Spread in Emerging Countries. CEPN (CNRS-UMR 7234), 1–10.
  • Hull, J. (2008). Options, Futures and Other Derivatives. 7th ed., Prentice Hall.
  • Kılcı, Esra N. (2017). An assessment of the relationship between CDS spreads and sovereign credit Risk; Turkey case. Maliye Finans Yazıları, (108), 71–86. [Turkish]
  • M, Sazak. (2012). Credit Default Swaps and Credit Risk Pricing. MSc Finance Cass Business School City University London, 2012.
  • İskenderoğlu, Ö., & Balat, A. (2018). The impact of sovereign ratings on the CDS premiums: An application on BRICS countries and Turkey. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 12(2), 47–64. [Turkish] Özçelik, Ö. & Göksu, S. (2020). The effect of CDS premium and inflation rate on interest rates: The case of Turkey. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 69–78. [Turkish]
  • Sand, H.J. (2012). The Impact of Macro-Economic Variables on The Sovereign CDS Spreads of The Eurozone Countries. Master’s Thesis, University of Groningen.
  • Sarıtaş. H., Kılıç, E., & Nazlıoğlu, E. H. (2021). Analysis of the relationship between credit default swaps (CDS), credit ratings and stock markets: The case of Turkey. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları, (116), 73–92. [Turkish]
  • Sovbetov, Y., & Saka, H. (2018). Does it take two to tango: Interaction between credit default swaps and national stock indices. Journal of Economics and Financial Analysis, 2(1), 129–149. [CrossRef]
  • Şahin, E.E., & Özkan, O. (2018). Credit default swap, exchange rates and BİST 100 index relationship: Cointegration and causality analysis. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(3), 1939–1945. [Turkish] [CrossRef]
  • Yang, L., B. Morley, & Hudson J. (2010). A study of the causal relationships between sovereign CDS spreads, Risk -Free interest rates and exchange rates. Proceedings of the 8th INFINITI Conference on International Finance, Dublin, Ireland.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Econometrics (Other)
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Burak Yerlikaya 0000-0002-2262-8080

Publication Date December 30, 2024
Submission Date November 20, 2024
Acceptance Date December 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yerlikaya, B. (2024). TIME SERIES ANALYSIS ON CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP (CDS) AND MARKET INDICATORS: THE CASE OF TÜRKİYE. Yildiz Social Science Review, 10(2), 136-147. https://doi.org/10.51803/yssr.1588759