KÜRESEL SAĞLIK HUKUKUNUN YENİ AYGITI: DSÖ PANDEMİ ANLAŞMASI

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel konusu COVID-19 pandemisinin küresel sağlık yönetiminde açığa çıkardığı yapısal zafiyetler, eşitsizlikler ve hak ihlalleri sonucunda oluşturulan ve 20 Mayıs 2025 tarihinde kabul edilen DSÖ Pandemi Anlaşması’nın hazırlık süreci, düzenlemeleri ve küresel sağlık ile sağlık hakkı bağlamındaki muhtemel etkileridir. Anlaşma “Tek Sağlık", "Tüm Devlet-Tüm Toplum" yaklaşımı, eşitlik, insan hakları ile küresel iş birliği ve dayanışma gibi ilkeleri temel kabul etmiştir. Ayrıca Patojenlere Erişim ve Faydaların Paylaşımı (PABS) sistemi, Küresel Tedarik Zinciri ve Lojistik Ağı (GSCL) ve Koordinasyon Finans Mekanizması gibi temel hukuki mekanizmalar öngörmektedir. Anlaşma tarafları ve DSÖ’nün oluşturulan mekanizmalar kapsamındaki yükümlülüklerinin yanında küresel sağlık adaletine ve sağlık hakkının ulusal ve küresel düzeyde güçlendirilmesine yönelik birtakım yükümlülükler yer almaktadır. Çalışmada Anlaşma’nın sağlık hakkını ulusal ve küresel düzeyde güçlendirme potansiyeli değerlendirilirken uygulamasına ilişkin belirsizlikler temelli eleştiriler de tartışılmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmada Türkiye’nin Anlaşma’ya taraf olmasının yerli üretim kapasitesini geliştirme, sağlık sisteminin direncini artırma ve küresel sağlık adaletine katkı sağlama açısından taşıdığı önem vurgulanmakta ve nihayetinde sağlık hakkının yerine getirilmesine yönelik muhtemel etkisi değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

• COVİD-19
• KÜRESEL SAĞLIK
• İŞ BİRLİĞİ
• DAYANIŞMA
• DSÖ PANDEMİ ANLAŞMASI

A NEW INSTRUMENT OF GLOBAL HEALTH LAW: WHO PANDEMİC AGREEMENT

Abstract

This study examines the preparatory process, regulatory framework, and potential impacts of the WHO Pandemic Agreement, adopted on May 20, 2025, in response to the structural vulnerabilities, inequalities, and human rights violations exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Agreement is fundamentally anchored in the principles of "One Health," the "whole-of-government and whole-of-society" approach, equity, human rights, global cooperation, and solidarity. It establishes critical legal instruments, including the Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) system, the Global Supply Chain and Logistics (GSCL) Network, and a Coordination Financial Mechanism. While evaluating the Agreement's potential to bolster the right to health at both national and global levels, this research also addresses criticisms regarding implementation uncertainties and its "soft law" nature. Finally, the study emphasizes the strategic importance of Türkiye’s participation in the Agreement to enhance domestic production capacity, strengthen health system resilience and contribute to global health justice.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• GLOBAL HEALTH
• COOPERATION
• SOLIDARITY
• WHO PANDEMIC AGREEMENT

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