Türkiye'deki Uluslararası Öğrenci Hareketliliği Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2015, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 147 - 161, 01.12.2015

Önder Kethüda

Abstract

Uluslararası öğrenci hareketliliğinin öğrenci gönderen ve ağırlayan ev sahibi ülkelerin eğitim sistemine, ekonomisine, uluslararası bilimsel proje ortaklıklarına ve üniversitelerinin kalitesine pozitif katkıları vardır. Uluslararası öğrenci hareketliliği, özellikle öğrenci ağırlayan ev sahibi ülkenin ekonomisine doğrudan önemli katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle, uluslararası öğrenci hareketliliğinden daha fazla pay almak isteyen ülkeler arasında kıyasıya rekabet yaşanmaktadır. Türkiye'de yükseköğretim sektöründeki potansiyelini değerlendirerek pazar payını artırmak çabasındadır. Bu kapsamda, bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası öğrenci hareketliliğinde Türkiye'nin mevcut durumunu kapsamlı bir şekilde ortaya koymak ve ilgililere bu kapsamda önerilerde bulunmaktır. Araştırmada, 2000-2012 yıllarında Türkiye'deki ve dünyadaki öğrenci hareketliliğindeki eğilim ve 2013 yılında Türkiye'ye gelen uluslararası öğrenci sayıları incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye'nin yükseköğretim sektöründeki uluslararası öğrenci hareketliliğinde önemli bir yere sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Bunun yanında, Türkiye'ye en çok uluslararası öğrenci Azerbaycan, Türkmenistan ve KKTC'den gelmektedir.

Keywords

Dünya, Türkiye, uluslararası öğrenci hareketliliği, yükseköğretim

An investigation on international student mobility in Turkey

Abstract

International student's mobility has positive effect on higher education system, economy, partnership of international scientific project and quality of the universities. International student's mobility, particularly, has significant direct effect on the economy of the host country. Therefore, competition among the host countries which effort to get bigger share in this market is intense. Turkey is one of those countries which effort to increase the number of international students it host. In this framework, the aim of this study is to identify the present position of the Turkey in the international higher education market and to make suggestions for the future. In this study, firstly, trends international student's mobility in 2000-2012 and secondly, international students who came to Turkey for higher education in 2013 were evaluated. Results of this study indicate that Turkey has a critical position among both home and host countries in the higher education sector. Another important finding is that Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Cyprus are the countries which send most international students come to Turkey.

Keywords

Higher education, international student's mobility, Turkey, world.

References

• Arslan, M. (2005). Cumhuriyet dönemi üniversite reformları bağlamında üniversitelerimizde demokratiklik tartışmaları. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(1), 23–49.
• Baker, M., Creedy, J., and Johnson, D. (1996). Financing and effects of internationalisation in higher education: An Australian country study. Canberra: National Institute of Labour Studies Inc., Australian Government Publishing Service.
• Baruch, Y., Budhwar, P. S., and Khatri, N. (2007). Brain drain: Inclination to stay abroad after studies. Journal of World Business, 42(1), 99–112.
• Beneke, J. (2010). Marketing the institution to prospective students: A review of brand (reputation) management in higher education. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(1), 29–44.
• Bourke, A. (2000). A model of the determinants of international trade in higher education. The Service Industries Journal, 20(1), 110–138.
• Bratsberg, B. (1995). The incidence of non-return among foreign stu- dents in the United States. Economics of Education Review, 14(4), 373–384.
• Briggs, S. (2006). An exploratory study of the factors influencing under- graduate student choice: The case of higher education in Scotland. Studies in Higher Education, 36(1), 705–722.
• Carvalho, S. W., and Mota, M. D. (2010). The role of trust in creating value and student loyalty in relational exchanges between higher edu- cation institutions and their students. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 20(1), 145–165.
• C-BERT (2016). The Cross-Border Education Research Team. 2 Aralık 2016 tarihinde <http://www.globalhighered.org/?page_id=34/> adresin- den erişildi.
• Chapleo, C. (2005). Do universities have successful brands? International Journal of Educational Advancement, 6(1), 54–64.
• Czinkota, M. R. (2005). Loosening the shackles: The future of global higher education. Symposium on Cross-border Supply of Services. Genova: World Trade Organization.
• Eagle, L., and Brennan, R. (2007). Are students customers? TQM and marketing perspectives. Quality Assurance in Higher Education, 15(1), 44–60.
• Goodman, B., Jones, R., and Macias, M. S. (2007). An exploratory survey of Spanish and English nursing students’ views on studying or work- ing abroad. Nurse Education Today, 28(3), 378–384.
• Günay, D. (2006). Türkiye’nin üniversite sorunu. SOBE Sosyal Bilimler Evi Bilimsel Düşünce Dergisi, 3, 7–20.
• Harrison-Walker, L. J. (2009). Strategic positioning in the higher educa- tion. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 13(1), 103-111.
• Harzing, A.-W. (2004). Ideal jobs and international student mobility in the enlarged European Union. European Management Journal, 22(6), 693–703.
• Ivy, J. (2001). Higher education institution image: A correspondence analysis approach. International Journal of Educational Management, 15(6), 276–282.
• Kehm, B. M. (2005). The contribution of international student mobility to human development and global understanding. US-China Review, 2(1), 18–24.
• Marcottea, C., Desrochesb, J., and Poupart, I. (2007). Preparing interna- tionally minded business graduates: The role of international mobil- ity programs. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 31(6), 655–668.
• Mazzarol, T., and Soutar, G. N. (2002). “Push-pull” factors influencing international student destination choice. International Journal of Educational Management, 16(2), 82–90.
• Mehtap-Smadi, S., and Hashemipour, M. (2010). In pursuit of an inter- national education destination: Reflections from a university in a small island state. Journal of Studies in International Education, 15(5), 409–428.
• Naidoo, V. (2006). International education: A tertiary-level industry update. Journal of Research in International Education, 5(3), 323–345.
• OECD (2014). Education at a galance 2014: OECD indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing.
• Price, I., Matzdorf, F., Smith, L., and Agahi, H. (2003). The impact of facilities on student choice of university. Facilities, 21(10), 212–222.
• Sison, M. D., and Brennan, L. (2012). Students as global citizens: Strategies for mobilizing studies abroad. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 22(2), 167–181.
• Soo, K. T., and Elliott, C. (2010). Does price matter? Overseas students in UK higher education. Economics of Education Review, 29, 553–565.
• Townsend, P., and Poh, H. J. (2008). An exploratory study of interna- tional students studying and living in a regional area. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 18(2), 37–41
• UNESCO (1999–2012). UNESCO Institute for Statistics. 3 Mart 2015 tari- hinde <http://www.uis.unesco.org/DataCentre/Pages/BrowseEducation. aspx/> adresinden erişildi.
• YÖK (2013). Yüksek Öğretim Bilgi Yönetim Sistemi. 3 Mart 2015 tarihinde <https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/> adresinden erişildi.
• Zheng, P. (2014). Antecedents to international student inflows to UK higher education: A comparative analysis. Journal of Business Research, 67(2), 136–143.