Avrupa ülkeleri arasında akademik hareketlilik ve Türkiye

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 151 - 164, 01.12.2013

Gönül Oğuz

Öz

Bu çalışma Avrupa Birliği (AB) ve Türkiye arasındaki akademik dolaşımın ana öncülerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Erasmus programı yurtdışında eğitim vermek için yeni olanaklar sunmuştur. Akademik hareketlilik sadece 27 AB üyesi arasında değil AB üyesi olmayan ülkeler arasında da popüler bir gündemdir. Erasmus programının bir parçası olarak, akademik hareketlilik Türkiyenin AB ile entegrasyon sürecinin önemli bir unsurdur. Son yıllarda, bu hareketliliği güçlendirmek vazgeçilmez olmuştur. Programa katılan Türk öğretim üyesi sayısı sürekli artıyor olmasına rağmen, hareketlilik akımları ile ilgili veriler, ABden Türkiyeye akademik hareketliliğin düşük olduğunu göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla, AB akademisyenleri için Türk yükseköğretim kurumlarının çekiciliğini artırmak önemlidir. Çalışma AB ve Türkiye arasındaki akademik dolaşım anlamında neyin değişmekte olduğunu ve yıllar boyunca neyin değiştiğini ele almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği, hareketlilik, yükseköğretim kurumları.

Academic Mobility between European Union Countries and Turkey*

Öz

This study aims to analyze the main drivers for the academic mobility between the European Union (EU) and Turkey. The Erasmus programme of the EU has offered new possibilities to teach in abroad. Academic mobility is not only popular between the the EU-27 member states, but also non-EU member states. Academic mobility, as part of Erasmus programme, is a key element of Turkeys integration process with the EU. In recent years, it has become indispensable to reinforce mobility. Data on mobility flows show that, although the number of Turkish lecturers who participate in the programme has constantly been increasing, academic mobility from the EU to Turkey remains low. Therefore, it is important to increase the attractiveness of Turkish higher education institutions to the EU academics. The study considers what is changing in academic mobility between the EU and Turkey, and what has changed over the years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union, higher education institutions, mobility.

Kaynakça

• Atay, D. (2005). Reflections on the cultural dimension of language teach- ing. Language and Intercultural Communication, 5(3-4), 222-235.
• Bauer, T. K., and Zimmermann, K. F. (1999) Assessment of possible migration pressure and its labour market impact following EU enlargement to Central and Eastern Europe. IZA Research Report, No. 3, July.
• Baumgratz, G., and Show, G. (1993). Mobility in higher education: Cross-cultural communication issues. European Journal of Education, 28(3), 327-338.
• Bonin, H., Eichhorst, W., Florman, C., Hansen, M. O., Skiöld, L., Stuhler, J., Tatsiramos, K., Thomasen, H., and Zimmermann, K. F. (2008). Geographic mobility in the European Union: Optimising its eco- nomic and social benefits. European Commisson, DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, Contract VT/2006/0402, Final Report, April.
• Eurobarometer Survey 2005a. 64.1 Consortium “TNS Opinion & Social”.
• Eurobarometer Survey 2005b. 64.1 on Geographical and Labour Market Mobility.
• European Commission (2009). Report From the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Brussels, 21.9.2009 COM(2009) 487 Final.
• European Commission (2010a). Education and Training, Education and Culture DG.
• European Commission (2010b). Turkey, Progress Report, Commission Staff Working Document Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges 2010-2011 EN{COM(2010) 660}.
• European Commission (2010c). Fostering Internationalisation at European Universities, Erasmus Higher Education, Education Culture & DC, Lifelong Learning Programme Erasmus Success Stories Brochure 2010.
• European Commission (2010d). Scientific Report on the Mobility of Cross- Border Workers within the EU-27/EEA/EFTA Countries, DG Employment and Social Affairs, Survey on cross-border workers’ mobility.
• European Commission (2011). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on Strengthening Cooperation with Third Countries in the Field of Higher Education, Brussels, 18.7.2001 COM(2001) 385 Final.
• European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound) (2006). Analysis of Eurobarometer survey on geographical and labour market mobility in Europe. Accessed through <www.eurofound.europa.eu> on April 21st, 2011.
• Eurostat (2009). The Adult Education Survey (AES).
• Giddens, A. (1989). Sociology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
• Göğüş, Z. (2008). Corruption hurts Turkey most, EurActive. Today’s Zaman. Accessed through <http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/ corruption-hurts- turkey/article175213> on September 10th, 2008.
• Hallak, J., and Poisson, M. (2002). Ethics and corruption in education (Policy Forum No. 15). Results from the Expert Workshop held at the IIEP, Paris, France, 28-29 November, 2001. Paris: IIEP-UNESCO.
• Harris, J. R., and Todaro, M. P. (1970). Migration, unemployment and development: A two-sector analysis. The American Economic Review, 60(1), 126-142.
• Heinz, F. F., and Ward-Warmedinger, M. E. (2006). Cross-border labour mobility within an enlarge EU. European Central Bank, Occasional Paper Series, No.52.
• Hönekopp, E., and Werner, H. (2000). Is the EU’s labour market threat- ened by a way of immigration? Intereconomics, 35(1), 3-8.
• Ilgar, R. (2011). Geography education for sustainable education system under the influence of globalization. The case of Turkey. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(4): 192-200.
• Kurt, H. (2003). The quality in Turkey and employment. Journal of Employment, 41(9), 23-24.
• Lewthwaite, M. (1997). A study of international students’ perspectives on cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of the Advancement of Counselling, 19, 167-185.
• Mızıkacı, F. (2005). Prospects for European integration: Turkish Higher Education. Higher Education in Europe, 30(1), 67-79.
• Morgan, W. John., Sives, A., and Appleton, S. (2006). Teacher mobility, ‘brain drain’ labour markets and educational resources in the common- wealth. Educational Papers. London: Department for International Development.
• Nicholls, G. (2006). New lecturers’ constructions of learning, teaching and research in higher education. Comparative Education, 42(1), 77- 91.
• Olasehinde-Williams, O. (2005). Instituting academic integrity climate in Nigerian universities: Psychological perspectives of morality and motivation. Journal of Sociology in Africa, 4(2), 152-166.
• Ozmusul, M. (2012). Developments in Turkish Education System towards international dimension. International Journal of Social Science & Education 2012, 2(3), 345-362.
• Scarino, A., Crichton, J., and Woods, M. (2007). The role of language and culture in open learning in international collaborative pro- grammes. Open Learning, 22(3), 219-233.
• Sjaastad, L. A. (1962). The costs and returns of human migration. Journal of Political Economy, 70(5 Pt 2), 80-93.
• Taşpınar, M. (2006). Restructuring the Turkish Vocational Technical Secondary Education System towards EU membership. International Journal of Raining Research, 4(2), 72-91.
• Turkish Economic Policies Research Foundation (2011). Industry is shift- ing from west to east. Ankara: TEPAV. Accessed through <http://www. tepav.org.tr/tr/haberler/s/2064> on April 21st, 2011.