Bulgaristan Üniversitelerinde girişimcilik eğitiminin metodolojik sorunları*

Year 2012, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 73 - 79, 01.08.2012

Emil Papazov Lyudmila Mihaylova

Abstract

Bir eğitim kavramı olarak girişimcilik birçok dengesizlikle nitelendirilmektedir ve bunlardan biri de, sunulan ders başlıklarıyla ilişkilidir. Girişimcinin kim olduğu, sosyal ve psikolojik profilinin neye benzediği, girişimcilerin neler yaptığı ve nelerden hoşlandığı gibi soruların cevabı üzerinde odaklanılmaktadır, bir şeyleri yapma yöntemlerine daha az dikkat edilmektedir. Eğitim alanlara sunulan gereçler sıklıkla, bu tür bilgilerin küçük veya orta büyüklükteki bir şirkete uygulanmasının zor olduğu gerçeği dikkate alınmaksızın, doğrudan yönetim teorisinden ve büyük şirketlerin uygulamasından alınmaktadır. Olgu çalışması yönteminin daha geniş bir uygulaması, girişimcilik eğitimi için daha geniş bir metodolojik temelin eksikliğini telafi etmez. Girişimcilik eğitimine ilişkin metodoloji, belirli ülkelerdeki eğitim süreci ve girişimcilik uygulamasının özellikleri de göz önüne alınarak ya girişimcilik fırsatlarının tespiti ve bunlardan istifa edilmesi için yeni bir metodolojik araç geliştirme temelinde ya da büyük şirketler tarafından kullanılan yöntemlerin benimsenmesiyle oluşturulabilir. Bu çalışma, Bulgaristandaki girişimci topluluğun belirlenen sorunlu alanlarının yanı sıra yükseköğretimin özelliklerinden bazıları ile ilişkilendirerek ülkedeki girişimcilik eğitimi metodolojisini benimseme çabalarını özetlemektedir. Yazı ayrıca, Bulgaristandaki girişimcilik eğitimi için metodolojik temeli geliştirmeye yönelik öneriler de sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Ders içeriği, eğitim, girişimcilik, metodoloji.

Methodological Problems of Entrepreneurship Education in Bulgarian Universities*

Abstract

As an educational concept entrepreneurship is characterized by lots of imbalances. One of them is related to the offered course topics. Efforts are focused on answering questions like who is an entrepreneur, how his or her social and psychological profile looks like, what entrepreneurs do and the like. Less attention is paid to ways of doing things. Often, the tools presented to the trainees are brought in directly from the management theory and practice of large companies, without taking into account the fact that such knowledge is difficult to implement in a small or medium-sized company. A wider application of the case study method cannot compensate for the lack of a broader methodological basis for entrepreneurial training. The methodology associated with entrepreneurship education can be formed either on the basis of developing a new methodological apparatus for detection and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities, or through adapting of methods used by large companies, taking into account the particularities of the educational process and entrepreneurial practice in specific countries. This paper summarizes the attempts to adapt the methodology of entrepreneurial training in Bulgaria linking it to some of the features of higher education as well as with the established problem areas of the entrepreneurial community in the country. The paper also offers guidelines for improving the methodological basis for entrepreneurial training in Bulgaria.

Keywords

Course content, education, entrepreneurship, methodology.

References

• Bilgiç, H. G., Doğan D., Seferoğlu, S. S. (2011). Current situation of online learning in Turkish higher education institutions: Needs, problems, and possible solutions. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 1(2), 80-87.
• Das, M. (2001). Women entrepreneurs from India: Problems, motivations and success factors. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 15(4), 67-81.
• EFMD (2009). Quality of entrepreneurship programmes in Europe. How higher education institutions in Europe deal with the quality assurance of their entre- preneurship programmes? Case studies. Barcelona: European Foundation for Management Development.
• EFMD (2008). Quality of entrepreneurship programmes in Europe. Best practices & pedagogical methods in entrepreneurship education in Europe. Barcelona: European Foundation for Management Development.
• European Commission. (2008). Entrepreneurship in higher education, especial- ly within non-business studies. Final Report of the Expert Group, European Commission, Final Version, March 2008.
• Fayolle, A., and Klandt, H. (Eds.). (2006). International entrepreneurship edu- cation: issues and newness. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
• Fayolle, A., and Lassas-Clerc, N. (2006). Essay on the nature of entrepreneur- ship education. Paper presented to International Conference "Entrepreneurship in United Europe" – Challenges and Opportunities, 13 – 17 September 2006, Sunny Beach, Burgas, Bulgaria.
• Kuratko, D. (2009). Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, practice (8th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
• Manager Journal. (2003, Issue 2, February).
• Milev, S. (2010). Strategic decisions for cluster-based innovative industrial devel- opment (the case of the Bulgarian knitwear industry). Doctoral dissertation, University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev”.
• Ministry of Education, Youth and Science – Bulgaria (2011). Registers. Accessed through <http://www.minedu.government.bg/left_menu/reg- isters/vishe/registar.html> on March 25th, 2011.
• Papazov, E., and Mihaylova, L. (2008). Using benchmarking for strategic analyses in SMEs. Proceeding of International Scientific Conference: “The European Entrepreneurship in the Globalizing Economy – Challenges and Opportunities”, 9-12 September 2008, Sunny Day, Varna, Bulgaria.
• Papazov, E., and Mihaylova, L. (2009). Adapting the growth-share model for planning purposes in SMEs. The Annals of “Eftimie Murgu” University - Fascicle Economic Studies, (1), 268-276.
• Papazov, E., and Mihaylova, L. (2010a). Provision of information for strate- gic planning purposes in Bulgarian SMEs. Review of International Comparative Management, 11(4), 575-581.
• Papazov, E., and Mihaylova, L. (2010b). Using systematic planning tools for strategy rethinking of SMEs in hard times. Proceeding of International Scientific Conference “European Entrepreneurship as an Engine for Post-Crisis Development – Challenges and Opportunities”, 8-10 September 2010, Borovets, Bulgaria.
• Papazov, E., and Mihaylova, L. (2011). The outsourcing as a strategic decision in SMEs. Zbornik radova. Šesta majska konferencija o strategijskom menadžmentu – Kladovo, Srbija, Univerzitet u Beograd.
• Pfeifer, S., Peterka, S. O., and Jeger, M. (2008). Assessing entrepreneurship education programmes in Croatian higher education area. ERENET Profile, III(3), 25-35. Accessed through <http://www.erenet.org/publi- cations/profile11.pdf> on March 25th, 2011.
• Peña, V., Transue, M., Riggieri, A., Shipp, S., and Van Atta, R. (2010). A survey of entrepreneurship education initiatives. Washington DC, WA: Science&Technology Policy Institute.
• Project STARTENT (2010). Fostering business-university partnerships for entrepreneurship education in Europe. Accessed through <http://www.star- tent.eu/> on April 28th, 2010.
• Second Bologna Policy Forum Statement (2010). Vienna, 12 March 2010. Accessed through <http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/ bologna/forum2010/Vienna_BPF_Statement.pdf> on March 30th, 2011.
• Solomon, G. (2008). USASBE – White Paper Series: Are we teaching small business management to entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship to small business managers? The George Washington University, Department of Management, Centre for Entrepreneurial Excellence. Accessed through <www.usasbe.org/> on March 26th, 2008.
• Todorov, K. (2001). Strategic management in small and medium-sized firms: Theory and practice. (Volume I & II). Sofia: Ciela Soft and Publishing.
• Todorov, K. (2008). “The role and activities of BAMDE in supporting the growth of SMEs in Bulgaria. Presentation to 35th International Small Business Congress, 4-6 November 2008, Belfast, N. Ireland.
• Todorov, K., Kolarov, K., Kereziev, I., and Ruychev S. (2004). Dynamic entrepreneurs in Bulgaria: State, tendencies, needs, education. Sofia: Publisher UNWE.