Student-President Reverse Mentoring at Universities: Maltepe University Case
Year 2018,
Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 346 - 356, 24.12.2018
Şafak Gündüz
,
Belma Akşit
Abstract
Mentoring is a de rigueur concept, which has been widely practiced in organizations for a long time, and has also been observed in academic milieus in the form of one student helping another and an academician giving a hand to a colleague. Reverse mentoring, a new twist on this familiar concept, also has a long history and has been used in higher education as well. Academicians' empowering students as their reverse mentors is no longer a myth. How does a university president's benefiting from students as her/his reverse mentors sound? This paper aims to present a case study by exploring Maltepe University's experiences, whose president has delegated some students as his reverse mentors. The conceptualization through the findings has revealed the significance of such a mentoring system from which all higher education institutions can benefit. The findings of this case study demonstrate how reverse mentoring can clear up negative stereotyping in academia.
References
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- Augustiniene, A., & Ciuciulkiene, N. (2013). Reverse mentoring as facilitating factor for the development of a beginning teacher’s self-authorship process. Social Science, 3(81), 73–84.
- Baily, C. (2009). Reverse integrational learning: A missed opportunity? AI & Society: Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Communication, 23(1), 111– 115.
- Balen, B., Arensbergen, P., Weijden, I., & Besselear, P. (2012). Determimant of success in academic careers. Higher Education Policy, 25(3), 313–334.
- Barbour, M. K., Thomas, A., & Ritter, J. (2006). Mentoring student teachers from a distance: An action research project. The Journal of the Wisconsin Council for the Social Studies, 6(2), 42–46.
- Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative case study methodology: Study design and implementation for novice researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544–559.
- Behrens, W. (2009). Managing millennials. Marketing Health Services, 29(1), 19–21.
- Biss, J. L., & DuFrene, D. D. (2006). An examination of reverse mentoring in the workplace. Business Education Digest, 15, 30–41.
- Bevan, C. (2016). Increasing brand value with social media. Visibility. Accessed through <http://www.visibilitymagazine.com/increasing-brand-value-social-media> on December 27th, 2016.
- Buahene, A. K., & Kovary, G. (2009). Reversing the roles: Why GenYs can make great mentors. Canadian HR Reporter, 4.
- Burke, K. M. (2008). Leadership as service: A new model for higher education in a new century. Higher Education Policy, 21(3), 425–428.
- Chaudruhi, S., & Ghosh, R. (2012). Reverse mentoring a social exchange tool for keeping boomers engaged and millennials committed. Human Resource Development Review, 11(1), 55–76.
- Chen, Y. (2013). Effect of reverse mentoring on traditional mentoring functions. Leadership Manage, 13(3), 199–208.
- Chen, Y. (2014). Examining traditional mentoring functioning scale considering reverse mentoring and the work characteristics of millennials. Inderscience, 14(3), 205–219.
- Christie, A. A., Naish, V., Kelter, J., Jayme, P., Pearman, C., Wycoff, W., & Gender, J. (2004). Scaffolding graduate students’ learning through collaboration with Gen Y students. Accessed through <http://www.alicechristie.org/pubs/Christie-Scaffolding.pdf> on November 23rd, 2016.
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- Cook, K. S., & Rice, E. (2006). Social exchange theory. In J. DeLamater (Ed.), The handbook of social psychology (pp. 53–76). New York, NY: Springer.
- Cotugna, N., Vickery, C., & Fada, R. D. (1998). Reverse mentoring: A twist to teaching technology. Research and Professional Briefs, 98(10), 1166–1168.
- Çelik, S. (2011). Mentoring implementation in librarian education: The Doğuş University library example. Bilgi Dünyası, 12(2), 295–318.
- Dalton, C. M. (2005). Human resource management in a global environment: Keys for personal and organizational success: An interview with Eliza Hermann. Business Horizons, 48(3), 193–198.
- Darwin, A., & Palmer, E. (2007). Mentoring circles in higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 28(2), 125–136.
- de Vries, J. (2011). Mentoring for change. Melbourne, Victoria: LH Martin Institute for Higher Education Leadership and Management.
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- Ensher, E. A., & Murphy, S. R. (2007). E-mentoring: Next generation research strategies and suggestions. In B. R. Ragins, & K. E. Kram, (Eds.). The handbook of mentoring at work. Theory, research, and practice (pp. 299–322). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Evans, J., Goossens, Y., & Jefferie, A. (2009). The student-staff mentoring project at the University of Hertfordshire. Accessed through <http://uhra.herts.ac.uk/handle/2299/619> on June 19th, 2016.
- Feldman, D. C., & Bolino, M. C. (1999). The Impact of on-site mentoring on expatriate socialization: A structural equation modelling approach. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10(1), 54–71.
- Flyvbjerg, B. (2004). Five misunderstandings about case-study research, qualitative research practice. In C. Seale, G. Gobo, J. F. Gubrium, &.
- D. Silverman (Eds.), Qualitative research practice (pp. 390–403). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Flyvbjerg, B. (2011). Case study. In N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 301–316) (4th ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Fruchter, R., & Lewis, S. (2000). Mentoring and reverse mentoring in P5Bl. Stanford, CA: Stanford University,
- Goldhill, O. (2016). Young female employees are coaching senior executives on sexism in ‘reverse mentoring’ schemes. Quartz. Accessed through <https://qz.com/668536/young-female-employees-are-coaching-senior-executives-on-sexism-in-reverse-mentoring-schemes/> on March 24th, 2017.
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- Green, D. D., & Roberts, G. E. (2012). Impact of postmodernism on public sector leadership practices: Federal government human capital development implications. Public Personnel Management, 41(1), 16–24.
- Hamilton, B. A, & Scandura, T. A. (2003). E-mentoring: Implications for organizational learning and development in a wired world. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 388–402.
- HRdergi (2016). Accessed through <http://www.hrdergi.com> on March 20th, 2016.
- Harnish, D., & Wild, L. A. (1993) Peer mentoring in higher education: A professional development strategy for faculty. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 17(3), 271–282.
- Harvey, M., & Buckley, M. R. (2002). Assessing the “conventional wisdoms” of management for the 21st century. Organizational Dynamics, 30(4), 368–378.
- Harvey, M., McIntyne, N., Heames, J. T., & Moeller, M. (2009) Mentoring global female managers in the global marketplace: Traditional, reverse, and reciprocal mentoring. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(6), 1344–1361.
- Hürriyet (2014). Gençler yöneticilere mentorluk yapıyor. Accessed through <http://www.hurriyet.com.tr> on April 20th, 2017.
- Jones, R., & Brown, D. (2011). The mentoring relationship as a complex adaptive system: Finding a model for our experience. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 19(4), 401–418.
- Keener, M., Johnson, V., & Collins, B. L. (2012). College & research libraries in-house collaborative mentoring. Accessed through <https://wakespace.lib.wfu.edu> on April 25th, 2017.
- Kirk, J. J., & Olinger, J. (2003). From traditional to virtual mentoring. Cullowhee, NC: Western Carolina University. Accessed through <http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED475467.pdf> on June 1st, 2016.
- Lunenburg, F. (2010). Leader-member exchange theory: Another perspective on the leadership process. International Journal of Management, Business and Administration, 13(1), 1–5.
- Meister, J. C., & Willyer, K. (2010). Mentoring millenials. Harward Business Review. Accessed through <https://hbr.org/2010/05/mentoring-millennials> on April 20th, 2017.
- Meyer, L. H., & Evans, I. M. (2005). Supporting academic staff: Meeting new expectations in higher education without compromising traditional faculty values. Higher Education Policy, 8(3), 243–255.
- Moon, T. M. (2014). Mentoring the next generation for innovation in today’s organization. Journal of Strategic Leadership, 5(1), 23–35.
- Murphy, W. M. (2012). Reverse mentoring at work: Fostering cross-generational learning and developing millennial leaders. Human Resources Management, 51(4), 549–574.
- Neuman, W. L. (2013). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. London: Pearson.
- Oxford Learning Institute (2016). Guidance on setting up a mentoring scheme. Accessed through <https://www.learning.ox.ac.uk/media/global/wwwadminoxacuk/localsites/oxfordlearninginstitute/documents/supportresources/Guidanceonsettingupamentoringscheme.pdf> on May 25th, 2017.
- Piasecki, L. K. (2011). Making a mentoring relationship work: What is required for organizational success. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 12(1), 46–56.
- Pershing, J. A. (2006). Handbook of human performance technology (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer/Wiley.
- Pijpers, G. G. M., Bemelmans, T. M. A., Heemstra, F. J., & van Montford, K. A. G. M. (2001). Senior executives’ use of information technology. Information and Software Technology, 43(15), 959–971.
- Power, R. L. (2013). Leader-member exchange theory in higher and distance education. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14(4), 277–284.
- Racz, I. (2013). Mentoring role in talent management projects. Accessed through <https://relik.vse.cz/static/2013/sbornik/download/pdf/99-Racz-Irma-paper.pdf> on October 16th, 2017.
- Rosa, N. B., & Hastings, S. O. (2015). ‘Texting in their pockets’: Millennials and rule violations in the hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 29(1), 33–40.
- Shupe, E. I., & Pung, S. K. (2011). Understanding the changing role of academic librarians from a psychological perspective: A literature review. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 37(5), 409–415.
- Shuttleworth, M. (2008). Case study research design. Accessed through <https://explorable.com/case-study research-design> on May 15th, 2017.
- Simons, H. (2009). Case study research in practice. London: Sage.
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- Starman, A. B. (2013). The case study as a type of qualitative research. Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies, 1/2013, 28–43.
- Sturman, A. (1997). Case study methods. In J. P. Keeves (Ed), Educational research, methodology and measurement: An international handbook (pp. 61–66) (2nd ed.). Oxford: Pergamon.
- Swanson, D. J. (2011). The student-run public relations firm in an undergraduate program: Reaching learning and professional development goals thorugh ‘real world’ experience. Public Relations Review, 37(5), 499–505.
- Swap, W., D., Leonard, M., & Anrams, L. (2001). Using mentoring and storytelling to transfer knowledge in the workplace. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 95–114.
- Thomas, G. (2011). A typology for the case study in social science following a review of definition, discourse and structure. Qualitative Inquiry, 17(6), 511–521.
- Truckenbrodt, Y. (2000). The relationship between leader-member exchange and commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Acquisition Review Quarterly, 2000 (Summer), 233–244.
- Van Rosmalen, P, Sloep, P., Kester, L., Brouns, F., de Croock, M., Pannekeet, K., & Koper, R. (2008). A learner support model based on peer mentor selection. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 24(1), 74–86.
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Üniversitelerde öğrenci-rektör ters mentörlüğü: Maltepe Üniversitesi örneği
Year 2018,
Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 346 - 356, 24.12.2018
Şafak Gündüz
,
Belma Akşit
Abstract
Son yıllarda, yükseköğretim kurumları tarafından sunulan hizmetlerin kalitesi, hem araştırmacılar hem de politika yapıcılar tarafından yoğun bir şekilde tartışılmaktadır. Şüphesiz, mezun olunan okul ile mezunlar arasında güçlü ve yaşam boyu süren bir ilişki, yükseköğretim kurumlarının kalitesinin temel göstergelerinden biridir. Bu çalışma dünyadaki en iyi üniversiteler tarafından mezunlarıyla yaşam boyu süren bir ilişki kurmak için kullanılan araç ve metotları incelemektedir. Çalışmada yapılan ankette mezunlarla iletişim kurmak için kullanılan kanallar, üniversiteler tarafından mezunlara sunulan hizmetler ve mezunların üniversitelerine hangi yollarla katkı yaptıklarına ilişkin sorular yer almaktadır. Anket, Times Higher Education tarafından yapılan 2016-2017 Dünya Üniversiteler Sıralamasındaki en iyi 200 üniversiteye gönderilmiş ve böylece en iyi uygulamaların belirlenmesine çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın literatüre ana katkısı, üniversiteler ile mezunlar arasındaki ilişkiye yönelik en iyi uygulamaların temel unsurlarını açıklamak ve bu ilişkinin iyileştirilebilmesi için uygulanabilecek politika önerileri sunmaktır.
References
- Alson, G. D. (2014). Cross-cultural mentoring relationships in higher education: A feminist grounded theory study. PhD dissertation, Texas State University, Texas, OH, USA.
- Anderson, H. J., Baur, J. E., Baur, J. E., Griffith, J. A., & Buckley, M. R. (2017). What works for you may not work for (Gen) me: Limitations of present leadership theories for the new generation. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), 245–260.
- Augustiniene, A., & Ciuciulkiene, N. (2013). Reverse mentoring as facilitating factor for the development of a beginning teacher’s self-authorship process. Social Science, 3(81), 73–84.
- Baily, C. (2009). Reverse integrational learning: A missed opportunity? AI & Society: Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Communication, 23(1), 111– 115.
- Balen, B., Arensbergen, P., Weijden, I., & Besselear, P. (2012). Determimant of success in academic careers. Higher Education Policy, 25(3), 313–334.
- Barbour, M. K., Thomas, A., & Ritter, J. (2006). Mentoring student teachers from a distance: An action research project. The Journal of the Wisconsin Council for the Social Studies, 6(2), 42–46.
- Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative case study methodology: Study design and implementation for novice researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544–559.
- Behrens, W. (2009). Managing millennials. Marketing Health Services, 29(1), 19–21.
- Biss, J. L., & DuFrene, D. D. (2006). An examination of reverse mentoring in the workplace. Business Education Digest, 15, 30–41.
- Bevan, C. (2016). Increasing brand value with social media. Visibility. Accessed through <http://www.visibilitymagazine.com/increasing-brand-value-social-media> on December 27th, 2016.
- Buahene, A. K., & Kovary, G. (2009). Reversing the roles: Why GenYs can make great mentors. Canadian HR Reporter, 4.
- Burke, K. M. (2008). Leadership as service: A new model for higher education in a new century. Higher Education Policy, 21(3), 425–428.
- Chaudruhi, S., & Ghosh, R. (2012). Reverse mentoring a social exchange tool for keeping boomers engaged and millennials committed. Human Resource Development Review, 11(1), 55–76.
- Chen, Y. (2013). Effect of reverse mentoring on traditional mentoring functions. Leadership Manage, 13(3), 199–208.
- Chen, Y. (2014). Examining traditional mentoring functioning scale considering reverse mentoring and the work characteristics of millennials. Inderscience, 14(3), 205–219.
- Christie, A. A., Naish, V., Kelter, J., Jayme, P., Pearman, C., Wycoff, W., & Gender, J. (2004). Scaffolding graduate students’ learning through collaboration with Gen Y students. Accessed through <http://www.alicechristie.org/pubs/Christie-Scaffolding.pdf> on November 23rd, 2016.
- Colley, H. (2000). Exploring myths of mentor: A rough guide to the history of mentoring from Marxist feminist perspective. Accessed through <www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents> on November 23rd, 2016.
- Cook, K. S., & Rice, E. (2006). Social exchange theory. In J. DeLamater (Ed.), The handbook of social psychology (pp. 53–76). New York, NY: Springer.
- Cotugna, N., Vickery, C., & Fada, R. D. (1998). Reverse mentoring: A twist to teaching technology. Research and Professional Briefs, 98(10), 1166–1168.
- Çelik, S. (2011). Mentoring implementation in librarian education: The Doğuş University library example. Bilgi Dünyası, 12(2), 295–318.
- Dalton, C. M. (2005). Human resource management in a global environment: Keys for personal and organizational success: An interview with Eliza Hermann. Business Horizons, 48(3), 193–198.
- Darwin, A., & Palmer, E. (2007). Mentoring circles in higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 28(2), 125–136.
- de Vries, J. (2011). Mentoring for change. Melbourne, Victoria: LH Martin Institute for Higher Education Leadership and Management.
- Ekonomist (2016). Accessed through <http://www.ekonomist.com.tr> on March 21st, 2016.
- Emelo, N. (2012) Bridging the competency divide. Accessed through <www.riversoftware.com> on January 12th, 2017.
- Emory University (2016). Accessed through<http://www.learningservices.emory.edu> on July 20th, 2016.
- Ensher, E. A., & Murphy, S. (2005). Power mentoring. Business Book Review, 23(4), 1–11.
- Ensher, E. A., & Murphy, S. R. (2007). E-mentoring: Next generation research strategies and suggestions. In B. R. Ragins, & K. E. Kram, (Eds.). The handbook of mentoring at work. Theory, research, and practice (pp. 299–322). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Evans, J., Goossens, Y., & Jefferie, A. (2009). The student-staff mentoring project at the University of Hertfordshire. Accessed through <http://uhra.herts.ac.uk/handle/2299/619> on June 19th, 2016.
- Feldman, D. C., & Bolino, M. C. (1999). The Impact of on-site mentoring on expatriate socialization: A structural equation modelling approach. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10(1), 54–71.
- Flyvbjerg, B. (2004). Five misunderstandings about case-study research, qualitative research practice. In C. Seale, G. Gobo, J. F. Gubrium, &.
- D. Silverman (Eds.), Qualitative research practice (pp. 390–403). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Flyvbjerg, B. (2011). Case study. In N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 301–316) (4th ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Fruchter, R., & Lewis, S. (2000). Mentoring and reverse mentoring in P5Bl. Stanford, CA: Stanford University,
- Goldhill, O. (2016). Young female employees are coaching senior executives on sexism in ‘reverse mentoring’ schemes. Quartz. Accessed through <https://qz.com/668536/young-female-employees-are-coaching-senior-executives-on-sexism-in-reverse-mentoring-schemes/> on March 24th, 2017.
- Goodman, N. R. (1994). Intercultural education at the university level: Teacher-student interaction. In R. W. Brislin, & T. Yoshida (Eds), Improving intercultural interactions: Modules for cross-cultural training programs (pp. 129–147). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Green, D. D., & Roberts, G. E. (2012). Impact of postmodernism on public sector leadership practices: Federal government human capital development implications. Public Personnel Management, 41(1), 16–24.
- Hamilton, B. A, & Scandura, T. A. (2003). E-mentoring: Implications for organizational learning and development in a wired world. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 388–402.
- HRdergi (2016). Accessed through <http://www.hrdergi.com> on March 20th, 2016.
- Harnish, D., & Wild, L. A. (1993) Peer mentoring in higher education: A professional development strategy for faculty. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 17(3), 271–282.
- Harvey, M., & Buckley, M. R. (2002). Assessing the “conventional wisdoms” of management for the 21st century. Organizational Dynamics, 30(4), 368–378.
- Harvey, M., McIntyne, N., Heames, J. T., & Moeller, M. (2009) Mentoring global female managers in the global marketplace: Traditional, reverse, and reciprocal mentoring. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(6), 1344–1361.
- Hürriyet (2014). Gençler yöneticilere mentorluk yapıyor. Accessed through <http://www.hurriyet.com.tr> on April 20th, 2017.
- Jones, R., & Brown, D. (2011). The mentoring relationship as a complex adaptive system: Finding a model for our experience. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 19(4), 401–418.
- Keener, M., Johnson, V., & Collins, B. L. (2012). College & research libraries in-house collaborative mentoring. Accessed through <https://wakespace.lib.wfu.edu> on April 25th, 2017.
- Kirk, J. J., & Olinger, J. (2003). From traditional to virtual mentoring. Cullowhee, NC: Western Carolina University. Accessed through <http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED475467.pdf> on June 1st, 2016.
- Lunenburg, F. (2010). Leader-member exchange theory: Another perspective on the leadership process. International Journal of Management, Business and Administration, 13(1), 1–5.
- Meister, J. C., & Willyer, K. (2010). Mentoring millenials. Harward Business Review. Accessed through <https://hbr.org/2010/05/mentoring-millennials> on April 20th, 2017.
- Meyer, L. H., & Evans, I. M. (2005). Supporting academic staff: Meeting new expectations in higher education without compromising traditional faculty values. Higher Education Policy, 8(3), 243–255.
- Moon, T. M. (2014). Mentoring the next generation for innovation in today’s organization. Journal of Strategic Leadership, 5(1), 23–35.
- Murphy, W. M. (2012). Reverse mentoring at work: Fostering cross-generational learning and developing millennial leaders. Human Resources Management, 51(4), 549–574.
- Neuman, W. L. (2013). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. London: Pearson.
- Oxford Learning Institute (2016). Guidance on setting up a mentoring scheme. Accessed through <https://www.learning.ox.ac.uk/media/global/wwwadminoxacuk/localsites/oxfordlearninginstitute/documents/supportresources/Guidanceonsettingupamentoringscheme.pdf> on May 25th, 2017.
- Piasecki, L. K. (2011). Making a mentoring relationship work: What is required for organizational success. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 12(1), 46–56.
- Pershing, J. A. (2006). Handbook of human performance technology (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer/Wiley.
- Pijpers, G. G. M., Bemelmans, T. M. A., Heemstra, F. J., & van Montford, K. A. G. M. (2001). Senior executives’ use of information technology. Information and Software Technology, 43(15), 959–971.
- Power, R. L. (2013). Leader-member exchange theory in higher and distance education. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14(4), 277–284.
- Racz, I. (2013). Mentoring role in talent management projects. Accessed through <https://relik.vse.cz/static/2013/sbornik/download/pdf/99-Racz-Irma-paper.pdf> on October 16th, 2017.
- Rosa, N. B., & Hastings, S. O. (2015). ‘Texting in their pockets’: Millennials and rule violations in the hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 29(1), 33–40.
- Shupe, E. I., & Pung, S. K. (2011). Understanding the changing role of academic librarians from a psychological perspective: A literature review. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 37(5), 409–415.
- Shuttleworth, M. (2008). Case study research design. Accessed through <https://explorable.com/case-study research-design> on May 15th, 2017.
- Simons, H. (2009). Case study research in practice. London: Sage.
- Srinivasan, V. (2012). Multi generations in the workforce: Building collaboration. IIBM Management Review, 24(1), 95–114.
- Stake, R. E. (2005). Qualitative case studies. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (pp. 443–466) (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Starman, A. B. (2013). The case study as a type of qualitative research. Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies, 1/2013, 28–43.
- Sturman, A. (1997). Case study methods. In J. P. Keeves (Ed), Educational research, methodology and measurement: An international handbook (pp. 61–66) (2nd ed.). Oxford: Pergamon.
- Swanson, D. J. (2011). The student-run public relations firm in an undergraduate program: Reaching learning and professional development goals thorugh ‘real world’ experience. Public Relations Review, 37(5), 499–505.
- Swap, W., D., Leonard, M., & Anrams, L. (2001). Using mentoring and storytelling to transfer knowledge in the workplace. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 95–114.
- Thomas, G. (2011). A typology for the case study in social science following a review of definition, discourse and structure. Qualitative Inquiry, 17(6), 511–521.
- Truckenbrodt, Y. (2000). The relationship between leader-member exchange and commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Acquisition Review Quarterly, 2000 (Summer), 233–244.
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