Internationalized Academics in Argentina: A Privilege or an Option?
Year 2022,
Volume: 12 Issue: Supplement, 1 - 13, 30.11.2022
Mónica Marquına
Nicolás Reznık
Abstract
Internationalization, as part of a public policy agenda for universities, is relatively new in Argentina. Policies oriented toward internationalization have been scarce and have depended on financial opportunities from developed countries. Since academics are key actors in the development of internationalization, and the academic profession in Argentina is heterogeneous and fragmented, the extent to which recent internationalization policies on higher education might impact on the international level of Argentine academic activity is still unknown. This article delves into the questions of whether being international today is either an option or a privilege for Argentine academics, and how this condition determines their perception of the value of internationalization at the institutions where they work, given their central role at the university. To do this, we have relied on the 2018 Academic Profession in the Knowledge-based Society (APIKS) survey to analyze the level of academic internationalization in Argentina in relation to personal and professional qualities. We, therefore, examine our questions aiming toward the creation of favorable academic environments for institutional internationalization. Our findings could be helpful in thinking up a comprehensive change for institutional internationalization and, therefore, institutional quality.
Supporting Institution
National Agency of Promotion of Science & Tecnology, Argentina
Thanks
The research in this article was supported in Argentina by the National Agency of Promotion of Science & Tecnology, Project PICT N° 2017–2110 “The Argentinian Academic Profession in the Knowledge Society”.
References
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- Altbach, P. (2004). Centros y periferias en la profesión académica: Los retos particulares que enfrentan los países en desarrollo. In P. Altbach (Ed.), El ocaso del gurú. La profesión académica en el tercer mundo (pp. 15–41). Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.
- Altbach, P., Reisberg, L., & Rumbley, L. E. (2009). Trends in global higher education: Tracking an academic revolution. A report prepared for the UNESCO 2009 World Conference on Higher Education. Paris: UNESCO.
- Clark, B. R. (1980). Academic culture. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED187186.pdf (March 28, 2021).
- Clark, B. R. (1987). The academic life: Small worlds, different worlds. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Coates, H., Dobson, I., & Goedegebuure, L. (2013). The international dimension of teaching and learning. In F. Huang, M. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The internationalisation of the academy: Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 105–118). Dordrecht: Springer.
- de Wit, H., & Altbach, P. (2021). Internationalization in higher education: Global trends and recommendations for its future. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 5(1), 28–46.
- de Wit, H., Hunter, F., Howard, L., & Egron-Polak, E. (2015). Internationalisation of higher education. Brussels: European Parliament.
- Didou Aupetit, S. (2006). Internacionalización de la educación superior y provisión transnacional de servicios educativos en América Latina. Informe sobre la educación superior en América Latina y el Caribe, 2000–2005. La metamorfosis de la educación superior. Caracas: IESALC.
- El-Khawas, E. (2002). Developing an academic career in a globalising worlds. In J. Enders, & O. Fulton (Eds.), Higher education in a globalising world: International trends and mutual observations (pp. 241–254). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Enders, J. (2004). Higher education, internationalisation, and the nation-state: Recent developments and challenges to governance theory. Higher Education, 47(3), 361–382.
- Finkelstein, M., & Sethi, W. (2014). Patterns of faculty internationalization: A predictive model. In F. Huang, M. J. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The internationalization of the academy: Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 237–257). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Finkelstein, M., Walker, E., & Chen, R. (2009). The internationalization of the American faculty: Where are we, what drives or deters us? In R. Chen, & RIHE (Eds.), The changing academic profession over 1992–2007: International, comparative and quantitative perspectives. RIHE international seminar report 13 (pp. 113–144). Hiroshima: RIHE, Hiroshima University.
- Fox, M. F., Realff, M. L., Rueda, D. R., & Morn, J. (2016). International research collaboration among women engineers: Frequency and perceived barriers, by regions. Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(6), 1292–1306.
- Huang, F. (2007). Challenges of internationalization of higher education and changes in the academic profession: A perspective from Japan. In M. Kogan, & U. Teichler (Eds.), UNESCO forum on higher education research and knowledge (pp. 81–98). Kassel: International Centre for Higher Education Research Kassel, INCHER-Kassel.
- Knight, J. (2005). Un modelo de internacionalización: Respuesta a nuevas realidades y retos. In H. de Wit, I. C. Jaramillo, J. Gacel-Avila, & J. Knight (Eds.), Educación superior en América Latina. La dimensión internacional (pp. 1–38). Washington, DC: World Bank.
- Knight, J. (2020). The internationalization of higher education scrutinized: International program and provider mobility. Sociologias, 22(54), 176–199.
- Kwiek, M. (2016). The European research elite: A cross-national study of highly productive academics across 11 European systems. Higher Education, 71(3), 379–397.
- Kwiek, M. (2020). Internationalists and locals: International research collaboration in a resource-poor system. Scientometrics, 124(1), 57–105.
Kyvik, S., & Aksnes, D. W. (2015). Explaining the increase in publication productivity among academic staff: A generational perspective. Studies in Higher Education, 40(8), 1438–1453.
- Kyvik, S., & Larsen, I. M. (1997). The exchange of knowledge. A small country in the international research community. Science Communication, 18(3), 238–264.
- Li, B., & Tu, Y. (2016). Motivations of faculty engagement in internationalization: A survey in China. Higher Education, 71(1), 81–96.
- Marquina, M. (2020). Entre ser “técnico”, “académico” o “político” en la universidad. Los nuevos roles de gestión en las universidades argentinas. RELAPAE/Revista Latinoamericana de Política y Administración de la Educación, 12(7), 82–96.
- Marquina, M., & Luchilo, L. (2021). University, research, and innovation in Argentina: A winding road to the knowledge society. In T. Aarrevaara, M. L. Finkelstein, G. A. Jones, & J. Jung (Eds.), Universities and the knowledge society: The emerging nexus of national systems of innovation and higher education in fifteen countries (pp. 319–338). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Marquina, M., Pérez Centeno, C., & Reznik, N. (2021). Institutional influence of academics in Argentinean public universities in a context of external control. Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia, 46, 54–72.
- Marquina, M., & Rebello, G. (2013). Academic work at the periphery: Why Argentine scholars are satisfied, despite all. In P. Bentley, H. Coates, I. Dobson, L. Goedegebuure, & V. L. Meek (Eds.), Job satisfaction around the academic world world (pp. 13–28). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Marquina, M., Yuni, J., & Ferreiro, M. (2017). Academic trajectories of generational groups and political context in Argentina: Towards a typology. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 25(118), 1–23.
- Nokkala, T., Bataille, P., Siekkinen, T., & Goastellec, G. (2020). Academic career, mobility and the national gender regimes in Switzerland and Finland. In L. Weimer, & T. Nokkala (Eds.), Universities as political institutions (pp. 262–286). Leiden: Brill.
- Ramírez, B. (2017). Internationalize? Why? For what? The internationalization in Argentine universities. [Article in Spain] Debate Universitario CAEE-UAI, 5(10), 71–87.
- Rostan, M., Finkelstein, M., & Huang, F. (2013). A profile of CAP participating countries and a global overview of academic internationalization in 2007–2008. In F. Huang, M. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The internationalisation of the academy: Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 37–54). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Rostan, M., & Höle, E. (2013). The international mobility of faculty. In F. Huang, M. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The internationalisation of the academy: Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 74–104). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Rumbley, L. E. (2010). Internationalization in the universities of Spain: Changes and challenges at four institutions. In F. Maringe, & N. Foskett (Eds.), Globalization and internationalization in higher education: Theoretical, strategic and management perspectives (pp. 207–224). London: Continuum International Publishing.
- Schwietz, M. (2008). Internationalization of the academic profession. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag.
- SPU (2020). Síntesis de Información. Estadísticas Universitarias, 2018–2019. Buenos Aires. Retrieved from https://www.argentina.gob.ar/sites/default/files/sintesis_2018-2019_sistema_universitario_argentino_-_ver_final_1_0.pdf (April 6, 2021).
- Stephan, P. E., & Levin, S. G. (1992). Striking the mother lode in science: The importance of age, place, and time. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Teichler, U. (2004). The changing debate on internationalisation of higher education. Higher Education, 48(1), 5–26.
- Teichler, U., Arimoto, A., & Cummings, W. K. (2013). The changing academic profession: Major findings of a comparative survey. Dordrecht: Springer.
- Teichler, U., & Cummings, W. (Eds.). (2015). Forming, recruiting and managing the academic profession. Cham: Springer.
- Vabo, A., Padilla González, L., Waagene, E., & Naes, T. (2013). Gender and faculty internationalization. In F. Huang, M. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The internationalisation of the academy: Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 183–205). Dordrecht: Springer.
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Arjantin’deki Akademisyenlerin Uluslararasılaşması: Bir Ayrıcalık mı Yoksa Bir Seçenek mi?
Year 2022,
Volume: 12 Issue: Supplement, 1 - 13, 30.11.2022
Mónica Marquına
Nicolás Reznık
Abstract
Üniversiteler için kamu politikası gündeminin bir parçası olarak uluslararasılaşma, Arjantin'de nispeten yenidir. Uluslararasılaşmaya yönelik politikalar şimdiye kadar kıttı ve gelişmiş ülkelerden gelen finansal fırsatlara bağlı idi. Akademisyenler uluslararasılaşmanın gelişiminde kilit aktörler olduğundan ve Arjantin'deki akademik meslek heterojen ve parçalı olduğundan, yükseköğretime ilişkin son zamanlardaki uluslararasılaştırma politikalarının Arjantin akademik faaliyetlerinin uluslararası düzeyini ne ölçüde etkileyeceği hala bilinmemektedir. Bu makale Arjantinli akademisyenler için uluslararası olmanın bir seçenek mi yoksa bir ayrıcalık mı olduğu ve bu durumun üniversitedeki merkezi rolleri göz önüne alındığında çalıştıkları kurumlarda uluslararasılaşmanın değerine ilişkin algılarını nasıl belirlediği sorularını araştırmaktadır. Bunu yapmak için, kişisel ve profesyonel niteliklerle ilgili olarak Arjantin’deki akademik uluslararasılaşma düzeyini analiz etmek için 2018 Bilgiye Dayalı Toplumda Akademik Meslek (APIKS) anketinden yararlanıldı ve kurumsal uluslararasılaşma için uygun akademik ortamların nasıl yaratılabileceği soruları yanıtlanmaya çalışıldı. Bulguların, kurumsal uluslararasılaşma ve kurumsal kalitenin artırılması yönündeki kapsamlı değişikliklere katkı sunması beklenmektedir.
References
- Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C. A., & Murgia G. (2013). Gender differences in research collaboration. Journal of Informetrics, 7(4), 811–822.
- Ackers, L. (2008). Internationalization, mobility and metrics: A new form of indirect discrimination? Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 46(4), 411–435.
- Altbach, P. (2004). Centros y periferias en la profesión académica: Los retos particulares que enfrentan los países en desarrollo. In P. Altbach (Ed.), El ocaso del gurú. La profesión académica en el tercer mundo (pp. 15–41). Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.
- Altbach, P., Reisberg, L., & Rumbley, L. E. (2009). Trends in global higher education: Tracking an academic revolution. A report prepared for the UNESCO 2009 World Conference on Higher Education. Paris: UNESCO.
- Clark, B. R. (1980). Academic culture. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED187186.pdf (March 28, 2021).
- Clark, B. R. (1987). The academic life: Small worlds, different worlds. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Coates, H., Dobson, I., & Goedegebuure, L. (2013). The international dimension of teaching and learning. In F. Huang, M. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The internationalisation of the academy: Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 105–118). Dordrecht: Springer.
- de Wit, H., & Altbach, P. (2021). Internationalization in higher education: Global trends and recommendations for its future. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 5(1), 28–46.
- de Wit, H., Hunter, F., Howard, L., & Egron-Polak, E. (2015). Internationalisation of higher education. Brussels: European Parliament.
- Didou Aupetit, S. (2006). Internacionalización de la educación superior y provisión transnacional de servicios educativos en América Latina. Informe sobre la educación superior en América Latina y el Caribe, 2000–2005. La metamorfosis de la educación superior. Caracas: IESALC.
- El-Khawas, E. (2002). Developing an academic career in a globalising worlds. In J. Enders, & O. Fulton (Eds.), Higher education in a globalising world: International trends and mutual observations (pp. 241–254). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Enders, J. (2004). Higher education, internationalisation, and the nation-state: Recent developments and challenges to governance theory. Higher Education, 47(3), 361–382.
- Finkelstein, M., & Sethi, W. (2014). Patterns of faculty internationalization: A predictive model. In F. Huang, M. J. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The internationalization of the academy: Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 237–257). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Finkelstein, M., Walker, E., & Chen, R. (2009). The internationalization of the American faculty: Where are we, what drives or deters us? In R. Chen, & RIHE (Eds.), The changing academic profession over 1992–2007: International, comparative and quantitative perspectives. RIHE international seminar report 13 (pp. 113–144). Hiroshima: RIHE, Hiroshima University.
- Fox, M. F., Realff, M. L., Rueda, D. R., & Morn, J. (2016). International research collaboration among women engineers: Frequency and perceived barriers, by regions. Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(6), 1292–1306.
- Huang, F. (2007). Challenges of internationalization of higher education and changes in the academic profession: A perspective from Japan. In M. Kogan, & U. Teichler (Eds.), UNESCO forum on higher education research and knowledge (pp. 81–98). Kassel: International Centre for Higher Education Research Kassel, INCHER-Kassel.
- Knight, J. (2005). Un modelo de internacionalización: Respuesta a nuevas realidades y retos. In H. de Wit, I. C. Jaramillo, J. Gacel-Avila, & J. Knight (Eds.), Educación superior en América Latina. La dimensión internacional (pp. 1–38). Washington, DC: World Bank.
- Knight, J. (2020). The internationalization of higher education scrutinized: International program and provider mobility. Sociologias, 22(54), 176–199.
- Kwiek, M. (2016). The European research elite: A cross-national study of highly productive academics across 11 European systems. Higher Education, 71(3), 379–397.
- Kwiek, M. (2020). Internationalists and locals: International research collaboration in a resource-poor system. Scientometrics, 124(1), 57–105.
Kyvik, S., & Aksnes, D. W. (2015). Explaining the increase in publication productivity among academic staff: A generational perspective. Studies in Higher Education, 40(8), 1438–1453.
- Kyvik, S., & Larsen, I. M. (1997). The exchange of knowledge. A small country in the international research community. Science Communication, 18(3), 238–264.
- Li, B., & Tu, Y. (2016). Motivations of faculty engagement in internationalization: A survey in China. Higher Education, 71(1), 81–96.
- Marquina, M. (2020). Entre ser “técnico”, “académico” o “político” en la universidad. Los nuevos roles de gestión en las universidades argentinas. RELAPAE/Revista Latinoamericana de Política y Administración de la Educación, 12(7), 82–96.
- Marquina, M., & Luchilo, L. (2021). University, research, and innovation in Argentina: A winding road to the knowledge society. In T. Aarrevaara, M. L. Finkelstein, G. A. Jones, & J. Jung (Eds.), Universities and the knowledge society: The emerging nexus of national systems of innovation and higher education in fifteen countries (pp. 319–338). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Marquina, M., Pérez Centeno, C., & Reznik, N. (2021). Institutional influence of academics in Argentinean public universities in a context of external control. Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia, 46, 54–72.
- Marquina, M., & Rebello, G. (2013). Academic work at the periphery: Why Argentine scholars are satisfied, despite all. In P. Bentley, H. Coates, I. Dobson, L. Goedegebuure, & V. L. Meek (Eds.), Job satisfaction around the academic world world (pp. 13–28). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Marquina, M., Yuni, J., & Ferreiro, M. (2017). Academic trajectories of generational groups and political context in Argentina: Towards a typology. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 25(118), 1–23.
- Nokkala, T., Bataille, P., Siekkinen, T., & Goastellec, G. (2020). Academic career, mobility and the national gender regimes in Switzerland and Finland. In L. Weimer, & T. Nokkala (Eds.), Universities as political institutions (pp. 262–286). Leiden: Brill.
- Ramírez, B. (2017). Internationalize? Why? For what? The internationalization in Argentine universities. [Article in Spain] Debate Universitario CAEE-UAI, 5(10), 71–87.
- Rostan, M., Finkelstein, M., & Huang, F. (2013). A profile of CAP participating countries and a global overview of academic internationalization in 2007–2008. In F. Huang, M. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The internationalisation of the academy: Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 37–54). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Rostan, M., & Höle, E. (2013). The international mobility of faculty. In F. Huang, M. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The internationalisation of the academy: Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 74–104). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Rumbley, L. E. (2010). Internationalization in the universities of Spain: Changes and challenges at four institutions. In F. Maringe, & N. Foskett (Eds.), Globalization and internationalization in higher education: Theoretical, strategic and management perspectives (pp. 207–224). London: Continuum International Publishing.
- Schwietz, M. (2008). Internationalization of the academic profession. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag.
- SPU (2020). Síntesis de Información. Estadísticas Universitarias, 2018–2019. Buenos Aires. Retrieved from https://www.argentina.gob.ar/sites/default/files/sintesis_2018-2019_sistema_universitario_argentino_-_ver_final_1_0.pdf (April 6, 2021).
- Stephan, P. E., & Levin, S. G. (1992). Striking the mother lode in science: The importance of age, place, and time. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Teichler, U. (2004). The changing debate on internationalisation of higher education. Higher Education, 48(1), 5–26.
- Teichler, U., Arimoto, A., & Cummings, W. K. (2013). The changing academic profession: Major findings of a comparative survey. Dordrecht: Springer.
- Teichler, U., & Cummings, W. (Eds.). (2015). Forming, recruiting and managing the academic profession. Cham: Springer.
- Vabo, A., Padilla González, L., Waagene, E., & Naes, T. (2013). Gender and faculty internationalization. In F. Huang, M. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The internationalisation of the academy: Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 183–205). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Wagner, C. S. (2008). The new invisible college: Science for development. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
- Welch, R. (1997). The peripatetic professor: The internationalization of the academic profession. Higher Education, 34(3), 323–345.