School Administrators' Communication Competencies as a Predictor of Teacher Motivation: An Analysis of Canonical Correlation

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between school principals’ communication competences and teachers' motivation according to teachers' perceptions. The sample of the study designed in predictive correlational model consists of 474 teachers. ‘The Communication Competencies Scale’ and ‘The Motivation Scale’ were used as data collection tools in the study. As a result of the research, according to the teachers' perceptions, it was determined that there was a positive and moderately significant relationship between school principals’ communication competencies and teacher motivation. As a result of a canonical correlation analysis, it was determined that communication competences and teacher motivation data sets shared a variance of 52%. In addition, it was found that there was a significant relationship between the variables of empathy, social relaxation and support in the communication skills dataset, and the variables of relationship with principals' individual needs, working with principals, principals' behaviour and attitudes, and respect for principals in the motivation dataset. In line with this, it is predicted that school administrators' appreciation of teachers' successful work, democratic attitudes, and efforts to convince teachers that their work is important will increase teachers' motivation.

Keywords

• Communication
• motivation
• canonical correlation.

Öğretmen Motivasyonunun Bir Yordayıcısı Olarak Yöneticilerinin İletişim Yeterlikleri: Kanonik Korelasyon Analizi

Abstract

Bu araştırmada okul yöneticilerinin iletişim yeterlikleri ile öğretmenlerin motivasyonları arasındaki ilişkinin öğretmen algılarına göre incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. İlişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanan araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye’nin güneyinde yer alan bir büyükşehrin merkez ilçesinde görev yapan 474 öğretmenden oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “İletişim Yeterlikleri Ölçeği” ve “Motivasyonu Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen algılarına göre okul yöneticilerinin iletişim yeterlikleri ile öğretmen motivasyonu arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kanonik korelasyon analizi sonucunda ise iletişim yeterlikleri ve öğretmen motivasyonu veri setlerinin %52’lik bir varyans paylaştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte iletişim yeterlikleri veri setinde yer alan anlama-empati, sosyal rahatlık ve destekleme değişkeleri ile motivasyon veri setinde yer alan yönetici bireysel ihtiyaç ilişkisi, yönetici ile çalışma, yönetici tutum davranışları ve yönetici saygısı değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda okul yöneticilerinin; öğretmenlerin başarılı çalışmalarını takdir etme, demokratik tutum sergileme, öğretmeni yaptığı işin önemli olduğuna inandırma çabaları gibi unsurların öğretmenlerin motivasyonunu arttıracağı öngörülmektedir.

Keywords

• İletişim yeterlikleri
• kanonik korelasyon
• motivasyon

References

1. Ada, Ş., Akan, D., Ayık, A., Yıldırım, İ. & Yalçın, S. (2013). Motivation factors of teachers. The journal of Social Sciences Institute of Ataturk University, 17(3) 151-166. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ataunisosbil/issue/2834/38590
2. Afifi, A. A. & Clark, V. (1996). Computer-aided multivariate analysis. Chapman & Hall.
3. Akan, D. & Mehrdad, A. (2019). The examine of communication skills of school administrators according to teachers’ perceptions. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Journal of ISS, 9(1), 287-300. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/nevsosbilen/issue/46568/546185
4. Akbulut, Ö. & Çapık, C. (2022). Multivariate statistical analysis and required sample size. Atatürk University Publications, 25(2), 111-116. https://doi.org/10.5152/JANHS.2022.970637
5. Akçay, A. (2003). Can school principals influence teachers? Journal of National Education, 157, 75-88. http://dhgm.meb.gov.tr/yayimlar/dergiler/milli_egitim_dergisi/157/akcay.htm
6. Aksoy, M. (2009). Perception of organizational trust in organizations and its analysis in terms of demographic variables [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Gazi Universtity.
7. Aktaş, A. (2020). The effects of school managers on the teaching performance of autocratic, democratic, cooperative and laissez-faire leadership styles Unpublished Master Thesis].Sabahattin Zaim University.
8. Albayrak, A. S. (2005). In case of multıple lınear connectıons alternatıve to the least squares technıque bıased forecastıng technıques and applıcatıon. Zonguldak Karaelmas Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 105-126. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijmeb/issue/54840/750869

9. Argon, T. (2015). Views of teachers regarding whether school administrators take teachers’ state of emotions into consideration or not. Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education, 15(1), 377-404. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2015.15.1-5000128614
10. Bektaş, A. (2010). The relationship between primary school administrators' social communication competences and classroom teachers' motivation [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Gazi University.
11. Büyükses, L. (2010). Factors affecting teachers motivation in job environment [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Süleyman Demirel university.
12. Castro, G.B. & Jimenez, E.C. (2022). Influence of school principal's attributes and 21st-century leadership skills on teachers’ performance. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4(2). 52-63. https://doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.jhass-0402.374
13. Claypool, C.(2003). Improving the communication skills of your most valuable resource you people. Techniques Association For Career And Technical Education, 78(1), 56-7.
14. Çam, O. & Keskin, G. (2010). Attachment process: revđew of the lđterature in terms of mental health. Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty, 23(2), 145-158. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/egehemsire/issue/49599/635613
15. Çaybaş, T. (2021). Teachers' views on the communication skills of school administrators: A mixed method research [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Pamukkale University.
16. Çelik, M. (2013). The role of communication skills of administrators, who work at highschools in Arnavutköy Istanbul, on teacher's motivation and academic effeteness [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Yeditepe University.
17. Çetinkaya, İ. (2011). The relationship between secondary school principals' leadership styles and communication competences [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Gazi University.
18. Çokluk, Ö., Güçlü, Ş. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Multivariate statistics for social sciences SPSS and LISREL applications. Pegem Academy.
19. Çubuklu, Z. & Dündar, İ. (2003). Teachers' Perceptions and Expectations Regarding School Administrators' Communication Skills. Journal of National Education, (157). https://dhgm.meb.gov.tr/yayimlar/dergiler/Milli_Egitim_Dergisi/157/cubukcu.htm
20. Deniz, G. (2003). The effect of communication skills training on the level of communication skills of the students in 8th grade of elementary school [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Gazi University.
21. Doğan S., Uğurlu C. T., Yıldırım T. & Karabulut E. (2013). Evaluation of the communication process between school administrators and teachers according to teachers' opinions. Turkish Journal of Education, 3(1), 34- 47. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.181074
22. Ekin, M.S. (2015). Analyzing the relation between headteachers' communication skills and teachers' motivation (Sample of Bitlis province / Mutki) [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Gaziantep University.
23. Eren, E. (2011). Management and organization (1. Ed). Beta publishing.
24. Everitt, B. & Hothorn, T. (2011). An introduction to applied multivariate analysis with R. Springer Science & Business Media.
25. Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-hill.
26. George, D. & Mallery, P. (2016). Frequencies. IBM SPSS statistics 23 step by step In (pp. 115-125). Routledge
27. Getmez, D. (2018). Survey on relation between shcool principals’ interaction competence and school athmosphere [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Marmara University.
28. Güneş, A. (2011). A theoretical study on the concept and role of body language in the process of interpersonal communication. E-Journal New World Sciences Academy, 6(4), 706-730. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/nwsahuman/issue/19929/213254
29. Hernandez, T. J., & Seem, S. R. (2004). A safe school climate: A systemic approach and the school counselor. Professional School Counseling, 7(4). 256–262. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42732589
30. Katman, H.A. (2010). Investigation of school administrators? empathic tendencies: The sample of Isparta province center [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Süleyman Demirel University.
31. Kocabaş, İ., & Karaköse, T. (2005). Attıtudes and behavıours of school prıncıpals effect on teachers' motıvatıon (prıvate and publıc school example). The Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences, 1(3), 79-93. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tebd/issue/26125/275201
32. Koçak, O. ( 2013). The relation between the social communication skills of school administrators i̇n secondary schools and the motivation of branch teachers [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Cumhuriyet University.
33. Korkut, F. (2005). Communication skills training program for adults. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 28(28), 143-149. https://epale.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/communication_skills_training_program_for_adults.pdf
34. Kösterelioğlu, M., & Argon, T.(2010). Perceptions of teachers about school administrators’ effectiveness in communication process. Ahi Evran University Journal of Education Faculty, 11(1), 1-17. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kefad/issue/59507/855650
35. Öner, N. S. (2019). School managers' competencies related to organizational communication process [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University.
36. Önsal, A.(2012). The Relationship between the school principals communication skills and the school culture [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Maltepe university.
37. Öztürk, M. (2003). Business and management in terms of functions. Papatya Publishing.
38. Portey, A. (2021). An Administrator's role in motivating teachers. BU Journal of Graduate Studies in Education, 13(3), 4-7. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1306680.pdf
39. Ron, R. (1992). Student motivation school culture, and academic achivement: What school leaders can do. Eugene, Oreg. ( ERIC No: EA 023593).
40. Salkind, N. J., & Frey, B. B. (2021). Statistics for people who (think they) hate statistics: Using Microsoft Excel. Sage publications.
41. Suntani, U. T., Sasongko, R. N., Kristiawan, M., Walid, A., & Kusumah, R. G. T. (2021). The role of principal interpersonal communication on teacher’s work motivation. Education Quarterly Reviews, 4(2), 147-151. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.04.02.206
42. Şahin, B. (2007). Determining the relations between coping with stress and expressing theirselves of nursing school pupils [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Haliç University.
43. Şanlı, Ö., Altun, M., & Karaca, R. (2014). Assesment of the communication abilities of the school administrators acording to the views of teachers and students. İnönü University Journal Eduacational Science Instutie, 1(2), 1-12. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/inujgse/issue/8718/108871
44. Şener, G. (2015) Effects of school administrators' ways of communication on organizational variables and module - based practices [Unpublished Doctoral thesis]. Fırat University.
45. Şimşek, Y. (2003). The Relationship between the school principals communication skills and the school culture [Unpublished Doctoral thesis]. Anadolu University.
46. Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6. Ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
47. Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S. & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5. Ed.). Pearson.
48. Topluer, A. (2008). The relationship between the communication skills of elementary principal and organizational conflict level [Unpublished Master Thesis]. İnönü University.
49. Tschannen-Moran, M. (2009). Fostering teacher professionalism in schools: The role of leadership orientation and trust. Educational Administration Quarterly, 45(2), 217-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X08330501
50. Tuna, Y. (2012). Communication concept and communication process. İzlem Vural (Ed.), Communication In ( pp. 3-35). Pegem Academy.
51. Tutar, H. & Yılmaz, M.K. (2013). İletişim (Genel ve örgütsel boyutuyla). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
52. Wiemann, J. M. (1977). Explication and test of a model of communicative competence. Human Communication Research, 3, 195-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00518.x
53. Yavuz, C. & Karadeniz, C. B.(2009). Sınıf öğretmenlerin motivasyonunun iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(9), 507-519. http://earsiv.odu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11489/2823
54. Yıldırım, M. & Şen, S.(2021). Sampling and sampling methods. S. Şen & İ. Yıldırım (Eds.). Research methods in education In (ss. 61-92). Nobel Publishing.