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Ergenlerde Akademik Öz-Yeterlik, İçsel Motivasyon, Azim ve Psikolojik Dayanıklılığın İyi Oluş ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 1073 - 1099, 15.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.957391

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı; akademik öz-yeterlik, içsel motivasyon, azmin gayrette sebat etme boyutu ve psikolojik dayanıklılık değişkenlerinin iyi oluş ile ilişkisini ortaya koymak ve bu değişkenlerin iyi oluşu etkileme mekanizmasını açıklamaya yönelik olarak alanyazın temelli geliştirilen bir model önerisini test etmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı liselerde öğrenim görmekte olan 300’ü kadın, 300’ü erkek olmak üzere 600 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmaya farklı sınıf düzeylerinden ve bölüm türlerinden öğrenciler katılmıştır. Araştırma verileri Çocuklar İçin Öz-yeterlik Ölçeği, Ergenler İçin Ders Çalışmaya Motive Olma Ölçeği, Ergen Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği (EPDÖ), Kısa Azim Ölçeği ve Ergenler İçin Beş Boyutlu İyi Oluş Modeli: EPOCH ölçekleri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Katsayısı ve Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi ile analizler yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öz-yeterlik, motivasyon, azim, psikolojik dayanıklılık ve iyi oluş değişkenleri arasında anlamlı pozitif ilişkilerin olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Hipotetik modelin analizine yönelik bulgular önerilen hipotetik modelin mükemmel uyum gösterdiğini, akademik öz-yeterlik ve ders çalışmaya yönelik içsel motivasyonun artmasıyla, azmin gayrette sebat etme alt boyutunun ve psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeyinin de arttığı, bu iki değişkenin düzeyinin artmasının da bireylerin iyi oluş düzeylerini arttırdığı ortaya konulmuştur. Ortaya konulan bulgular çerçevesinde okullarda ve ruh sağlığı alanında çalışan araştırmacı ve uygulayıcılara çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.

References

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  • Bandura, A. (2008). An agentic perspective on positive psychology. S. Lopez (Ed), Positive psychology. Exploring the best in people. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Bandura, A. (2004). Social cognitive theory for personal and social change by Enabling Media. In A. Singhal, M. J. Cody, E. M. Rogers, & M. Sabido (Eds.), LEA's communication series. Entertainment-education and social change: History, research, and practice(s. 75-96).
  • Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, 4, 71-81. New York: Akademic Press.
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
  • Britner, S. L. & Pajares, F. (2001), Self-efficacy beliefs, motivational, race ,and gender in middle school science, Journal of Women and Minaritin in Science and Engineering, 7, 271-285.
  • Bulut, S., Doğan, U. ve Altundağ, Y. (2012). Ergen psikolojik dayanıklık ölçeği(EPDÖ): Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Suvremena psihologija,1, 21-32.
  • Campell, C. L.,& Demi, A. S. (2000). Adult children of fathers missing in action. Family Relations, 49 (3), 267- 277.
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  • Demirci, İ. ve Ekşi, F. (2015). Five-dimensional model of well-being for adolescents: The validity and reliability of Turkish version of EPOCH. Journal of Yoouth Studies, 3(3),9-30.
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-Being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a National Index. American Psychologist, 55, 1, 34-43.
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  • Duckworth, A. 2016). Grit: The power of passion and perseverance. New York, NY: Scribner.
  • Duckworth, A., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. & Kelly, D. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psycholohy, 92(6); 1087-1101.
  • Duckworth, A. L. & Quinn, P. D. (2009). Development and validation of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S). Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(2), 166-174.
  • Foster, M. D. & Dion, K. L. (2003). Dispositional hardiness and women’s well being relating to gender discrimination: The role of minimization. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 27, 197-208.
  • Furrer, C. J., Skinner, E. A. & Pitzer, J. R. (2014). The influence of teacher and peer relationships on students’ classroom engagement and everyday motivational resilience. National Society for the Study of Education, 113(1), 101-123.
  • Gilman, R. & Huebner, S. (2003). A Review of life satisfaction research with children and adolescents. School Psychology Quarterly, 18(2), 192-205. Henderson, L.W. & Knight, T. (2012). Integrating the hedonic and eudaimonicperspectives to more comprehensively understand wellbeing and pathways to wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2(3), 196-221.
  • Hefferon, K. & Boniwell, I. (2014). Pozitif psikoloji: Kuram, araştırma ve uygulamalar. (Çev. Ed. T. Doğan). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Jin, J. I., & Kim, N. C. (2017). Grit, academic resilience, and psychological well-being in nursing students. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education, 23(2), 175-183.
  • Kandemir, M. (2014). Reasons of academic procrastination: Self-regulation, academic self-efficacy, life satisfaction and demographics variables. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 188-193.
  • Karacaoğlu ve Köktaş (2016). Psikolojik dayanıklılık ve psikolojik iyi olma ilişkisinde iyimserliğin aracı rolü: hastane çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma. İş ve İnsan Dergisi. 3, 119 – 127.
  • Kashdan, T. B., Biswas-Diener, R., and King, L.A. (2008). Reconsidering happiness:The cost of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia. Journal of Positive Psychology, 3, 219-233.
  • Kardaş, F., & Yalçın, I. (2018). An adaptation study of the Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs (BMPN) Scale to Turkish culture. Çukurova University. Faculty of Education Journal, 47(2), 357-383.
  • Kern, M. L., Benson, L., Steinberg, E. A., & Steinberg, L. (2016). The EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being. Psychological Assessment, 28(5), 586-597.
  • Kowal, J.,& Fortier, M. S. (1999). Motivational determinants of flow: Contributions from self-determination theory. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139(3), 355-368.
  • Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A criticalevaluation and guidelines for future work. Child development, 71(3), 543-562.
  • Malkoç, A. ve Yalçın, İ. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinde psikolojik dayanıklılık, sosyal destek, başa çıkma ve iyi-oluş arasındaki ilişkiler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(43), 35-43.
  • Magnano, P., Craparo, G., & Paolillo, A. (2016). Resilience and Emotional Intelligence: which role in achievement motivation. International Journal of Psychological Research, 9(1), 9-20.
  • Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2009). Academic resilience and academic buoyancy: Multidimensional and hierarchical conceptual framing of causes, correlates and cognate constructs. Oxford Review of Education, 35(3), 353-370.
  • Martínez-Martí, M. L., & Ruch, W. (2017). Character strengths predict resilience overand above positive affect, self-efficacy, optimism, social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(2), 110-119.
  • Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. AmericanPsychologist, 56(3), 227-238.
  • Masten, A. S., & Reed, M. J. (2002). Resilience in development.[In:] CR Snyder, SJLópez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 74–88). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Muris, P. (2001). A Brief Questionnaire for Measuring Self-Efficacy in Youths. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 145–149.
  • Pate, A. N., Payakachat, N., Harrell, T. K., Pate, K. A., Caldwell, D. J., & Franks, A. M. (2017). Measurement of grit and correlation to student pharmacist academic performance. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 81(6), 1-8.
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification (Vol. 1). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Baermann, U., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E.P. (2007). “Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction.” The Journal of Positive Psyvhology, 2, 149-156.
  • Robinson, C. & Sinpes, K. (2009). Hope, optimism and self-efficacy: A system of competence and control enhancing African American College students academic well-being. Multiple Linear Regression Viewpoints, 35(2), 16-26.
  • Rouse, K. A. G. (2001). Resilient students' goals and motivation. Journal of adolescence, 24(4), 461-472.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation ofintrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. AmericanPsychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review ofresearch on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology,52, 141–166.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning ofpsychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57,1069–1081.
  • Ryff, D. C. & Keyes, M. L. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727. Salomon, G. (1984). Television is "easy" and print is "tough": The differential investment of mental effort in learning as a function of perceptions and attributions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(4), 647-658.
  • Sarıçam, H., Çelik, İ. ve Oğuz, A. (2016). Kısa Azim (Sebat) Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi,5(2), 927-935.
  • Schunk, D. H. (1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational psychologist, 26, 207-231.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (1999). Positive social science. Journal of Positive BehaviorInterventions, 1(3), 181-182.
  • Sheldon, K. M. (2004). Optimal human being. An integrated multilevel perspective. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrance Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Sheldon, K. M., & Bettencourt, B. (2002). Psychological need-satisfaction andsubjective well-being within social groups. British Journal of Social Psychology,41(1), 25–38.
  • Sherman, R., Oresky, P. & Rountree, Y. (2013). Solving problems in couples and family therapy: Techniques and tactics. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.
  • Singh, K., & Jha, S. D. (2008). Positive and negative affect, and grit as predictors of happiness and life satisfaction, Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 34, 40-45.
  • Sirois, F. (2004 ). Procrastination and intentions to perform health behaviors: The Role of self efficacy and the consideration of future consequences. Personality and Individual Differences. 37, 115–128.
  • Stumblingbear-Riddle, G., & Romans, J. S. (2012). Resilience among urban American Indian adolescents: Exploration into the role of culture, self-esteem, subjective well-being, and social support. American Indian and Alaska native mental health research (Online), 19(2), 1-19.
  • Telef, B. ve Karaca, R . (2012). Çocuklar için öz-yeterlik ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 32, 169-187.
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Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 1073 - 1099, 15.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.957391

Abstract

References

  • Akbay, S. & Gizir, C. A. (2010). Cinsiyete göre üniversite öğrencilerinde akademik erteleme davranışı: Akademik güdülenme, akademik öz yeterlik ve akademik yükleme stillerinin rolü. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6, 1, 60-78.
  • Carr, A. (2013). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and human strengths. London: Routledge.
  • Bandura, A. (2008). An agentic perspective on positive psychology. S. Lopez (Ed), Positive psychology. Exploring the best in people. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Bandura, A. (2004). Social cognitive theory for personal and social change by Enabling Media. In A. Singhal, M. J. Cody, E. M. Rogers, & M. Sabido (Eds.), LEA's communication series. Entertainment-education and social change: History, research, and practice(s. 75-96).
  • Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, 4, 71-81. New York: Akademic Press.
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
  • Britner, S. L. & Pajares, F. (2001), Self-efficacy beliefs, motivational, race ,and gender in middle school science, Journal of Women and Minaritin in Science and Engineering, 7, 271-285.
  • Bulut, S., Doğan, U. ve Altundağ, Y. (2012). Ergen psikolojik dayanıklık ölçeği(EPDÖ): Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Suvremena psihologija,1, 21-32.
  • Campell, C. L.,& Demi, A. S. (2000). Adult children of fathers missing in action. Family Relations, 49 (3), 267- 277.
  • Credé, M., Tynan, M. C., & Harms, P. D. (2017). Much ado about grit: A meta-analytic synthesis of the grit literature. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 113(3), 492-511.
  • Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development and health. Canadian Psychology/ Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 182-185.
  • Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2002). Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
  • Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration inpersonality. In R. A. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation, 1990: Perspectives on motivation (pp. 237–288). Lincoln, NE, US: University ofNebraska Press.
  • Demirci, İ. ve Ekşi, F. (2015). Five-dimensional model of well-being for adolescents: The validity and reliability of Turkish version of EPOCH. Journal of Yoouth Studies, 3(3),9-30.
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-Being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a National Index. American Psychologist, 55, 1, 34-43.
  • Eryılmaz, A., & Ercan, L. (2014). Developing a scale for motivation to study lesson for adolescents. Başkent University Journal of Education, 1(1), 34-40.
  • Duckworth, A. 2016). Grit: The power of passion and perseverance. New York, NY: Scribner.
  • Duckworth, A., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. & Kelly, D. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psycholohy, 92(6); 1087-1101.
  • Duckworth, A. L. & Quinn, P. D. (2009). Development and validation of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S). Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(2), 166-174.
  • Foster, M. D. & Dion, K. L. (2003). Dispositional hardiness and women’s well being relating to gender discrimination: The role of minimization. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 27, 197-208.
  • Furrer, C. J., Skinner, E. A. & Pitzer, J. R. (2014). The influence of teacher and peer relationships on students’ classroom engagement and everyday motivational resilience. National Society for the Study of Education, 113(1), 101-123.
  • Gilman, R. & Huebner, S. (2003). A Review of life satisfaction research with children and adolescents. School Psychology Quarterly, 18(2), 192-205. Henderson, L.W. & Knight, T. (2012). Integrating the hedonic and eudaimonicperspectives to more comprehensively understand wellbeing and pathways to wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2(3), 196-221.
  • Hefferon, K. & Boniwell, I. (2014). Pozitif psikoloji: Kuram, araştırma ve uygulamalar. (Çev. Ed. T. Doğan). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Jin, J. I., & Kim, N. C. (2017). Grit, academic resilience, and psychological well-being in nursing students. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education, 23(2), 175-183.
  • Kandemir, M. (2014). Reasons of academic procrastination: Self-regulation, academic self-efficacy, life satisfaction and demographics variables. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 188-193.
  • Karacaoğlu ve Köktaş (2016). Psikolojik dayanıklılık ve psikolojik iyi olma ilişkisinde iyimserliğin aracı rolü: hastane çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma. İş ve İnsan Dergisi. 3, 119 – 127.
  • Kashdan, T. B., Biswas-Diener, R., and King, L.A. (2008). Reconsidering happiness:The cost of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia. Journal of Positive Psychology, 3, 219-233.
  • Kardaş, F., & Yalçın, I. (2018). An adaptation study of the Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs (BMPN) Scale to Turkish culture. Çukurova University. Faculty of Education Journal, 47(2), 357-383.
  • Kern, M. L., Benson, L., Steinberg, E. A., & Steinberg, L. (2016). The EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being. Psychological Assessment, 28(5), 586-597.
  • Kowal, J.,& Fortier, M. S. (1999). Motivational determinants of flow: Contributions from self-determination theory. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139(3), 355-368.
  • Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A criticalevaluation and guidelines for future work. Child development, 71(3), 543-562.
  • Malkoç, A. ve Yalçın, İ. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinde psikolojik dayanıklılık, sosyal destek, başa çıkma ve iyi-oluş arasındaki ilişkiler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(43), 35-43.
  • Magnano, P., Craparo, G., & Paolillo, A. (2016). Resilience and Emotional Intelligence: which role in achievement motivation. International Journal of Psychological Research, 9(1), 9-20.
  • Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2009). Academic resilience and academic buoyancy: Multidimensional and hierarchical conceptual framing of causes, correlates and cognate constructs. Oxford Review of Education, 35(3), 353-370.
  • Martínez-Martí, M. L., & Ruch, W. (2017). Character strengths predict resilience overand above positive affect, self-efficacy, optimism, social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(2), 110-119.
  • Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. AmericanPsychologist, 56(3), 227-238.
  • Masten, A. S., & Reed, M. J. (2002). Resilience in development.[In:] CR Snyder, SJLópez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 74–88). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Muris, P. (2001). A Brief Questionnaire for Measuring Self-Efficacy in Youths. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 145–149.
  • Pate, A. N., Payakachat, N., Harrell, T. K., Pate, K. A., Caldwell, D. J., & Franks, A. M. (2017). Measurement of grit and correlation to student pharmacist academic performance. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 81(6), 1-8.
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification (Vol. 1). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Baermann, U., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E.P. (2007). “Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction.” The Journal of Positive Psyvhology, 2, 149-156.
  • Robinson, C. & Sinpes, K. (2009). Hope, optimism and self-efficacy: A system of competence and control enhancing African American College students academic well-being. Multiple Linear Regression Viewpoints, 35(2), 16-26.
  • Rouse, K. A. G. (2001). Resilient students' goals and motivation. Journal of adolescence, 24(4), 461-472.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation ofintrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. AmericanPsychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review ofresearch on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology,52, 141–166.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning ofpsychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57,1069–1081.
  • Ryff, D. C. & Keyes, M. L. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727. Salomon, G. (1984). Television is "easy" and print is "tough": The differential investment of mental effort in learning as a function of perceptions and attributions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(4), 647-658.
  • Sarıçam, H., Çelik, İ. ve Oğuz, A. (2016). Kısa Azim (Sebat) Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi,5(2), 927-935.
  • Schunk, D. H. (1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational psychologist, 26, 207-231.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (1999). Positive social science. Journal of Positive BehaviorInterventions, 1(3), 181-182.
  • Sheldon, K. M. (2004). Optimal human being. An integrated multilevel perspective. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrance Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Sheldon, K. M., & Bettencourt, B. (2002). Psychological need-satisfaction andsubjective well-being within social groups. British Journal of Social Psychology,41(1), 25–38.
  • Sherman, R., Oresky, P. & Rountree, Y. (2013). Solving problems in couples and family therapy: Techniques and tactics. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.
  • Singh, K., & Jha, S. D. (2008). Positive and negative affect, and grit as predictors of happiness and life satisfaction, Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 34, 40-45.
  • Sirois, F. (2004 ). Procrastination and intentions to perform health behaviors: The Role of self efficacy and the consideration of future consequences. Personality and Individual Differences. 37, 115–128.
  • Stumblingbear-Riddle, G., & Romans, J. S. (2012). Resilience among urban American Indian adolescents: Exploration into the role of culture, self-esteem, subjective well-being, and social support. American Indian and Alaska native mental health research (Online), 19(2), 1-19.
  • Telef, B. ve Karaca, R . (2012). Çocuklar için öz-yeterlik ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 32, 169-187.
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There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatma Nur Yıldız Yıldız This is me

Ferhat Kardaş This is me

Publication Date July 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yıldız, F. N. Y., & Kardaş, F. (2021). Ergenlerde Akademik Öz-Yeterlik, İçsel Motivasyon, Azim ve Psikolojik Dayanıklılığın İyi Oluş ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 1073-1099. https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.957391