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A Study on the Drawing Skills of Children Using Traditional and Mobile Drawing Methods

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 690 - 703, 22.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.1284940

Abstract

The main aim of this study is examining simple drawing activities performed by children aged 6-8 years through paper drawings (conventional method) and mobile devices (mobile applications). In the study conducted using the correlational survey method, a sample of 108 children attending the first and second grades of primary school and voluntarily participating in the study was selected. Drawings performed on A4-sized white paper and drawing applications installed on mobile devices were used as data collection tools. The collected data were analyzed using the McNemar test and paired-samples t-tests. The results of the analyses revealed statistically significant differences in drawing skills between the works of the children that were created using the conventional method and those using the mobile applications. In terms of object count scores in the drawings, it was observed that the pictures drawn using the conventional method differed significantly from those drawn using mobile applications. Additionally, the color variety scores of the drawings created using the conventional method were significantly different from those of the drawings created using mobile applications. Further research is recommended to better understand these differences.

References

  • Ahi, B., Cingi, M. A., & Kıldan, A. O. (2016). 48-60 aylık çocukların öğretmen kavramına yönelik algılarının çizimler aracılığıyla incelenmesi. İlkogretim Online, 15(1), 77-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17051/io.2016.97994
  • Arnheim, R. (1969). Art and visual perception: A psychology of the creative eye. Univ of California Press.
  • Bland, D. (2018). Using drawing in research with children: Lessons from practice. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 41(3), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2017.1307957
  • Brooks, M. (2009). Drawing, visualisation and young children’s exploration of “big ideas”. International Journal of Science Education, 31(3), 319–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690802595771
  • Burkitt, E., Jolley, R., & Rose, S. (2010). The attitudes and practices that shape children's drawing experience at home and at school. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 29(3), 257-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-8070.2010.01658.x
  • Buyurgan, S., & Buyurgan, U. (2007). Sanat eğitimi ve öğretimi. Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Buyurgan, S., & Usal, Y. (2018). Türkiye’de yaşayan Suriyeli ilkokul öğrencilerinin “savaş” kavramına yönelik resimlerinin analizi. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 68, 41-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/JASSS7622
  • Case, R., & Okamoto, Y. (1996). The role of central conceptual structures in the development of children’s thought. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 61(1/2), i–295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1166077
  • Cox, M. V. (1986). Cubes are difficult things to draw. British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 4, 341–345. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1986.tb01029.x
  • Erdoğan, Ç., Turan, T., & Pınar, B. (2020). Çocukların kendi çizimleri ile çocuk yoğun bakım ünitesi deneyimleri. Türkiye Klinikleri Pediatri Dergisi, 29(2), 92-8. https://doi.org/10.5336/pediatr.2020-73767
  • Frankenburg, W.K., & Dodds, J.B. (1967). The denver developmental screening test. The Journal of Pediatrics, 71(2), 181–191.
  • Freeman, N. H. (1980). Strategies of representation in young children: Analysis of Spatial Skills and drawing processes. Academic Press.
  • Goodenough, F. (1926). Measurement of intelligence by drawings. Harcourt, Brace & World
  • Gürtuna, S. (2003). Çocuk ve sanat eğitimi. Morpa Kültür Yayınları.
  • Harris, D. B. (1963). Children’s drawings as measures of intellectual maturity a revision and extension of the good enough draw-A-man test. Harcourt, Brace & World.
  • Havigerová, J. M., Pohnětalová, Y., Strnadová, K., Kocourková, K., & Podubecká, D. (2021). Preschool children’s drawings: Frequency and theme snalysis. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 9(3), 70-77.
  • Hiçyilmaz, Y. (2020). Investigation of game perceptions of elementary school students through the pictures they draw in the context of social powers. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 15(2), 369-385. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-9998
  • Kabali, H. K., Irigoyen, M. M., Nunez-Davis, R., Budacki, J. G., Mohanty, S. H., Leister, K. P., & Bonner Jr, R. L. (2015). Exposure and use of mobile media devices by young children. Pediatrics, 136(6), 1044-1050. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-2151
  • Karasar, N. (2010). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Kehnemuyi, Z. (2006). Çocuğun görsel sanat eğitimi. Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Kellogg, R. (1969). Analyzing children’s art. Mayfield Publishing.
  • Kırışoğlu, O. T. (2002). Sanatta eğitim. Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Kirkorian, H. L., Travers, B. G., Jiang, M. J., Choi, K., Rosengren, K. S., Pavalko, P., & Tolkin, E. (2020). Drawing across media: A cross-sectional experiment on preschoolers’ drawings produced using traditional versus electronic mediums. Developmental psychology, 56(1), 28-39. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000825
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Lange-Küttner, C., Kerzmann, A., & Heckhausen, J. (2002). The emergence of visually realistic contour in the drawing of the human figure. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20, 439–463. doi: 10.1348/026151002320620415
  • Lanna, L. C., & Oro, M. G. (2019). Touch gesture performed by children under 3 years old when drawing and coloring on a tablet. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 124, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.11.008
  • Laszlo, J. L., & Broderick, P. A. (1985). The perceptual-motor skill of drawing. In N. H. Freeman & M. V. Cox (Eds.), Visual order: The natüre and development of pictorial representation (pp. 356-373). Cambridge University Press.
  • Lowenfeld, V. (1945). Tests for visual and haptical aptitude. American Journal of Psychology, 58 (1), 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1417578
  • Lowenfeld, V., & Brittain, W. L. (1987). Creative and mental growth. Academic Press.
  • Luquet,G.-H.(1927). Le deşsin enfantin. LibrairieFelixAlcan.
  • Malchiodi, C. A. (1998). Understanding children’s drawings. Guilford Press.
  • Matthews, J., & Seow, P. (2007). Electronic paint: Understanding children's representation through their interactions with digital paint. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 26(3), 251-263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-8070.2007.00536.x
  • Miller, D. I., Nolla, K. M., Eagly, A. H., & Uttal, D. H. (2018). The development of children's gender‐science stereotypes: A meta‐analysis of 5 decades of US draw‐a‐scientist studies. Child Development, 89(6), 1943-1955. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13039
  • Özsoy, V. (2005). İlköğretim sanat eğitimi kuramları ve yöntemleri. Görsel Sanatlar Eğitimi Derneği Yayınları
  • Paule Ruiz, M., Sánchez Santillán, M., & Pérez-Pérez, J. R. (2023). Freehand drawing activity: A comparison between tablet-finger vs paper&crayon throughout time. Behaviour & Information Technology, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2023.2196578
  • Piaget, J. (1956). The child's conception of Space. R Kegan Paul.
  • Picard, D., Martin, P., & Tsao, R. (2014). iPads at school? A quantitative comparison of elementary schoolchildren's pen-on-paper versus finger-on-screen drawing skills. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 50(2), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.2190/EC.50.2
  • Quaglia, R., Longobardi, C., Iotti, N. O., & Prino, L. E. (2015). A new theory on children's drawings: Analyzing the role of emotion and movement in graphical development. Infant Behavior and Development, 39, 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.02.009
  • Schmidgall, S. P., Scheiter, K., & Eitel, A. (2020). Can we further improve tablet-based drawing to enhance learning? An empirical test of two types of support. Instructional Science, 48(4), 453-474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-020-09513-6
  • Smith, M.Q.P. & Ruxton, G.D. (2020). Effective use of the McNemar test. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 74, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-020-02916-y
  • Üstün Vural, D. (2009). Çocuğun sanatsal (Grafiksel) gelişim basamakları. A.O. Alakuş, & L. Mercin, (Eds), Sanat Eğitimi ve Görsel Sanatlar Öğretimi (ss. 129-165). Pegem Akademi.
  • Wright, L., & Black, F. (2013). Monochrome males and colorful females: Do gender and age influence the color and content of drawings? SAGE Open, 3(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013509254
  • Yadav, S., & Chakraborty, P. (2017). Children aged two to four are able to scribble and draw using a smartphone app. Acta Paediatrica, 106(6), 991-994. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13818
  • Yadav, S., Chakraborty, P., & Mittal, P. (2022). Designing drawing apps for children: Artistic and technological factors. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 38(2), 103-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2021.1926113
  • Yalçın, M., & Erginer, A. (2014). İlköğretim okulu öğrencilerinin okul müdürü algılarına ilişkin yaptıkları çizimler. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39(171), 270-285. http://eb.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/2301/610
  • Yavuzer, H. (2005). Resimleriyle çocuk. Remzi Kitap Evi.
  • Yolcu, E. (2009). Sanat eğitimi kuramları ve yöntemleri. Nobel Yayın

Geleneksel ve Mobil Yöntemlerle Çizim Yapan Çocukların Çizim Becerileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 690 - 703, 22.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.1284940

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, 6-8 yaş aralığındaki çocukların geleneksel yöntem (kâğıt) ve mobil uygulamalar aracılığıyla gerçekleştirdikleri basit çizim etkinliklerinin incelenmesidir. Tarama yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan araştırmada, ilkokul birinci ve ikinci sınıflarda öğrenim gören ve araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden 108 çocuk çalışma grubu olarak seçilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak, A4 boyutunda beyaz resim kâğıdı ve çizim uygulaması yüklü mobil cihazlar üzerinde gerçekleştirilen çizimler kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler McNemar testi ve bağımlı örneklemler için t-testi yöntemleriyle analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, çocukların geleneksel yöntem ve mobil uygulama kullanarak gerçekleştirdikleri çizimler arasında çizim becerileri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Çizimlerdeki nesne sayısı puanlarına göre, geleneksel yöntemle çizilen resimlerin mobil uygulama ile çizilen resimlere kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca, geleneksel yöntemle çizilen resimlerin renk çeşidi puanları, mobil uygulama ile çizilen resimlerin renk çeşidi puanlarından anlamlı düzeyde farklılık göstermiştir. Bu araştırmanın sonucunda, çocukların geleneksel yöntem ve mobil uygulama kullanarak gerçekleştirdikleri çizimler arasında farklılıklar olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Ancak, bu farklılıkların daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için daha fazla araştırma yapılması önerilmektedir.

References

  • Ahi, B., Cingi, M. A., & Kıldan, A. O. (2016). 48-60 aylık çocukların öğretmen kavramına yönelik algılarının çizimler aracılığıyla incelenmesi. İlkogretim Online, 15(1), 77-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17051/io.2016.97994
  • Arnheim, R. (1969). Art and visual perception: A psychology of the creative eye. Univ of California Press.
  • Bland, D. (2018). Using drawing in research with children: Lessons from practice. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 41(3), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2017.1307957
  • Brooks, M. (2009). Drawing, visualisation and young children’s exploration of “big ideas”. International Journal of Science Education, 31(3), 319–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690802595771
  • Burkitt, E., Jolley, R., & Rose, S. (2010). The attitudes and practices that shape children's drawing experience at home and at school. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 29(3), 257-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-8070.2010.01658.x
  • Buyurgan, S., & Buyurgan, U. (2007). Sanat eğitimi ve öğretimi. Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Buyurgan, S., & Usal, Y. (2018). Türkiye’de yaşayan Suriyeli ilkokul öğrencilerinin “savaş” kavramına yönelik resimlerinin analizi. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 68, 41-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/JASSS7622
  • Case, R., & Okamoto, Y. (1996). The role of central conceptual structures in the development of children’s thought. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 61(1/2), i–295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1166077
  • Cox, M. V. (1986). Cubes are difficult things to draw. British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 4, 341–345. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1986.tb01029.x
  • Erdoğan, Ç., Turan, T., & Pınar, B. (2020). Çocukların kendi çizimleri ile çocuk yoğun bakım ünitesi deneyimleri. Türkiye Klinikleri Pediatri Dergisi, 29(2), 92-8. https://doi.org/10.5336/pediatr.2020-73767
  • Frankenburg, W.K., & Dodds, J.B. (1967). The denver developmental screening test. The Journal of Pediatrics, 71(2), 181–191.
  • Freeman, N. H. (1980). Strategies of representation in young children: Analysis of Spatial Skills and drawing processes. Academic Press.
  • Goodenough, F. (1926). Measurement of intelligence by drawings. Harcourt, Brace & World
  • Gürtuna, S. (2003). Çocuk ve sanat eğitimi. Morpa Kültür Yayınları.
  • Harris, D. B. (1963). Children’s drawings as measures of intellectual maturity a revision and extension of the good enough draw-A-man test. Harcourt, Brace & World.
  • Havigerová, J. M., Pohnětalová, Y., Strnadová, K., Kocourková, K., & Podubecká, D. (2021). Preschool children’s drawings: Frequency and theme snalysis. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 9(3), 70-77.
  • Hiçyilmaz, Y. (2020). Investigation of game perceptions of elementary school students through the pictures they draw in the context of social powers. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 15(2), 369-385. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-9998
  • Kabali, H. K., Irigoyen, M. M., Nunez-Davis, R., Budacki, J. G., Mohanty, S. H., Leister, K. P., & Bonner Jr, R. L. (2015). Exposure and use of mobile media devices by young children. Pediatrics, 136(6), 1044-1050. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-2151
  • Karasar, N. (2010). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Kehnemuyi, Z. (2006). Çocuğun görsel sanat eğitimi. Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Kellogg, R. (1969). Analyzing children’s art. Mayfield Publishing.
  • Kırışoğlu, O. T. (2002). Sanatta eğitim. Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Kirkorian, H. L., Travers, B. G., Jiang, M. J., Choi, K., Rosengren, K. S., Pavalko, P., & Tolkin, E. (2020). Drawing across media: A cross-sectional experiment on preschoolers’ drawings produced using traditional versus electronic mediums. Developmental psychology, 56(1), 28-39. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000825
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Lange-Küttner, C., Kerzmann, A., & Heckhausen, J. (2002). The emergence of visually realistic contour in the drawing of the human figure. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20, 439–463. doi: 10.1348/026151002320620415
  • Lanna, L. C., & Oro, M. G. (2019). Touch gesture performed by children under 3 years old when drawing and coloring on a tablet. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 124, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.11.008
  • Laszlo, J. L., & Broderick, P. A. (1985). The perceptual-motor skill of drawing. In N. H. Freeman & M. V. Cox (Eds.), Visual order: The natüre and development of pictorial representation (pp. 356-373). Cambridge University Press.
  • Lowenfeld, V. (1945). Tests for visual and haptical aptitude. American Journal of Psychology, 58 (1), 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1417578
  • Lowenfeld, V., & Brittain, W. L. (1987). Creative and mental growth. Academic Press.
  • Luquet,G.-H.(1927). Le deşsin enfantin. LibrairieFelixAlcan.
  • Malchiodi, C. A. (1998). Understanding children’s drawings. Guilford Press.
  • Matthews, J., & Seow, P. (2007). Electronic paint: Understanding children's representation through their interactions with digital paint. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 26(3), 251-263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-8070.2007.00536.x
  • Miller, D. I., Nolla, K. M., Eagly, A. H., & Uttal, D. H. (2018). The development of children's gender‐science stereotypes: A meta‐analysis of 5 decades of US draw‐a‐scientist studies. Child Development, 89(6), 1943-1955. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13039
  • Özsoy, V. (2005). İlköğretim sanat eğitimi kuramları ve yöntemleri. Görsel Sanatlar Eğitimi Derneği Yayınları
  • Paule Ruiz, M., Sánchez Santillán, M., & Pérez-Pérez, J. R. (2023). Freehand drawing activity: A comparison between tablet-finger vs paper&crayon throughout time. Behaviour & Information Technology, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2023.2196578
  • Piaget, J. (1956). The child's conception of Space. R Kegan Paul.
  • Picard, D., Martin, P., & Tsao, R. (2014). iPads at school? A quantitative comparison of elementary schoolchildren's pen-on-paper versus finger-on-screen drawing skills. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 50(2), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.2190/EC.50.2
  • Quaglia, R., Longobardi, C., Iotti, N. O., & Prino, L. E. (2015). A new theory on children's drawings: Analyzing the role of emotion and movement in graphical development. Infant Behavior and Development, 39, 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.02.009
  • Schmidgall, S. P., Scheiter, K., & Eitel, A. (2020). Can we further improve tablet-based drawing to enhance learning? An empirical test of two types of support. Instructional Science, 48(4), 453-474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-020-09513-6
  • Smith, M.Q.P. & Ruxton, G.D. (2020). Effective use of the McNemar test. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 74, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-020-02916-y
  • Üstün Vural, D. (2009). Çocuğun sanatsal (Grafiksel) gelişim basamakları. A.O. Alakuş, & L. Mercin, (Eds), Sanat Eğitimi ve Görsel Sanatlar Öğretimi (ss. 129-165). Pegem Akademi.
  • Wright, L., & Black, F. (2013). Monochrome males and colorful females: Do gender and age influence the color and content of drawings? SAGE Open, 3(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013509254
  • Yadav, S., & Chakraborty, P. (2017). Children aged two to four are able to scribble and draw using a smartphone app. Acta Paediatrica, 106(6), 991-994. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13818
  • Yadav, S., Chakraborty, P., & Mittal, P. (2022). Designing drawing apps for children: Artistic and technological factors. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 38(2), 103-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2021.1926113
  • Yalçın, M., & Erginer, A. (2014). İlköğretim okulu öğrencilerinin okul müdürü algılarına ilişkin yaptıkları çizimler. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39(171), 270-285. http://eb.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/2301/610
  • Yavuzer, H. (2005). Resimleriyle çocuk. Remzi Kitap Evi.
  • Yolcu, E. (2009). Sanat eğitimi kuramları ve yöntemleri. Nobel Yayın
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Fine Arts Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yahya Hiçyılmaz 0000-0003-3453-9998

Early Pub Date August 19, 2023
Publication Date August 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 20 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Hiçyılmaz, Y. (2023). Geleneksel ve Mobil Yöntemlerle Çizim Yapan Çocukların Çizim Becerileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 690-703. https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.1284940