Türkiye'de Yetiştirilen Ticari Ekmeklik Buğday Çeşitlerinde Embriyo Kararması Taraması ve Embriyo Kararmasının Bin Dane Ağırlığına Etkisi

Year 2023, , 230 - 238, 30.04.2023

Uğur Sesiz

https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1170102

Abstract

Embriyo kararması, buğday ve arpa embriyosunda ortaya çıkan bir renk değişikliğidir ve buğday yetiştirilen birçok bölgede önemli bir sorun haline gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de 1931 ve 2017 yılları arasında tarımı yapılan 200 adet ticari ekmeklik buğday çeşidi embriyo kararmasına karşı taranmış ve tüm çeşitlerde embriyo kararmasının bin dane ağırlığına etkisi gözlemlenmiştir. Denemeler, 2016-17 yetiştirme sezonunda üç çevrede augmented deneme desenine uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Embriyo kararması ve bin dane ağırlığı bakımından çeşitler arasında yüksek bir varyasyon gözlenmiştir. On-iki adet çeşit (popülasyonun %6'sı) hiçbir ortamda (%0.00) renk değişikliği göstermemişken, 44 adet çeşit (popülasyonun %22'si) %10.00'dan fazla renk değişikliği göstermiştir. En duyarlı ilk üç çeşit sırasıyla 38.76, 32.08 ve 27.5 embriyo kararma yüzdeleri göstermiştir. Kalan çeşitlerin seksen-sekizinde %5.00'e kadar renk değişimi görülürken, diğer çeşitlerde %5.00'den %24.00'e kadar renk değişimi görülmüştür. İlginç bir şekilde, embriyo kararması hasarı ile bin dane ağırlığı arasında pozitif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (r=0.32). En makul yorum, daha iri tohumların daha geniş tohum yüzeylerine sahip olmalarından dolayı patojenler ve oksidatif reaksiyonlar gibi embriyo kararması etmenlerinin etkisini artırmış olabileceğidir. Bu tarama, Türkiye'de iyi bilinen ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinde embriyo kararmasına duyarlı ve dayanıklı çeşitleri belirlememize olanak sağlamıştır. Bu nedenle, sonuçlar Türkiye’de ve dünya çapında buğday üretimi ve buğday ıslah çalışmaları için faydalı olacaktır.

Keywords

Bin dane ağırlığı, Ekmeklik buğday, Embriyo kararması, Triticum aestivum

The Screening of Black Point in Commercial Bread Wheat Cultivars Grown in Turkey, and The Effect of Black Point on Thousand Grain Weight

Abstract

The black point is a discoloration that shows up on the embryos of wheat and barley, and it is becoming an important problem in many wheat-growing areas. In this study, 200 commercially important bread wheat varieties that were cultivated between 1931 and 2017 in Turkey were screened in terms of black point, and the effect of black point was observed on thousand grain weight in all cultivars. The trials were conducted in accordance with the augmented block trial design in three environments during the 2016-17 growing season. A high variation was observed among the cultivars for black point and thousand grain weight. Twelve varieties (6% of populations) showed no discoloration (0.00%) in any environment, whereas 44 varieties (22% of population) showed discoloration rate more than 10.00%. The first three most susceptible cultivars showed black point percentages of 38.76, 32.08, and 27.5, respectively. In the remaining cultivars, eighty-eight showed discolorations up to 5.00%, whereas the rest demonstrated discoloration from 5.00% to 24.00%. Interestingly, a positive correlation was observed between black point damage and thousand grain weight (r=0.32). The reasonable interpretation is that the larger seed surfaces may have increased the effect of black point causes, such as pathogens and oxidative reactions. This screening enabled us to determine black point susceptible and tolerant cultivars in well-known bread wheat cultivars growing in Turkey. Hence, the results will be useful for wheat production and wheat breeding approaches in Turkey and around the world.

Keywords

Black point, Bread wheat, Thousand grain weight, Triticum aestivum

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