Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metallothionein Levels in Some Fish Species Living in Murat River

Year 2025, Volume: 30 Issue: 2, 445 - 458, 31.08.2025

Hülya Yıldırım , Necati Özok

https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1641740

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mn, Pb, Ni, Zn and hepatic metallothionein (MT) in muscle, liver, kidney and gills of Capoeta trutta and Capoeta umbla caught from the Murat River. The length and weight of the fish were measured. The physical and chemical properties of the river water were measured and compared with the tolerable limits of Turkish Standards Institute (TSE). The tissues to be analysed for heavy metals were prepared for the analyses using the wet incineration method in a closed system. The heavy metal content of the samples was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Differences in heavy metal accumulation of Capoeta trutta and Capoeta umbla in different tissues and different metal species were determined. The levels of Cr, Mn, Ni and Fe in the muscle tissues of Capoeta trutta were higher than the limits recommended for fish by the Turkish Food Codex (TGK), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organisation (WHO). Muscle Cr, Mn, Ni and Fe levels of Capoeta umbla were higher than the tolerable levels recommended by FAO and WHO. Heavy metals cannot be metabolised in tissues. They tend to accumulate. It has been observed that this accumulation varies in muscle, liver, kidney and gills according to organ structure, metabolic activity and defence mechanisms against toxic substances. MT, an indicator of tissue metal accumulation, was found to differ between Capoeta trutta and Capoeta umbla liver tissues.

Keywords

Capoeta trutta , Capoeta umbla , Heavy metal , Metallothionein , Murat River

Ethical Statement

Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee's decision dated 28.11.2019 and numbered 2019/11

Supporting Institution

Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office

Project Number

FYL-2020-9286

Murat Nehri'nde Yaşayan Bazı Balık Türlerinde Metallerin Biyoakümülasyonu ve Metallothionein Seviyeleri

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Murat Nehri'nde yaşayan Capoeta trutta ve Capoeta umbla balıklarının kas, karaciğer, böbrek ve solungaçlarındaki Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, Zn ve karaciğer metallothionein (MT) seviyelerini belirlemektir. Balıkların boy ve ağırlıkları ölçülmüştür. Nehir suyunun fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri ölçülmüş ve Türk Standartları Enstitüsü'nün (TSE) tolere edilebilir limitleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Ağır metal analizi yapılacak dokular kapalı sistem yaş yakma metodu kullanılarak analizlere hazır hale getirildi. Örneklerin ağır metal içeriği indüktif eşleşmiş plazma optik emisyon spektroskopisi (ICP-OES) ile ölçülmüştür. Capoeta trutta ve Capoeta umbla'nın farklı dokularında ve farklı metal türlerinde ağır metal birikimindeki farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Capoeta trutta'nın kas dokularındaki Cr, Mn, Ni ve Fe seviyeleri, Türk Gıda Kodeksi (TGK), Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü (FAO) ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından balıklar için önerilen limitlerden daha yüksek ölçüldü. Capoeta umbla'nın kas Cr, Mn, Ni ve Fe seviyeleri FAO ve WHO tarafından önerilen tolere edilebilir seviyelerden daha yükse bulundu. Ağır metaller dokularda metabolize edilemezler. Birikme eğilimindedirler. Bu birikimin kas, karaciğer, böbrek ve solungaçlarda organ yapısı, metabolik aktivite ve toksik maddelere karşı savunma mekanizmalarına göre değiştiği gözlemlenmiştir. Dokulardaki metal birikiminin bir göstergesi olan MT seviyesi Capoeta trutta ve Capoeta umbla karaciğer dokusunda farklı bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Ağır metal , Capoeta trutta , Capoeta umbla , Metallothionein , Murat Nehri

Ethical Statement

Murat Nehri'nde yaşayan balıklarda ağır metal iyonlarının belirlenmesi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu'nun 28.11.2019 tarih ve 2019/11 sayılı kararı

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Ofisi tarafından FYL-2020-9286 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

Project Number

FYL-2020-9286

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