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Konstantinopolis'in İaşesinde Devlet Kontrolü ve Ticaretin Etkisi

Year 2024, , 147 - 159, 25.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1476700

Abstract

Bu makale, on birinci yüzyılın sonlarından şehrin düşüşüne kadar Konstantinopolis'in iaşe sistemini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bizans ekonomik yapısının geçirdiği dönüşümün izini süren makale, Roma modelindeki devlet kontrollü tedarik sisteminden yabancı tüccarların, özellikle de İtalyanların etkisiyle daha merkezi olmayan bir sisteme geçişe odaklanıyor. Konstantinopolis'in demografik dalgalanmalarını inceleyen makale, Komnenos Dönemi'ndeki nüfus artışını ve toprak kayıplarının yarattığı zorlukları vurgulamaktadır. Yabancı tüccarların oynadığı önemli rolü, lonca dinamiklerindeki değişimleri ve imparatorluk başkentinin ikmalinde devlet müdahalesi ile ticari faaliyet arasındaki değişen dengeyi incelemektedir. Theodosius Kanunnamesi gibi hukuki metinlere ve çağdaş anlatılara dayanarak, özellikle yedinci yüzyılda Mısır'ın kaybedilmesinden sonra, iaşe sistemi üzerindeki devlet kontrolünün kademeli olarak gevşediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu analiz sayesinde makale, jeopolitik çalkantılar ve demografik değişimler arasında Konstantinopolis'in gıda tedarikinin sürdürülmesinde devlet otoritesi, ekonomik yapılar ve dış etkenler arasındaki karmaşık etkileşime ışık tutmaktadır.

References

  • Cameron, A. (2006). The Byzantines. Singapore: Blackwell.
  • Choniates, N. (2000). O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates (H. J. Magoulias, Trans.). Cambridge, Ontario: In parentheses Publications.
  • Comnena, A. (2000). The Alexiad (E. A. S. Dawes, Trans.). Cambridge, Ontario: In parentheses Publications.
  • Doukas. (1975). Decline and Fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks (H. J. Magoulias, Trans.). Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
  • Frankopan, P. (2009). Land and Power in the Middle and Later Period. In The Social History of Byzantium (pp. 112-142). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Gregory, T. E. (2010). A History of Byzantium. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Haldon, J. (2005). The Palgrave Atlas of Byzantine History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hendy, M. F. (1985). Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heyd, W. (1975). Yakın-Doğu Ticaret Tarihi. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.
  • Ibn Battuta. (2000). Ibn Battuta Seyahatnamesi (A. S. Aykut, Trans.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
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  • Laiou, A. (1980-1981). The Byzantine Economy in the Mediterranean Trade System; Thirteenth-Fifteenth Centuries. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 34/35, 177-222.
  • Lopez, R. S., & Raymond, I. W. (1955). Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World: Illustrative Documents. New York: Columbia University Press.
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  • Magdalino, P. (1993). The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143-1180. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Magdalino, P. (1995). The Grain Supply of Constantinople, Nineth-Twelfth Centuries. In Constantinople and Its Hinterland (pp. 35-48). Vermont: Variorum.
  • Marzials, F. (2007). Chronicles of the Crusades Villehardouin and De Joinville. New York: Dover Publications.
  • Matschke, K.-P. (2002). Commerce, Trade, Markets, and Money: Thirteenth–Fifteenth Centuries. The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, Dumbarton Oaks Studies, 39, 771-806.
  • Necipoğlu, N. (2009). Byzantium between the Latins and the Ottomans. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nicolle, D. (2000). Constantinople 1453: The End of Byzantium. Osprey Publishing.
  • Oikonomides, N. (1986). Silk Trade and Production in Byzantium from the Sixth to the Ninth Century: The Seals of Kommerkiarioi. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 40, 33-53. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1291528
  • Oikonomides, N. (2002). The Role of the Byzantine State in the Economy. The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, Dumbarton Oaks Studies, 39, 973-1058.
  • Tabakoğlu, A., & Karataşer, B. (2017). İstanbul’un İaşesinde Trakya Bölgesinin Rolü. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, 2017(1), 1-23.
  • Teall, J. L. (1986). The Grain Supply of the Byzantine Empire, 330-1025. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 13, 87-139.
  • Treadgold, W. (1997). A History of Byzantine State and Society. California: Stanford University Press.
  • Turnator, G. E. (2000). The Provisioning of Byzantine Constantinople (Master's thesis). Bogazici University.
  • Uzun, A. (2015). İstanbul’un İaşesi. In Antik Çağ’dan XXI. Yüzyıla Büyük İstanbul Tarihi (pp. 56-80).

State Control and Commercial Influence in Provisioning Constantinople

Year 2024, , 147 - 159, 25.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1476700

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the provisioning system of Constantinople from the late eleventh century to the city's fall. It traces the evolution of Byzantine economic structures, focusing on the transition from state-controlled supply under the Roman model to a more decentralized system influenced by foreign merchants, particularly Italians. The paper explores the demographic fluctuations of Constantinople, highlighting population growth during the Komnenian Period and the challenges posed by territorial losses. It examines the crucial role of foreign merchants, changes in guild dynamics, and the shifting balance between state intervention and commercial activity in supplying the imperial capital. Drawing on legal texts like the Theodosian Code and contemporary accounts, it reveals a gradual loosening of state control over provisioning, particularly after the loss of Egypt in the seventh century. Through this analysis, the article sheds light on the complex interplay between state authority, economic structures, and external factors in sustaining the food supply of Constantinople amidst geopolitical upheavals and demographic changes.

References

  • Cameron, A. (2006). The Byzantines. Singapore: Blackwell.
  • Choniates, N. (2000). O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates (H. J. Magoulias, Trans.). Cambridge, Ontario: In parentheses Publications.
  • Comnena, A. (2000). The Alexiad (E. A. S. Dawes, Trans.). Cambridge, Ontario: In parentheses Publications.
  • Doukas. (1975). Decline and Fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks (H. J. Magoulias, Trans.). Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
  • Frankopan, P. (2009). Land and Power in the Middle and Later Period. In The Social History of Byzantium (pp. 112-142). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Gregory, T. E. (2010). A History of Byzantium. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Haldon, J. (2005). The Palgrave Atlas of Byzantine History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hendy, M. F. (1985). Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heyd, W. (1975). Yakın-Doğu Ticaret Tarihi. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.
  • Ibn Battuta. (2000). Ibn Battuta Seyahatnamesi (A. S. Aykut, Trans.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Laiou, A. E., & Morrisson, C. (2007). The Byzantine Economy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Laiou, A. E. (2002). Economic Thought and Ideology. The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, Dumbarton Oaks Studies, 39, 1123-1144.
  • Laiou, A. (2008). Political-Historical Survey, 1204-1453. In The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies (pp. 280-294). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Laiou, A. (1980-1981). The Byzantine Economy in the Mediterranean Trade System; Thirteenth-Fifteenth Centuries. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 34/35, 177-222.
  • Lopez, R. S., & Raymond, I. W. (1955). Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World: Illustrative Documents. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Madden, T. F. (Ed.). (2004). Crusades The Illustrated History. The University of Michigan Press.
  • Magdalino, P. (1993). The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143-1180. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Magdalino, P. (1995). The Grain Supply of Constantinople, Nineth-Twelfth Centuries. In Constantinople and Its Hinterland (pp. 35-48). Vermont: Variorum.
  • Marzials, F. (2007). Chronicles of the Crusades Villehardouin and De Joinville. New York: Dover Publications.
  • Matschke, K.-P. (2002). Commerce, Trade, Markets, and Money: Thirteenth–Fifteenth Centuries. The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, Dumbarton Oaks Studies, 39, 771-806.
  • Necipoğlu, N. (2009). Byzantium between the Latins and the Ottomans. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nicolle, D. (2000). Constantinople 1453: The End of Byzantium. Osprey Publishing.
  • Oikonomides, N. (1986). Silk Trade and Production in Byzantium from the Sixth to the Ninth Century: The Seals of Kommerkiarioi. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 40, 33-53. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1291528
  • Oikonomides, N. (2002). The Role of the Byzantine State in the Economy. The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, Dumbarton Oaks Studies, 39, 973-1058.
  • Tabakoğlu, A., & Karataşer, B. (2017). İstanbul’un İaşesinde Trakya Bölgesinin Rolü. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, 2017(1), 1-23.
  • Teall, J. L. (1986). The Grain Supply of the Byzantine Empire, 330-1025. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 13, 87-139.
  • Treadgold, W. (1997). A History of Byzantine State and Society. California: Stanford University Press.
  • Turnator, G. E. (2000). The Provisioning of Byzantine Constantinople (Master's thesis). Bogazici University.
  • Uzun, A. (2015). İstanbul’un İaşesi. In Antik Çağ’dan XXI. Yüzyıla Büyük İstanbul Tarihi (pp. 56-80).
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Historical Geography
Journal Section Issue
Authors

Hüseyin Erkan Bedirhanoğlu 0000-0002-8980-6267

Early Pub Date December 25, 2024
Publication Date December 25, 2024
Submission Date May 1, 2024
Acceptance Date July 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Bedirhanoğlu, H. E. (2024). State Control and Commercial Influence in Provisioning Constantinople. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(66), 147-159. https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1476700

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