Çin’in Deniz İpek Yolu Projesi: Gwadar Limanı

Year 2022, Issue: 55, 101 - 117, 30.04.2022

Yeşim Demir

https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1111817

Abstract

Enerji ve diğer kaynakların önem kazanması, bu kaynaklara ulaşabilme, kaynakların deniz yolu ile kolay taşınması ve enerji yollarının güvenliğini sağlama isteği denizcilik alanında mücadeleye ve liman arayışlarına neden olmuştur. Bu doğrultuda dünyanın en büyük ikinci ekonomisi olan Çin’in “Tek Kuşak Tek Yol” projesi çerçevesinde enerji ihtiyacı ve bu ihtiyacını karşılamadaki güvenlik arayışı karada olduğu kadar denizde de zorunlu hale gelmiş ve Çin, güvenliğini denizlerde “İnci Dizisi Stratejisi” kapsamında “Son İnci” Gwadar Limanı ile sağlamayı hedeflemiştir. Gwadar Limanı, jeo-politik ve jeo-ekonomik konumundan dolayı bölge devletleri arasında rekabeti de artıran bir faktör olmuştur. Çünkü stratejik konumdaki yol ve limanlara sahip bölgesel bir güç küresel güç olmaya adaydır. Bu liman projesi ile kendini çevrelenmiş hisseden Hindistan ise Çabahar Limanı projesine yatırım yapmıştır. Çin ve Pakistan için jeo-ekonomik ve jeo-stratejik avantajlar sunan Gwadar Limanı, coğrafi şartlar nedeniyle Çabahar’dan daha avantajlı durumdadır. Bunun yanında, terör tehdidi ve finansman sorunu gibi engeller ve zorluklar aşılabildiği ölçüde Gwadar Limanı’nın başarılı bir proje olabileceği öngörülmektedir.

Keywords

Çin, Pakistan, Hindistan, Gwadar Limanı, Çabahar Limanı

China’s Marine Silk Road Project: Gwadar Port

Abstract

The importance of energy and other resources, access to these resources, easy transportation of resources by sea and the desire to ensure the safety of energy routes have led to a struggle in the field of maritime and the search for ports. In this direction, within the framework of the “One Belt One Road” project of China, which is the second largest economy in the world, the energy needs and the search for security in meeting this need have become obligatory at sea as well as on land. China aimed to ensure its security at sea with the “Last Pearl” Gwadar Port within the scope of the “Pearl Sequence Strategy”. Due to its geo-political and geo-economic location, Gwadar Port has also been a factor that increases the competition between the states of the region. Because a regional power with strategically located roads and ports is a candidate to become a global power. Feeling surrounded by this port project, India invested in the Chabahar Port project. Gwadar Port, which offers geo-economic and geo-strategic advantages for China and Pakistan, is more advantageous than Chabahar due to geographical conditions. In addition, it is foreseen that Gwadar Port will be a successful project to the extent that obstacles and difficulties such as terrorist threat and financing problem can be overcome.

Keywords

China, Pakistan, India, Gwadar Port, Chabahar Port

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