Effects of Traditional Tillage, Conserved Tillage and No Tillage Methods and Some Allelopathic Practices on Weed Growth in Organic Vineyards

Year 2022, , 286 - 299, 30.06.2022

Koray Kaçan , Fadime Ateş Engin Çakır İkbal Aygün

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1039750

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effects of some tillage methods; it included conventional tillage and conservation tillage with some weed control applications on weed manifestation in organic vineyards. The organic vineyard experiment area was designed as main and sub-plots. The effects of some methods of conventional tillage, no-tillage, and conservation tillage on weed coverage, densities, fresh weight, and dry weight were determined in the organic vineyard experiment area. These tillage methods were applied in the main plots. A chisel and heavy-duty disk harrow were used for conservation tillage methods. The plough and disc harrow were also applied as conventional methods. Other allelopathic methods (olive mill wastewater, radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) were applied as sub-plots in the experiment area. As a result of the statistical analysis of the values obtained in the study, the most effective method, the application of the plough and disc harrow, was determined for weed coverage and fresh and dry weight weeds in the main plots. The olive mill wastewater was also determined as the most effective application in the sub-plots. In terms of grape yield, the most effective method in the main plots was the plough + disc harrow application (6.8068 kg vinestock‒1). The planting of broccoli (6.4485 kg vinestock‒1) was determined as the most effective sub-plot application for grape yield.

Keywords

Organic, Vineyard, Weed, Soil tillage applications

Project Number

TAGEM/BBAD/17/A08/P08/01

References

• Aksoy, U., & Altindişli, A. (1999). Ecological Agricultural Products Production, Export and Development Opportunities in The World and Turkey. İstanbul Chamber of Commerce, Publication No: 1999‒70, İstanbul.
• Barberi, P., & Lo Cascio, B. (2001). Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on weed seedbank size and composition. – Weed Research. 41: 325‒340.
• Boomsma, C.R., Santini, J.B., West, T.D., Brewer, J.C., McIntyre, L.M., & Vyn, T.J. (2010). Maize grain yield responses to plant height variability resulting from crop rotation and tillage system in a long-term experiment. Soil Tillage Research, 106: 227‒240.
• Børresen T., & Njøs A. (1994). The effect of ploughing depth and seedbed preparation on crop yields, weed infestation and soil properties from 1940 to 1990 on a loam soil in south eastern Norway. Soil Tillage Research, 32: 21–39.
• Boström, U. (1999). Type and time of autumn tillage with and without herbicides at reduced rates in southern Sweden 1. Yields and weed quantity. Soil Tillage Research, 50: 271–281.
• Boz, Ö., Doğan, M. N., & Albay, F. (2003). Olive processing wastes for weed control – Weed Research, 43:439‒443.
• Bremner, J. M. (1996). Nitrogen-total. In: Bartels, J.M., Bigham, J.M. (eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3: Chemical methods. Soil Science Society of America and the American Society of Agronomy, 1085‒1121.
• Buhler, D., Hartzler, R., & Forcella, F. (1997). Implications of weed seedbank dynamics to weed management. Weed Science, 45: 329‒336.
• Buhler, D.D., Kohler, K.A., & Thompson, R.L. (2001). Weed seed bank dynamics during a five-year crop rotation. Weed Technology, 15: 170–176.
• Cardina, J., Herms, C. P., & Doohan, D. J. (2002). Crop rotation and tillage effects on weed seed banks. Weed Science, 50: 448‒460.
• Chauhan, B.S., Gill, G., & Preston, C. (2006). Influence of tillage system on vertical distribution, seedling recruitment and persistence of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidorum) seed bank. Weed Science, 54: 669‒676.
• Davis, P.H. (1965-1988). Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. Vol: 1-9, Edinburg University Publications, Edinburg, U.K.
• Davis, A. S., Renner, K. A., & Gross, K. L. (2005). Weed seedbank and community shifts in a long-term cropping systems experiment. Weed Science, 53:296‒306. Doi: 10.1614/WS-04-182.
• Din, S., Ramzan, M., Khan, R., Rahman, M., Haroon, M., Khan, T. A., & Samad, A. (2013). Impact of tillage and mulching practices on weed biomass and yield components of maize under rainfed condition. Pakistan Journal Weed Sciences Research, 19 (2): 201‒208.
• Drury, C. F., Tan, C., Welacky, T. W., Olaya, T. O., Hamill, A. S., & Weaver, S. E. (1999). Red clover and tillage influence on soil temperature, water content, and corn emergence. Agronomy Journal, 91: 101–108.
• FAO (2009). Food Security and Agriculture mitigation in developing countries: options for capturing synergies. FAO, Rome
• FAOSTAT (2017). The Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations, Pesticide uses, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RP
• FAOSTAT (2018). The Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations, Crops Data, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC
• Farooq, M., Flower, K.C., Jabran, K., Wahid, A., & Siddique, K. H. M. (2011). Crop yield and weed management in rainfe conservation agriculture. Soil Tillage Research, 117: 172‒183.
• Fu, L,, Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Wu, B., & Zhao, D. (2020). Tree water-use efficiency and growth dynamics in response to climatic and environmental changes in a temperate forest in Beijing, China Environment International, 105209, 134:1‒10, Doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105209.
• Gruber, S., & Claupein, W. (2009). Effect of tillage intensity on weed infestation in organic farming. Soil Tillage Research, 105: 101–111.
• Hall, R.M., Penke, N., Kriechbaum, M., Kratschmer, S., Jung, V., Chollet, S., Guernion, M., Nîcolai, A., Burel, F., Fertil, A., Lora, A., Sánchez-Cuesta, R., Guzmán, G., Gómez, J., Popescu, D., Hoble, A., Bunea, C.-I., Zaller, J.G., & Winter, S. (2020). Vegetation management intensity and landscape diversify alter plant species richness, functional traits and community composition across European vineyards. Agricultural System, 177, ISSN 0308-521X, 1‒14, Doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102706.
• Harker, K. N., & Clayton, G. W. (2004). Diversified weed management systems. In: Inderjit (Ed.), Principles and practices in weed management. biology and management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 251‒265, Dordrecht, The Netherlands,
• Hashimi, R., Komatsuzaki, M., Mineta, T., Kaneda, S., & Kaneko, N. (2019). Potential for no-tillage and clipped-weed mulching to improve soil quality and yield in organic eggplant production. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 35 (3): 158‒171, Doi: 10.1080/01448765.2019.1577757
• Ilter, E., Altındişli, A., & İlter, U. (1998). A study on the effects of environmentally friendly and intensive agricultural production methods on grape yield and quality in round sultani grape variety. Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute. 4. Viticulture Symposium, 20-23 October, Yalova, Turkey.
• IPCC (2014). Climate change: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. In: Barros VR, Field CB, Dokken DJ, Mastrandrea MD, Mach KJ, Bilir TE, Chatterjee M, Ebi KL, Estrada YO, Genova RC, Girma B, Kissel ES, Levy AN, MacCracken S, Mastrandrea PR, White LL (eds) Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
• Jabran, K.,& Farooq, M. (2013). Implications of potential allelopathic crops in agricultural systems. – Allelopathy. 349‒385, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-30595-5_15.
• Jabran, K., & Mehmood, A. A. (2015). Higher yield and economic benefits for wheat planted in conservation till systems. YYU Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 25: 78‒83.
• Kaçan, K., & Boz, Ö. (2014). Investigation of alternative weed management methods in organic vineyards of the Aegean region. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Special Issue, 2, 1369‒1373.
• Kazakou, E., Fried, G., Richane, J., Gimenez, O., Violle, C., & Metay, A. (2016). A plant trait- based response-and-effect framework to assess vineyard inter-row soil management. Botany Letters, 2016 Vol. 163, No. 4, 373–388, Doi: 10.1080/238J 8J07.2016.1232205.
• Kende, Z., Sallai, A., Kassai, K., Mikó, P., Percze, A., & Birkás, M. (2017). The Effects f Tillage-Induced Soil Disturbance on Weed Infestation of Winter Wheat. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2017;26(3):1131–1138, Doi:10.15244/pjoes/67552.
• Kortekamp, A. (2011). Herbicides and Environment. Published by InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, ISBN: 978-953‒307‒476‒4, https://library.umac.mo/ebooks/b28109740.pdf
• Lampurlanes, J., Angas, P., & Cantero-Martinez C. (2001). Soil bulk density and pnetration resistance under different tillage and crop management systems and their relationship with barley root growth. Field Crops Research, 69:27‒40.
• Légère, A., Stevenson, F. C., & Benoit, D. L. (2011). The Selective Memory of Weed Seedbanks after 18 Years of Conservation Tillage. Weed Science, 59:98‒106.
• Martino, D. L., & Shaykewich, C. F. (1994). Root penetration profiles of wheat and barley as affected by soil penetration resistance in field conditions. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 74, 193‒200.
• Mashingaidze, N., Madakadze, C., Twomlow, S., Nyamangara, J., & Hove, L. (2012). Crop yield and weed growth under conservation agriculture in semi-arid Zimbabwe. Soil Tillage Research, 124: 102‒110.
• McLean, E. O. (1982). Soil pH and lime requirement. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part II. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. Agronomy. No: 9 Madison, 199‒224, Wisconsin, USA.
• MMMID (2019). Manisa Metropolitan Municipality Introducing Document, http://www.manisa.bel.tr/s23_manisa-cografyasi.aspx Naab, J.B., Mahama, G.Y., Yahaya, I., & Prasad, P.V.V. (2017). Conservation agriculture improves soil quality, crop yield, and incomes of smallholder farmers in North Western Ghana. Frontiers in Plant Science, 1‒15, Doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00996.
• Nelson, D. W., & Sommers, L. E. (1982). Organic Matter. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties Second Edition. Agronomy. No: 9 Part 2. Edition. 574‒579. Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana.
• Nyagumbo, I. (2008). A review of experiences and developments towards conservation agriculture and related systems in Zimbabwe. In: Goddard, T., Zoebisch, M., Gan, Y., Ellis, E., Watson, A., Sombatpanit, S. (Eds.), No till Farming Systems. Special Publication No.3. The World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWC), pp. 345‒372.
• Nziguheba, G., Merckx, R., Palm, C.A., & Rao, M. R. (2000). Organic residues affect phosphorus availability and maize yields in a Nitisol of Western Kenya. Biol Fertil Soils 32:328–339. Doi:10.1007/s003740000256.
• Oerke, E.C., & Dehne, H.W. (2004). Safeguarding Production, Losses in major crops and the role of crop protection. Crop Protection, 23:275‒285. Doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2003.10.001.
• Oerke, C. E. (2006). Crop losses to pests, Journal of Agricultural Science-Cambridge, 144, 31‒43. Doi: 10.1017/S0021859605005708. Olsen, S. R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F. S., & Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. – USDA, Circular 939, Washington DC, USA.
• Öğüt, D. (2007). Determination of weed species in nurseries in Aydın province and the evaluation of the efficacies of different weed control methods for controlling weeds in fig nurseries. Adnan Menderes University. Science Institute. Master's Thesis, p. 87, Aydın, Turkey.
• Reddiex, S. J., Wratten, S. D., Hill, G. D., Bourdot, G. W., & Frampton, C. M. (2001). Evaluation of mechanical weed management techniquies on weed and crop population. Plant Protection, Proceeding of Conference, (14-16 Agust 2001), 54: 174‒178, Rotorua, New Zealend.
• Rhoades, J. D. (1996). Salinity: Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part III. Chemical Methods. 2nd Edition Agronomy. No: 5. 417‒436, Madison Wisconsin, USA.
• Ryan M. R., Mortenson, D. A., Seidel, R., Smith, R. G., & Grantham, A. M. (2009). Weed community response to no-tillage practices in organic and conventional corn. Proceedings of the Northeastern Weed Science Society 63: 94. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
• Samarajeewa, K. B. D. P., Horiuchi, T., & Oba, S. (2006). Finger millet (Eleucine corocana L. Garetn) as a cover crop on weed control, growth and yield of soybean under different tillage systems. – Soil Tillage Research, 90: 93‒99.
• Shahzad, M., Farooq, M., & Hussain, M. (2016). Weed spectrum in different wheat-based cropping systems under conservation and conventional tillage practices in Punjab, Pakistan. Soil Tillage Research, 163:71‒79.
• Skuodiene, R., Karcauskiene, D., Repsiene, R., & Gintares, S. (2018). Changes in the weed communities as affected by different primary soil tillage and deep loosening. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science, 68:643‒648.
• Sosnoskie, L. M., Herms, C. P., & Cardina, J. (2006). Weed seed bank community composition in a 35 years old tillage and rotation experiment. Weed Science, 54:263‒273.
• Sasode, D. S., Joshi, E., Gupta, V., & Singh, Y. K. (2020). Weed flora dynamics and growth response of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) to weed management practices. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9(4): 365–370.
• Steckel, L. E., Sprague, C. L., Stoller, E. W., Wax, L. M., & Simmons, F. W. (2007). Tillage, cropping system, and soil depth effects on common water hemp (Amaranthus rudis) seed-bank persistence. Weed Science, 55: 235‒239.
• Succarrie, A., Xu, Z., Wang, W., Liu, T., Zhang, X., & Cao, X. (2020). Effects of climate change on tree water use efficiency, nitrogen availability and growth in boreal forest of northern China. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 20:3607–3614. Doi: 10.1007/s11368-020-02734-9.
• Sumner, M. E., & Miller, W. P. (1996). Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3. Chemical Methods. No. 5. Wisconsin: Madison, 1201‒1230.
• Tepe, I. (1998). The problems and challenges weeds agriculture and non-agricultural areas in Turkey. Yüzüncü Yıl University Publications No. 32, 237 p. Van, Turkey.
• Thomas, G.W. (1982). Exchangable cations. P. 159‒165. Chemical and Microbiological properties. Agronomy Monograph No. 9 (2nd Ed) ASASSSA. Madison, Wisconsin. USA.
• Thomas. A. G., Derksen, D. A., Blackshaw, R. E.., Van Acker, R. C., Watson, P. R., & Turnbull, G. C. (2004). A multistudy approach to understanding weed population shifts in medium- to long-term tillage systems. Weed Science, 52: 874‒880.
• TMOARA (2005). Regulation on Organic Agriculture, Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture, Official Gazette 10.06.2005, no. 25841. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2006/10/20061017-10.htm
• Triplett Jr., G. B., & Dick, W. A. (2008). No-tillage crop production: a revolution in agriculture. Agronomy Journal, 100:153‒165. Doi:10.2134/agronj2007.0005c,
• TUIK (2019). Turkish Statistical Institute, Crop production stattistics, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr
• Unger, P.W. (1994). Impacts of tillage practices on water-use efficiency.White Paper Farming for a Better Environment. Journal of Soil Water Conservation, 24(2): 20‒28.
• Uygur, F.N., & Lanini, W. T. (2006). Weed control methods and side effects in organic agriculture. Turkey 3rd Organic Agriculture Symposium, 1–4 November 2006, Program and abstracts, 173‒184, Yalova, Turkey.
• Vaisman I., Entz, M. H., Flaten, D. N., & Gulden, R. H. (2011). Blade roller-green manure interactions on nitrogen dynamics, weeds and organic wheat. Agronomy Journal, 103:879-889. Doi:10.2134/agronj2010.0437.
• Wheeler, T., & Von, Braun, J. (2013). Climate change impacts on global food security. Science 341:508–513. Doi:10.1126/science.1239402.
• Woźniak, A. (2007). Content of weed seed in rendzina soil under spring triticale. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie Skłodowska, Agricultura, 62:250‒256.
• Yıldız, M., Gürkan, O., Turgut, C., & Ünal, G. (2005). Environmental problems caused by pesticides used in agricultural. TMMOB Agricultural Engineers 6. Technical Congress 3-7 January 2005, Turkey.