Extraction, Characterization and Antibacterial Potential Assessment of Polar Phytoconstituents of Caesalpinia bonducella Seeds Extract

Abstract

Plant-based medicine has been utilized to cure ailments at a low cost all over the world, medicinal plants are the primary source of medicines and the healthcare system. Traditional medicine has long utilized the seeds of Caesalpinia bonducella to cure a variety of symptoms and afflictions, including malaria, colic, fever, edema, leprosy, and abdominal pain. The current investigation aimed to identify the polar phytoconstituents and their antibacterial activity in Caesalpinia bonducella seed extracts using polar solvents (methanol, ethanol). The extraction of the phytoconstituents of seed powder of Caesalpinia bonducella was carried out by using Soxhlation method. Then the extract was examined by FT-IR, RP-HPLC, and the traces were confirmed by using the GC-MS technique. Antibacterial studies of the extract showed that the active constituents present in the extract have considerable activities against microbes like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Salmonella typhi. Perhaps it could serve as a substitute for the commercially available synthetic antibiotics. A microbial assay has been performed to assess the antibacterial potency of the identified phytochemicals.

Keywords

• Caesalpinia bonducella
• polar phytoconstituents
• antimicrobial activity.

References

1. Ali, A., Rao, N. V., Shalam, M. D., Gouda, T. S., & Kumar, S. M. (2009). Anticonvulsive effect of seed extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (Roxb.). International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 8, 51-55.
2. Arindam, B., Shruti, R., & Babu, C.R. (2007). A trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor from Caesalpinia bonduc seeds: Isolation, partial characterization, and insecticidal properties. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 45(3-4),169-177. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.02.003
3. Ata, A., Gale, E. M., & Samarasekera, R. (2009). Bioactive chemical constituens of Caesalpinia bonduc (Fabaceae). Phytochemistry Letters, 2, 106–109. doi-https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol. 2009.02.002
4. Billah, M. M., Islam, R., Khatun, H., Parvin, S., Islam, E., Islam, S. M.A., & Mia, A. A. (2013). Antibacterial, antidiarrhoeal, and cytotoxic activities of methanol extract and its fractions of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb leaves. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13, 101.
5. Gadakh, M. J., Jadhav, R. S., & Vikhe, D. N. (2020). Biological potential of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds: A review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 10(3-s), 308-310. doi: https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/4059
6. Ghosh, A., & Khamkat, P. (2021). Herbosome: A new era of lipid based drug delivery system. Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences, 7(3), 126-40.
7. Gupta, M., Mazumder, U., Kumar, R. S., & Kumar, T. S. (2003). Studies on anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of methanol extract of C. bonducella leaves in experimental animal models. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2, 30–34.
8. İnci, Ş., Eren, A., Kirbağ, S., & Özkan, A. İ. (2021). Antimicrobial and Antioxidant effect of Ficaria verna Huds. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(2), 277-281. doi: https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.823401

9. Joshi, V., Joshi, M., & Mehta, A. (2016). Quantitative estimation of rutin from ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) seeds by HPLC. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 10(4), 292-296. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.040
10. Juvatkar, P. V., & Jadhav, A. G. (2021). Caesalpinia bonducella: A medicinal potential value. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 10(4), 206-214.
11. Kakade, N. R., Pingale, S. S., & Chaskar, M. G. (2017). Phytochemical and pharmacological review of Caesalpinia bonducella. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 7(12), 12-17. doi-10.7897/2230-8407.0712139
12. Kannur, D. M., Hukkeri, V. I., & Akki, K. S. (2006). Antidiabetic activity of Caesalpinia bonducella seed extracts in rats. Fitoterapia, 77, 546-549. doi- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2006.06.013
13. Kannur, D. M., Paranjpe, M. P., Sonavane, L. V., Dongre, P. P., & Khandelwal, K. R. (2012). Evaluation of Caesalpinia bonduc seed coat extract for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research, 3, 171-175. doi-10.4103/2231-4040.101010
14. Khamkat, P., Ghosh, A., & Mukherjee, S. (2022). Transfersomes: An innovative vesicular carrier for boosted transdermal delivery system. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 15(6), 2793-2800. doi- 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00467
15. Kumar, S.M., Upadhyaya, K., & Rishishwar, P. (2015). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and in-vitro antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) seeds. Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 5(3), 214-22. doi- https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v 12i4-S.5491
16. Mondal, P., Sarkar, A., Dutta, S., Khamkat, P., Barik, V., & Mondal, S. (2023). GC-MS analysis and assessment of the anthelmintic and antioxidant potential of the aerial parts of common Indian vegetative plant Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) standley (LS). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 13(3), 516-525.
17. Manikandaselvi, S., Vadivel, V., & Brindha, P. (2016). Studies on nutraceutical properties of Caesalpinia bonducella L; An Indian traditional medicinal plant. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 10, 127-139. doi-10.3923/rjmp.2016.127.139
18. Mehra, B., Maurya, S. K., & Dwivedi, K. N. (2015). Pharmacognostic evaluation of Latakaranja Caesalpinia bonduc [L.] Roxb. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 9(4), 63-69.
19. Moon, K., Khadabadi, S. S., Deokate, U. A., & Deore, S. L. (2010). Caesalpinia bonducella F: An overview. Report and Opinion, 2, 13-23.
20. Nakajima, K., Nonaka, K., Yamamoto, K., Yamaguchi, N., Tani, K., & Nasu, M. (2005). Rapid monitoring of microbial contamination on herbal medicines by fluorescent staining method. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 40, 128-132. doi-10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01643.x
21. Pandey, D. D., Jain, A. P., & Kumar, A. (2018). Caesalpinia bonducella: A pharmacological important plant. Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation, 7(12), 190-193.
22. Sabu, A., Dan, M., & Thomas, S. (2003). Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Fleming. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 84(2-3), 157-159. doi-10.1186/1472-6882-13-101.
23. Sasidharan, S., Srinivasa Kumar, K. P., Kanti Das, S., & Hareendran Nair, J. (2021). Caesalpinia bonduc: A ubiquitous yet remarkable tropical plant owing various promising pharmacological and medicinal properties with special references to the seed. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Los Angeles), 10(7), 394.
24. Sembiring, E. N., Elya, B., & Sauriasari, R. (2018). Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid and total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of different parts of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10(1), 123-127. doi-10.5530/pj.2018.1.22
25. Shalini, K., & Ilango, K. (2021). Preliminary phytochemical studies, GC-MS analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants and its polyherbal formulation. Pharmacognosy Journal, 13(3), 648-659. doi-10.5530/pj.2021.13.83
26. Shukla, S. & Mehta, A. (2017). Antioxidant, total phenolics and total flavonoid content of the aqueous extract of Caesalpinia bonducella Seeds. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 44, 929- 938.
27. Simin, K., Khaliq‐uz‐Zaman, S. M., & Ahmad, V. U. (2001). Antimicrobial activity of seed extracts and bondenolide from Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Phytotherapy Research, 15(5), 437-40. doi-10.1002/ptr.756
28. Singh V., & Raghav, P. K. (2012). Review on pharmacological properties of Caesalpinia bonduc L. International Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2(3), 514-530.
29. Subbiah, V., Nagara ja, P., Narayan, P., & Nagendra, H. G. (2019). Evaluation of pharmacological properties of Caesalpinia bonducella seed and shell extract. Pharmacognosy Journal, 11(1), 150-154. doi-10.5530/pj.2019.1.25
30. Sundare, K. S., Periyanayagam, K., & Ismail, M. (2007). Mosquito larvicidal properties of various extract of leaves and fixed oil from the seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc (L) Roxb. Journal of Communication Disorders, 39, 153–157.