Role of Adding Bio-Inoculation, Mushroom Farm Waste, and Nano-fertilizers on The Content of Stevia Leaves of Total Carbohydrate Active Compounds

Zahraa Al-budairy; Luma S. Al-Taweel

doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1675195

Role of Adding Bio-Inoculation, Mushroom Farm Waste, and Nano-fertilizers on The Content of Stevia Leaves of Total Carbohydrate Active Compounds

Abstract

The experiment investigated the impact of P. aeruginosa bacteria, mushroom farm waste, and nano-fertilizers on carbohydrates, gibberellins, Stevioside, and Rebaudioside A. sweeteners in stevia plants. The study involved three factors: bacterial inoculation with two levels of P. aeruginosa, three levels of white mushroom waste, and four levels of nano-fertilizer, including options like nano-zinc and nano-boron. The research was conducted in the field using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to ensure reliable results. GenStat statistical data analysis is performed using specialized statistical software commonly used in the fields of agriculture and biology, particularly in the analysis of field and laboratory experimental data. P. aeruginosa plays an essential role in bioremediation, and producing antipathyogenic compounds. White button mushroom waste helps improve soil fertility. Nanofertilizers enhance nutrient uptake. Combining these treatments can increase the accumulation of natural sweeteners in stevia plants and improve their quality. The triple combination B1Ab1N3 achieved significant superiority in most of the studied traits, which included total carbohydrates during the first and second harvests, which recorded (77.5 and 70.8)%, respectively, compared to the control treatment B0Ab0N0, which recorded (40.7 and 30.29)%, respectively. In contrast, the triple combination B1Ab2N3 achieved the highest content of gibberellins and sweeteners Stevioside and Rebaudioside A. In the leaves of the stevia plant in the First and second harvest of stevia crop in sequence, it reached (20.88 and 22.86)%, (9.925 and 10.964)%, and (7.637 and 8.386)%, respectively, compared to the comparison treatment B0Ab0N0, which recorded (8.79 and 10.13)%, (5.335 and 5.716)% and (1.534 and 1.686)%.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No

Project Number

4

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology in Agriculture

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Zahraa Al-budairy ^*
0009-0003-3693-9992
Iraq

Luma S. Al-Taweel This is me
0009-0008-9038-0348
Iraq

Publication Date

December 25, 2025

Submission Date

April 13, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 16, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 35 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1675195

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA43JX84WW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Al-budairy, Z., & Al-Taweel, L. S. (2025). Role of Adding Bio-Inoculation, Mushroom Farm Waste, and Nano-fertilizers on The Content of Stevia Leaves of Total Carbohydrate Active Compounds. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 35(4), 707-727. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1675195

AMA

1.Al-budairy Z, Al-Taweel LS. Role of Adding Bio-Inoculation, Mushroom Farm Waste, and Nano-fertilizers on The Content of Stevia Leaves of Total Carbohydrate Active Compounds. YYU J AGR SCI. 2025;35(4):707-727. doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1675195

Chicago

Al-budairy, Zahraa, and Luma S. Al-Taweel. 2025. “Role of Adding Bio-Inoculation, Mushroom Farm Waste, and Nano-Fertilizers on The Content of Stevia Leaves of Total Carbohydrate Active Compounds”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 35 (4): 707-27. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1675195.

EndNote

Al-budairy Z, Al-Taweel LS (December 1, 2025) Role of Adding Bio-Inoculation, Mushroom Farm Waste, and Nano-fertilizers on The Content of Stevia Leaves of Total Carbohydrate Active Compounds. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 35 4 707–727.

IEEE

[1]Z. Al-budairy and L. S. Al-Taweel, “Role of Adding Bio-Inoculation, Mushroom Farm Waste, and Nano-fertilizers on The Content of Stevia Leaves of Total Carbohydrate Active Compounds”, YYU J AGR SCI, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 707–727, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.29133/yyutbd.1675195.

ISNAD

Al-budairy, Zahraa - Al-Taweel, Luma S. “Role of Adding Bio-Inoculation, Mushroom Farm Waste, and Nano-Fertilizers on The Content of Stevia Leaves of Total Carbohydrate Active Compounds”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 35/4 (December 1, 2025): 707-727. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1675195.

JAMA

1.Al-budairy Z, Al-Taweel LS. Role of Adding Bio-Inoculation, Mushroom Farm Waste, and Nano-fertilizers on The Content of Stevia Leaves of Total Carbohydrate Active Compounds. YYU J AGR SCI. 2025;35:707–727.

MLA

Al-budairy, Zahraa, and Luma S. Al-Taweel. “Role of Adding Bio-Inoculation, Mushroom Farm Waste, and Nano-Fertilizers on The Content of Stevia Leaves of Total Carbohydrate Active Compounds”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 35, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 707-2, doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1675195.

Vancouver

1.Zahraa Al-budairy, Luma S. Al-Taweel. Role of Adding Bio-Inoculation, Mushroom Farm Waste, and Nano-fertilizers on The Content of Stevia Leaves of Total Carbohydrate Active Compounds. YYU J AGR SCI. 2025 Dec. 1;35(4):707-2. doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1675195

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Development and Statistical Evaluation of Fortified Soil Nutrient Formulation from Sugarcane Leaves Biomass for Soil Amelioration

Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1667829