The Effect of Reclaimed Wastewater and Clean Water Applications on the Yield and Quality Parameters of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Hasan Er; Muhammet Gökhan Gürbulak; Özlem Korkut; Yasemin Kuşlu

doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1837453

The Effect of Reclaimed Wastewater and Clean Water Applications on the Yield and Quality Parameters of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract

This study examined the effects of different irrigation methods, water quality, and irrigation levels on yield components and water-use efficiency of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under semi-arid climate conditions. The main objective of the study was to manage water use in the most efficient way while maintaining production efficiency in areas with limited water resources. This study is a field trial conducted in 2024 to compare surface drip irrigation (SDI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI) systems using three water sources of varying quality:freshwater (FW), reclaimed wastewater (RW), and mixed water (MW; 50% RW + 50% FW). Irrigation water amounts were determined from cumulative evaporation measured with a Class A pan, and four irrigation levels were established at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the full irrigation requirement. Seasonal evapotranspiration ranged from 116.0 to 468.8 mm. Water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) ranged from 1.42 to 5.49 kg m-3 and 1.72 to 6.62 kg m-3, respectively. Morphological traits included plant height (20.10–52.44 cm), stem diameter (9.83–10.05 mm), root length (15.44–27.40 cm), root weight (22.01–35.05 g), pod length (13.21–15.64 mm), and pod width (1.52–1.92 mm). Yield decreased significantly with increasing drought stress, indicating high sensitivity to irrigation levels. RW treatments outperformed FW in both yield and water-use efficiency, while MW produced results similar to RW, suggesting its potential as an alternative. Research findings indicate that integrating RW and MW with SDI and SSDI systems could be an effective strategy for ensuring sustainable bean production in arid and semi-arid regions.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Atatürk University Scientific Research Coordination Unit

Project Number

FCD-2024-13438, funded by Atatürk University Scientific Research Coordination Unit.

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval is not required for this study because it is based solely on plant experiments conducted under standard agricultural research conditions.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Agricultural Water Management

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Hasan Er ^*
0000-0002-7880-8697
Türkiye

Muhammet Gökhan Gürbulak
0000-0001-8821-609X
Türkiye

Özlem Korkut
0000-0002-1427-9183
Türkiye

Yasemin Kuşlu
0000-0003-4008-1004
Türkiye

Publication Date

April 29, 2026

Submission Date

December 7, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 27, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1837453

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA83FN85RS

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Er, H., Gürbulak, M. G., Korkut, Ö., & Kuşlu, Y. (2026). The Effect of Reclaimed Wastewater and Clean Water Applications on the Yield and Quality Parameters of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1, 1837453. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1837453

AMA

1.Er H, Gürbulak MG, Korkut Ö, Kuşlu Y. The Effect of Reclaimed Wastewater and Clean Water Applications on the Yield and Quality Parameters of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). YYU J AGR SCI. 2026;(1):1837453. doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1837453

Chicago

Er, Hasan, Muhammet Gökhan Gürbulak, Özlem Korkut, and Yasemin Kuşlu. 2026. “The Effect of Reclaimed Wastewater and Clean Water Applications on the Yield and Quality Parameters of Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, no. 1: 1837453. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1837453.

EndNote

Er H, Gürbulak MG, Korkut Ö, Kuşlu Y (April 1, 2026) The Effect of Reclaimed Wastewater and Clean Water Applications on the Yield and Quality Parameters of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1 1837453.

IEEE

[1]H. Er, M. G. Gürbulak, Ö. Korkut, and Y. Kuşlu, “The Effect of Reclaimed Wastewater and Clean Water Applications on the Yield and Quality Parameters of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”, YYU J AGR SCI, no. 1, p. 1837453, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.29133/yyutbd.1837453.

ISNAD

Er, Hasan - Gürbulak, Muhammet Gökhan - Korkut, Özlem - Kuşlu, Yasemin. “The Effect of Reclaimed Wastewater and Clean Water Applications on the Yield and Quality Parameters of Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 1 (April 1, 2026): 1837453. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1837453.

JAMA

1.Er H, Gürbulak MG, Korkut Ö, Kuşlu Y. The Effect of Reclaimed Wastewater and Clean Water Applications on the Yield and Quality Parameters of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). YYU J AGR SCI. 2026;:1837453.

MLA

Er, Hasan, et al. “The Effect of Reclaimed Wastewater and Clean Water Applications on the Yield and Quality Parameters of Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, no. 1, Apr. 2026, p. 1837453, doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1837453.

Vancouver

1.Hasan Er, Muhammet Gökhan Gürbulak, Özlem Korkut, Yasemin Kuşlu. The Effect of Reclaimed Wastewater and Clean Water Applications on the Yield and Quality Parameters of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). YYU J AGR SCI. 2026 Apr. 1;(1):1837453. doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1837453