Environmental Challenges in Peatlands: Insights into Smallholder Oil Palm Farmers’ Attitudes in Muko-Muko, Indonesia

Ridha Rizki Novanda; Muhammad Faiz Barchia; Leo Rio Ependi Malau; Nur Arifatul Ulya; Raissa Anjani

doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1841871

Environmental Challenges in Peatlands: Insights into Smallholder Oil Palm Farmers’ Attitudes in Muko-Muko, Indonesia

Abstract

The conversion of peatlands into oil palm plantations through drainage has caused severe environmental degradation, creating significant challenges for smallholder oil palm farmers. These ecological pressures underscore the need to understand farmers' attitudes as a key element in developing sustainable peatland management strategies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors shaping farmers' attitudes toward environmental challenges in oil palm cultivation on peatlands. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys with 288 farmers in Muko-Muko Regency, Bengkulu, in December 2024 using convenience sampling. Furthermore, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that awareness and understanding (AU), policy and institutional support (PIS), economic considerations (EC), and personal experience, values, social, and cultural factors (PEV) significantly shape farmers' positive attitudes toward environmental challenges. This study showed that farmers' attitudes are best understood through a multidimensional framework integrating environmental cognition, policy structures, economic logic, and socio-cultural dynamics. Furthermore, AU moderates the effect of PIS, suggesting that policies are most effective when combined with enhanced awareness. The study highlights that fostering sustainable peatland management through changes in farmers' attitudes requires integrated policies, economic incentives, and community-based approaches, reinforced by continuous education and training to strengthen farmers' environmental awareness.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

University of Bengkulu and Research Centre for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Indonesia

Project Number

4830/UN30.15/PT/2024, dated July 26, 2024

Ethical Statement

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the ethics committee of the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) in the field of social studies and humanities. This approval is documented in a decision letter bearing the reference number 939/ KE.01/SK/11/2024, dated November 25, 2024.

Thanks

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Institute of Research and Community Service (Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat-LPPM), Universitas Bengkulu, through the National Collaboration Scheme for the 2024 fiscal year. The authors also express their appreciation to the Ethical Committee on Social Studies and Humanities, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), for facilitating the ethical clearance process, which enabled smooth field data collection. Special thanks are extended to the village officials and all parties who assisted in the fieldwork.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Farm Management, Rural Management and Agribusiness

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ridha Rizki Novanda ^*
0000-0002-8286-013X
Indonesia

Muhammad Faiz Barchia
0000-0003-2927-1835
Indonesia

Leo Rio Ependi Malau
0009-0001-3386-9680
Indonesia

Nur Arifatul Ulya
0000-0001-5259-1701
Indonesia

Raissa Anjani
0000-0001-7024-3399
Indonesia

Publication Date

March 16, 2026

Submission Date

December 15, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 10, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1841871

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA72BH24WX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Novanda, R. R., Barchia, M. F., Malau, L. R. E., Ulya, N. A., & Anjani, R. (2026). Environmental Challenges in Peatlands: Insights into Smallholder Oil Palm Farmers’ Attitudes in Muko-Muko, Indonesia. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1, 1841871. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1841871

AMA

1.Novanda RR, Barchia MF, Malau LRE, Ulya NA, Anjani R. Environmental Challenges in Peatlands: Insights into Smallholder Oil Palm Farmers’ Attitudes in Muko-Muko, Indonesia. YYU J AGR SCI. 2026;(1):1841871. doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1841871

Chicago

Novanda, Ridha Rizki, Muhammad Faiz Barchia, Leo Rio Ependi Malau, Nur Arifatul Ulya, and Raissa Anjani. 2026. “Environmental Challenges in Peatlands: Insights into Smallholder Oil Palm Farmers’ Attitudes in Muko-Muko, Indonesia”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, no. 1: 1841871. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1841871.

EndNote

Novanda RR, Barchia MF, Malau LRE, Ulya NA, Anjani R (March 1, 2026) Environmental Challenges in Peatlands: Insights into Smallholder Oil Palm Farmers’ Attitudes in Muko-Muko, Indonesia. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1 1841871.

IEEE

[1]R. R. Novanda, M. F. Barchia, L. R. E. Malau, N. A. Ulya, and R. Anjani, “Environmental Challenges in Peatlands: Insights into Smallholder Oil Palm Farmers’ Attitudes in Muko-Muko, Indonesia”, YYU J AGR SCI, no. 1, p. 1841871, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.29133/yyutbd.1841871.

ISNAD

Novanda, Ridha Rizki - Barchia, Muhammad Faiz - Malau, Leo Rio Ependi - Ulya, Nur Arifatul - Anjani, Raissa. “Environmental Challenges in Peatlands: Insights into Smallholder Oil Palm Farmers’ Attitudes in Muko-Muko, Indonesia”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 1 (March 1, 2026): 1841871. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1841871.

JAMA

1.Novanda RR, Barchia MF, Malau LRE, Ulya NA, Anjani R. Environmental Challenges in Peatlands: Insights into Smallholder Oil Palm Farmers’ Attitudes in Muko-Muko, Indonesia. YYU J AGR SCI. 2026;:1841871.

MLA

Novanda, Ridha Rizki, et al. “Environmental Challenges in Peatlands: Insights into Smallholder Oil Palm Farmers’ Attitudes in Muko-Muko, Indonesia”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, no. 1, Mar. 2026, p. 1841871, doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1841871.

Vancouver

1.Ridha Rizki Novanda, Muhammad Faiz Barchia, Leo Rio Ependi Malau, Nur Arifatul Ulya, Raissa Anjani. Environmental Challenges in Peatlands: Insights into Smallholder Oil Palm Farmers’ Attitudes in Muko-Muko, Indonesia. YYU J AGR SCI. 2026 Mar. 1;(1):1841871. doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1841871

Cited By

Institutional structures and transaction costs in Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certified smallholder palm oil value chains

BIO Web of Conferences

https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202623404015