Yüksek ve Düşük Üretim Koşularında Yazlık Ekmeklik Buğday Genotiplerinde Kaynak-Havuz Sınırlamaları

Abstract

Grain yield depends on the number of grains per unit area (sink) and the availability of assimilates (source) to fill these grains. The aim of the current work was to determine whether wheat yield in warm environments is limited in current cultivars by the size of the sink or by assimilates available for grain filling (source) using manipulation. Sink size was reduced at anthesis by removing all the spikelet along one side of the spike and source size was reduced at anthesis by removing all leaf blades from a main stem. This research was conducted with six bread wheat cultivars using randomized complete block design with three replications in two separate experiments in 2011-12 under dryland and full irrigated conditions. After 50% spikelet removal, individual kernel weight was from 42.9 to 53.5 mg with mean change: 9.1% and from 37.9 to 41.8 mg with mean change:10.9% in high input (full irrigation) and low input (dryland) conditions respectively. Defoliation decreased individual kernel weight of all cultivar and a new recently released cultivar for semi-tropical dryland regions of Iran (Karim) showed the lowest reduction. The source–sink modification in two independent experiments suggested that the yield of the current wheat cultivars is more sink- than source-limited and that breeding wheat with a larger sink size than in the current cultivars may lift the yield potential in favourable condition or increase the yield of wheat under heat and drought constraints.

Keywords

• Assimilate, Bread wheat, Drought, Heat, Tolerance, Yield potential

Source Sink Limitation on Spring Bread Wheat Genotypes in High and Low-Production Environments

Abstract

Tane verimi, birim alana düşen tane sayısı (havuz) ve bu taneleri dolduracak asimilatların (kaynak) kullanılabilirliğine bağlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ılıman çevre şartlarında mevcut buğday çeşitlerine ait veriminin, havuz büyüklüğünden mi yoksa tane dolumu için (kaynak) manipüle edilmiş asimilatlardan mı sınırlanmadığını belirlemektir. Havuz büyüklüğü çiçeklenme döneminde başağın bir yanı boyunca tüm başakçıkların uzaklaştırılması ile kaynak büyüklüğü ise çiçeklenme döneminde ana gövdedeki tüm yaprak ayalarının uzaklaştırılması azaltılmıştır. Bu araştırma 2011-2012 yıllarında altı ekmeklik buğday çeşidinde kuru ve sulu koşullarda iki ayrı deneme olarak tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. % 50 başakçık uzaklaştırılmasından sonra tane ağırlığı yüksek girdi (sulu) koşullarında 42.9 ile 53.5 mg arasında değişmiş ve ortalama değişim % 9.1 olmuş; düşük girdi (kuru) koşullarında ise 37.9 ile 41.8 mg arasında değişmiş ve ortalama değişim % 10.9 olmuştur. Yaprak uzaklaştırma bütün çeşitlerde tane ağırlığını azaltmıştır ve en düşük azalma İran’ın yarıtropik kurak bölgeleri için son zamanlarda geliştirilmiş buğday çeşidinde (Karim) gözlenmiştir. Kaynakhavuz modifikasyonunu içeren bu iki bağımsız çalışma, mevcut buğday çeşitlerdeki verimin kaynaktan ziyade havuz tarafından sınırlandığını ve mevcut çeşitlerden daha geniş bir havuz büyüklüğüne sahip olan buğday ıslahının uygun koşullardaki verim potansiyelini yükseltebileceğini veya sıcak ve kurak kısıtlamalarında buğdayın verimini artırabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Asimilant, Ekmeklik buğday, Kuraklık, Isı, Tolerans, Verim potansiyeli

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