Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Yetiştirilen Bir Siyah Alaca Sürüsünde Sürüden Çıkarma Nedenleri ve Etkileyen Faktörler

Abstract

This study was done to obtain some descriptive aspects and determine the reasons for culling in a dairy herd in a State Farm located in South East of Turkey. Culling and yield records of 2617 animals during years 2000-2010 were evaluated. The effects of year, parity and milk yield classes on ratios of culling reasons were analyzed. Data were analyzed using SPSS program and chi-square test was applied. The proportions of culled animals were due mainly to involuntary culling (85.8%) with small proportion of voluntary culling (14.2%). The most frequent primary involuntary culling reasons for lactating cows were diseases (22.5%), udder problems (22.2%), reproductive disorders (19.7%) and conformation (17.4%). Culling reasons’ ratios were affected from years, parity and milk yield classes (P<0.05). It was concluded that data obtained in the present study were compatible with many data determined in various farm or environmental conditions and farm management in those ten years of period is reasonably successful. Some cautions on health issues would help farm administration to make more profitable dairy farming.

Keywords

• Holstein, Reasons for culling, Parity, Yield

Culling Reasons and Affecting Factors in a Holstein Dairy Herd Raised in Southeast Region of Turkey

Öz

Bu araştırma, Türkiye’nin Güney Doğusunda bir Devlet Tarım İşletmesinde yetiştirilen bir süt sığırı sürüsünde bazı tanımlayıcı değerler elde etmek ve sürüden çıkarma nedenlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada 2000-2010 yıllarını kapsayan 2617 baş sığıra ait sürüden çıkarma ve verim kayıtları değerlendirilmiştir. Yıl, buzağılama sayısı ve süt verim sınıfının sürüden çıkarma nedenleri oranına etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Veriler SPSS istatistik paket programında değerlendirilmiş ve ki-kare testi uygulanmıştır. Ayıklanan hayvanların önemli kısmı (%85.8) zorunlu nedenlerle sürüden çıkarılırken az bir kısmı (%14.2) isteyerek sürüden çıkarılmıştır. Sağılan ineklerde en sık görülen belli başlı zorunlu sürüden ayıklama nedenleri hastalıklar (%22.5), meme problemleri (%22.2), üreme bozuklukları (%19.7) ve konformasyondur (%17.4). Ayıklama nedenleri oranları yıl, buzağılama sayısı ve süt verim sınıflarından etkilenmiştir (P<0.05). Çalışmada elde edilen bulguların bir çok çiftlik ve çevre koşullarında elde edilen verilerle uyumlu olduğu ve geçen on yıllık süre boyunca çiftlik yönetiminin orta düzeyde başarılı olduğu söylenebilir. Çiftlik yönrtimince sağlık konularında alıncak bazı tedbirler daha karlı bir süt sığırcılığı yapmaya yardım edecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Siyah Alaca, Sürüden çıkarma nedenleri, Buzağılama sayısı, Verim

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