Meyve Gelişimi ve Olgunlaşmasında Rol Oynayan Gen Düzenleyici Aktörler

Öz

Meyveler genel olarak Angiospermlerin ayırt edici özelliğidir. Meyveler çok farklı form ve şekillerde meydana gelebilirler. Ayrıca meyveler, insanlar için mineraller, vitaminler, lifler ve antioksidanlar sağlayarak tamamlayıcı diyetin önemli bir kısmını oluştururlar. Meyvelerin olgunlaşması çok karışık bir süreçtir ve gelişimsel süreçle oldukça koordineli bir şekilde meydana gelir. Olgunlaşma işlemi, perikarp katmanlarının kademeli olarak yumuşaması ve/veya odunlaşması, şekerlerin, asitlerin, pigmentlerin biriktirilmesi ve uçucu bileşiklerin açığa çıkması gibi olayları kontrol eden binlerce gen tarafından düzenlenir. Meyve olgunlaşmasının ardındaki genetik ve moleküler mekanizmayı derinlemesine anlamak meyve üretimi ve kalitesinin gelişmesi açısından kilit bir öneme sahiptir. Bu bağlamda son zamanlarda meyve gelişimi ve olgunlaşması üzerinde rol oynayan mikroRNA’lar (miRNA), transkripsiyon faktörleri (TF), uzun kodlanmayan RNA’lar (lnc RNA), gibi genetik aktörler hızla keşfedilmektedir. Ayrıca günümüzde etkili  genom düzenleyici bir teknik olan düzenli aralıklarla bölünmüş palindromik tekrar kümeleri (CRISPR-Cas9) sistemi ve epigenetik yaklaşımlar da meyve gelişiminde rol oynayan moleküler mekanizmaların belirlenmesi için kullanılmaktadır.

Gene Regulatory Actors Involved in Fruit Development and Ripening

Abstract

Fruits are a distinctive features for Angiosperms. They may occur in many different form and shape. Furthermore, fruits are a rich source of supplementary diet, providing various nutrition such as vitamins, minerals, fibers and antioxidants for human. The maturation of fruits is very complex and highly coordinated with developmental process. Maturation process is regulated by thousands of genes controlling events such as gradual softening, or/and lignification  of pericarp layers, accumulation of sugars, acids and pigments, releasing of volatile compounds. Gaining a better and deeper understanding of the mechanism behind fruit maturation plays a key role for fruit production and improvement of quality. In this context, a number of genetic actors regulating fruit development and maturation such as microRNA's, transcription factors and long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs) have been discovered. Nowadays, Clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas9) which is very effective genom regulatory technique and epigenetic approach are used to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in fruit development.

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