Piriformospora indica Promotes Growth and Antioxidant Activities of Wheat Plant under Cadmium Stress

Abstract

The influence of root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica on growth, proline content, photosynthetic pigments and activity of antioxidant enzymes in wheat plant under 0.3 mM cadmium stress (Cd) was investigated. Cd exposure significantly reduced stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll a, carotenoid contents, activity of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in control plants, however, it notably increased malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.Inoculation of P. indica significantly increased the plant growth parameters, all photosynthetic pigments and proline contents. Also, the activity of CAT, APX and glutathione reductase (GR) were positivity influenced by fungus treatment. Under the stress, Cd contents markedly increased in stem and root organs (particularly at roots) but its accumulation was significantly decreased at both organs by P. indica. Our results suggest that the increased concentrations of antioxidant enzymes, and pigments and proline contents found in P. indica-inoculated plants may serve to protect wheat plants against oxidative damage, enhancing Cd tolerance.

Piriformospora indica’nın Kadmiyum Stresi altındaki Buğday Bitkisinin Büyüme ve Antioksidan Etkinliklerini Teşviki

Öz

Bir kök endofitik fungusu olan Piriformospora indica’nın 0.3 mM kadmiyum (Cd) stresi altındaki buğday bitkisinin büyüme, prolin içeriği, fotosentetik pigmentler ve antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Cd’ye maruz bırakılma, kontrol bitkilerinde önemli ölçüde gövde çapı, yaprak alanı, klorofil a, karotenoid içeriği, katalaz (CAT) ve askorbat peroksidaz (APX) aktivitesini azaltmış; bununla birlikte, özellikle de malondialdehit (MDA), prolin ve süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) aktivitelerini de artırmıştır. P. indica inokülasyonu, önemli ölçüde bitki büyüme parametreleri, tüm fotosentetik pigmentleri ve prolin içeriğini artmıştır. Ayrıca, KAT APX ve glutatyon redüktaz (GR) aktiviteleri de fungus uygulamasında pozitif şekilde etkilenmişlerdir. Stres altında Cd içerikleri, belirgin bir şekilde kök ve kök organlarda artmış (özellikle köklerde), ancak Her iki organda da Cd birikimi, P. indica tarafından önemli ölçüde azaltılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, P. indica-inoküle edilmiş bitkilerde bulunan antioksidan enzimler, pigmentler ve prolin içeriklerinin artan konsantrasyonlarının Cd toleransının güçlendirilmesinde, oksidatif hasara karşı buğday bitkileri korumak için hizmet edebileceğini düşündürmektedir.

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