Ürdün Vadisinde Yetiştirilen Muzlarda Panama Hastalığının Kontrolünde Toprak Solarizasyonu ile Kombine Nano-Teknolojinin Etkisi

Öz

Toprak solarizasyonu, enfekte muz fidelerinin dikildiği parsele uygulanmıştır. 80µ kalınlığında şeffaf plastik örtülerin yayılması, 1 Ağustos - 12 Ekim 2017 tarihleri arasında Jordan Valley'deki Üniversite Çiftliği’nde yapılmıştır. Bütün fitopatojenik propagüllerin 30 cm derinlikte giderilmesinde toprak solarizasyonu etkili olmuştur. Daha sonra şeffaf plastik örtüler kaldırılmış ve solarize edilmiş toprağa sağlıklı Grand Naine çeşidi muz fideleri ile dikilmiştir. Muz bitkileri, arıtılmış atık su ile sulanmasının yanı sıra 200 ila 400 ppm Gümüş Nanopartikül (AgNP), iki fungisit, Revanol ve Tachigaren, Sodyum Hipoklorit, Nanopartikül çözeltisi ile toprağa kimyasal olarak muamele edilmiştir. Biyolojik kontrol üç tedavi içermektedir; Endomikorhiza, Ticari bir ürün olarak Trichoderma (BioHealth) ve rizo-bakterileri teşvik eden bitki büyümesi. İki uygulamaya taze tavuk ve koyun gübresi eklenmiştir. On iki uygulama tam tesadüfi blok deneme deseninde rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Glomus mosseae endomikhıriza, 200ppm AgNPs, Revanol ve Tachigaren muz fidesi uygulamaları ile yapılan aşılama, muz bitkilerinin Fusarium solgunluğunu tüm deney süresince tamamen korumada en etkili olmuştur. Bazı Trichoderma uygulamaları, atık su ve 400 ppm AgNP'ler, enfekte olmuş muz fidelerinin dikimden dokuz ay sonra korunmasında etkili olmuştur. Koyun ve tavuk gübresi uygulamaları, Fusarium solgunluğu ile sırasıyla % 60 ve% 40, Hypex, PGPR ve kontrol tedavilerinde % 20 ve% 40 hastalık oluşumu ile sonuçlanmıştır. Atık su, Nanopartiküller 200 ppm ve endomikorhizal işlemler en yüksek piç oranını vermiştir. Toprak solarizasyonunu ve Ürdün'deki Panama muz hastalığını kontrol etmek için entegre program kullanmanızı önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fusarium,Trichoderma,AgNPs,Endomikorhiza,Panama hastalığı,Toprak solarizasyonu,Trichoderma

Effect of Nano Technology in Combination with Soil Solarization to Control Panama Disease of Banana in Jordan Valley

Abstract

Soil solarization was applied for a field which was planted with infected banana seedlings. Spreading transparent plastic sheets of 80µ thickness was done from August, 1 until October 12, 2017 at the University Farm in Jordan Valley. Soil solarization was effective in elimination of all phytopathogenic propagules at 30 cm depth. Then clear plastic sheets were removed and the solarized land was planted with healthy banana seedlings cultivar Grand Naine. Banana plantlets were chemically treated as soil drench with Nanoparticle solution of 200 and 400 ppm of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs), two fungicides, Revanol and Tachigaren, Sodium Hypochlorite in addition of irrigation of one treatment with treated wastewater. Biological control included three treatments; Endomycorrhiza, Trichoderma as a commercial product (BioHealth) and plant growth promoting rhizo-bacteria. Fresh chicken and sheep manure was added to two treatments. Twelve treatments were distributed randomly in randomized complete block design. Endomycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae, 200 ppm of AgNPs, Revanol and Tachigaren treatments of banana seedlings were the most effective in completely protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilt during the whole experimental period. Several applications of Trichoderma, wastewater and 400 ppm of AgNPs were effective in maintaining some infected banana seedlings nine months after planting very healthy. Sheep and chicken manure treatments resulted with 60 and 40% disease incidence with Fusarium wilt respectively and 20% of disease incidence in Hypex, PGPR and control treatments. Wastewater, Nanoparticles 200 ppm and endomycorhizal treatments gave the highest ratio of sword sucker development. We recommend soil solarization and use of integrated program to control Panama disease of banana in Jordan.

Keywords

• AgNPs,Endomycorrhiza,Fusarium,Panama disease,Soil Solarization,Trichoderma

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