Effect of Plant Growth and Antioxidantive Enzyme Activity of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.var. longifolia) Applied to Cadmium and Zinc in Sewage Sludge Enriched with Soil

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a constant rate of sewage sludge (SS) together with cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) at varying levels on the growth of lettuce and antioxidative enzyme activity. In the pot experiment, a fixed ratio of 10%SS with varying doses of Cd (Cd1:50 mg Cd kg^-1; Cd2:100 mg Cd kg^-1) and Zn (Zn1:250 mg Zn kg^-1; Zn2:500 mg Zn kg^-1) was applied. According to experiment results, compared to the control, 10% SS + Cd1 and 10% SS + Cd2 applications significantly reduced fresh and dry shoot weights, plant height, Zn content and SOD (superoxide dismutase) enzyme activity in the root and shoot of lettuce. However, 10%SS +Cd1 and 10%SS+Cd2 applications significantly increased shoot and root Cd contents, GPX (glutathione peroxidase) enzyme activity in plant and the amount of Cd in soil. On the other hand, 10%SS+Zn1+Cd1 application increased fresh shoot weight, Zn content, SOD and GPX enzyme activities in the shoot of lettuce and decreased the amount of DTPA-Cd in comparison with 10%SS+Cd1 application. Compared to the Cd1 application, 10%SS+Zn2+Cd1 application increased SOD and GPX enzyme activities in the root of lettuce. In comparison with 10%SS +Cd2 application, 10%SS+Zn2+Cd2 application increased fresh and dry shoot weight, Zn content, SOD and GPX enzymes in both shoot and root of lettuce and decreased shoot Cd content and the amount of DTPA-Cd in soil. These results indicate that the Zn application could be beneficial for reducing the toxic effects of Cd in lettuce.

Keywords

• Antioxidative enzymes,Cadmium,Lettuce,Zinc

Arıtma Çamuru ile Zenginleştirilmiş Toprağa Uygulanan Kadmiyum ve Çinkonun Marulun (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) Gelişimi ve Antioksidatif Enzim Aktivitesine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı sabit oranda arıtma çamuru ile birlikte kadmiyum ve çinko düzeylerinin marul bitkisinin gelişimine ve antioksidatif enzim aktivitesine etkisini araştırmaktır. Saksı çalışmasında sabit oranda, arıtma çamuru (%10AÇ), değişen oranlarda kadmiyum (Cd1:50 mg Cd kg^-1;Cd2:100 mg Cd kg^-1) ve çinko (Zn1:250 mg Zn kg^-1; Zn2:500 mg Zn kg^-1) uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre,%10 AÇ+Cd1 ve %10AÇ+Cd2 uygulamaları, kontrole göre, marul bitkisinin kuru ve yaş sürgün ağırlığını, bitki boyu, çinko içeriğini ve kök ve sürgün bölgesinde SOD (süperoksit dismutaz) enzim aktivitesini önemli düzeyde azaltmıştır. Bununla birlikte marul bitkisinin kök ve sürgün kısımlarında ve toprakta kadmiyum konsantrasyonu ile GPX (glutatyon peroksidaz) enzim aktivitesi önemli düzeyde artış göstermiştir. Ancak 10%AÇ +Zn1+Cd1 uygulaması ile 10%AÇ +Cd1 karşılaştırıldığında, marulun sürgün kısımlarında SOD ve GPX enzim aktiviteleri, çinko içeriği ve sürgün yaş ağırlığında artışa neden olurken toprakta DTPA-Cd (yarayışlı-Cd) içeriğinde düşüşe neden olmuştur. 10%AÇ +Zn2+Cd1 uygulaması ile 10%AÇ +Cd1 karşılaştırıldığında, marul kök bölgesinde GPX ve SOD enzim aktiviteleri artış göstermiştir. 10%AÇ +Zn2+Cd2 uygulaması ile 10%AÇ +Cd2 karşılaştırıldığında bitkinin sürgün yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, Zn içeriğinde ve hem kök hem sürgün SOD ve GPX enzim aktivitesinde artışa neden olurken sürgün Cd içeriğinde ve toprak DTPA-Cd (yarayışlı-Cd) içeriğinde düşüşe neden olmuştur. Bu sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, marul bitkisinde çinko uygulaması kadmiyum toksisitesini azaltmada faydalı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antioksidatif Enzimler,Çinko,Kadmiyum,Marul

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