Determination of Quality Status of Persimmon Pollen Stored at Low Temperatures

Year 2020, , 345 - 354, 30.06.2020

Akide Özcan , Şakir Burak Bükücü

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.667521

Cited By: 1

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the pollen quality status of 3 foreign pollinator and 2 native Persimmons (Diospyros kaki L.) genotypes at different storage temperatures for 1 year. Pollen was stored at +4 °C, 0 °C , -20 °C and -80 °C for 1 year, rate of viability and germination were determined every 4 months. 2, 3, 5 Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) solution was used to determine the viability of the pollen, and agar in petri dish method was used to determine the germination rate of the pollen. The initial measurement of the genotypes ranged from 58.12% to 76.65% in pollen viability rates. At the end of the 12th month, the highest pollen viability at +4 °C, 0 °C, -20 °C, and -80 °C was determined to be 13.00 %, 42.01 %, 60.72 %, and 59.45 %, respectively. The pollen germination rates of the genotypes were found to be between 52.84 % and 67.49 % in the initial measurement. At the end of the 12th month, the highest germination rates were determined as 1% at +4 °C, 13.24 % at 0 °C, 23.87 % at -20 °C, and 24.99 % at -80 °C. At the end of the storage period, pollination potentials of genotypes were found to be inadequate at +4 °C and 0 °C, and relatively acceptable at pollination ability at -20 °C and -80 °C.

Keywords

Persimmon, Pollen, Viability, Germination, Low Temperatures

Düşük Sıcaklıklarda Depolanan Trabzon Hurması Çiçek Tozlarının Kalite Durumlarının Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 3 yabancı tozlayıcı çeşit ve 2 yerli Trabzon hurması (Diospyros kaki L.) genotipine ait çiçek tozlarının farklı depo sıcaklıklarında 1 yıl süre ile saklanması sonunda kalite durumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çiçek tozları +4 °C, 0 °C, -20 °C ve -80 °C ’de 1 yıl süre ile saklanmış ve 4 ayda bir canlılık ve çimlenme durumları belirlenmiştir. Çiçek tozu canlılığının tespitinde 2, 3, 5 Triphenyl Tetrazolium Clorid (TTC) çözeltisi, çiçek tozlarının çimlenme oranlarının belirlenmesinde ise petride agar yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Genotiplerin ilk ölçüm çiçek tozu canlılık oranları % 58.12 ile % 76.65 değerleri arasında değişmektedir. Son ölçüm olan 12. ayın sonunda +4 °C, 0 °C , -20 °C ve -80 °C sıcaklıklarda en yüksek çiçek tozu canlılık oranlarının sırasıyla %13.00, %42.01, % 60.72 ve % 59.45 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genotiplere ait çiçek tozlarının çimlenme oranları ise ilk ölçümde % 52.84 ile % 67.49 değerleri arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 12. ayın sonunda en yüksek çiçek tozu çimlenme oranlarının +4 °C ’de % 1, 0 °C ’de % 13.24, -20 °C ’de % 23.87 ve -80 °C ’de ise % 24.99 olarak belirlenmiştir. Depolama süresi sonunda genotiplerin tozlayıcılık potansiyellerinin, +4 °C ve 0 °C’lerde yetersiz, -20 °C ve -80 °C’lerde ise tozlayıcılık yeteneği yönüyle nispeten kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Trabzon hurması, Çiçek tozu, Canlılık, Çimlenme, Düşük sıcaklık

References

• Bellini, E. (2002). Cultural practices for persimmon production. First Mediterranean Symposium on Persimmon CIHEAM, 39-52.
• Bellini, E., & Giordani, E. (2000). Conservation of under-utilized fruit tree species in Europe. Acta Horticulturae, 552:165-173.
• Beyhan, N., Serdar, U., & Balik, H. I. (2009). Pollen viability and germination rates of some hybrid and European chestnut pollens. Acta Horticulturae, 815:107–114.
• Bolat, I., & Güleryüz, M. (1994). Bazı kayısı çeşitlerinde polen canlılık ve çimlenme düzeyleri ile bunlar arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(4):344-353.
• Bolat, I., & Pirlak, L. (1999). An investigation on pollen viability, germination and tube growth in some stone fruits. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23:383-388.
• Borghezan, M., Clauman, A. D., Steinmacher, D. A., Guerra, M. P., & Orth, A. I. (2011). In vitro viability and preservation of pollen grain of kiwi (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A. Chev.) A. Chev). Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 11(4), 338-344.
• Eti, S. (1990). Çiçek tozu miktarını belirlemede kullanılan pratik bir yöntem. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1): 49-58.
• Eti, S. (1991). Determining of the capabilities of pollen viability and germination in some fruit species and cultivars via in vitro tests. Cukurova University Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 6:69-80.
• Evrenosoglu, Y., Acarsoy, N., & Misirli, A. (2011). Investigations on fertilization biology and description of fruit characteristics of some persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultigens. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(6):1383-1392.
• FAO. (2019). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC. Erişim Tarihi: 09.12.2019.
• Ferri, A., Giordani, E., Padula, G., & Bellini, E. (2008). Viability and in vitro germinability of pollen grains of olive cultivars and advanced selections obtained in Italy. Adv. Hortic. Sci. 22:116-122.
• Ferri, A., Giordani, E., & Benelli, C. (2013). Viability and in vitro germination rate of pollen grains of D. kaki Thunb., D. lotus L. and D. virginiana L. in Relation to storage time and temperatures. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 996: V International Symposium on Persimmon, DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic, 2013.996.10.
• Ferguson, L. (2003). Progress in breeding subtropical fruit crops. Acta Horticulturae, 622:45-56.
• Gadze, J., Radunic, M., Petric, I. V., & Ercisli, S. (2011). In vitro pollen viability, germination and pollen tube growth in some pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Scientiarum PolonorumHortorum Cultus, 10(3):297-305.
• George, A. P., Nissen, R. J. Collins, R. J., & Rasmussen, T. S. (1995). Effects of fruit thinning, pollination and paclobutrazol on fruit set and size of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) in Subtropical Australia. J. Hort. Sci., 70:477-484.
• George A. P., Mowat, A. D., Collins, R. J., & Morley-Bunker, M. (1997). The pattern and control of reproductive development in non-astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.): A review. Scientia Horticulturae, 70: 93-122.
• Giordani, E. (2002). Varietal assortment of persimmon in the countries of the Mediterranean area and genetic improvement. First Mediterranean Symposium on Persimmon (23-24 November, 2001, Faenza-Italy), Vol: 51, s. 23-37.
• Hasegawa, K., & Nakajima, Y. (1991). Natural removal of astringency in PCNA persimmon fruit cv. “Jiro” grown in some different districts of Japan. Horticultural abstracts, 61(3):2407.
• Kim, J., Chae, Y., & Kang, S. (1997). Selection of economic pollinizers for Fuyu sweet persimmon. 1st internal Persimmon Sym. Acta Hort, 436: 395-401.
• Kitajima, A., Ohshita, Y., Makano, M., & Ishida, M. (1993). Comparison of fruit set and quality between seeds and parthenocarpic kaki fruits cv. Fuyu in relation to the location of the fruiting shoot. Horticultural Abstracts. 64(4): 3162.
• Krisanapook, K., Sillapapetch, K. Phavaphutanon, L., & Jutamanee, K. (2004). Improvement of fruit set and fruit qualities in persimmon ‘Fuyu’ using pollination. Acta Horticulturae, 662:429-433.
• Lee, J. C. (1968). Studies on the storage of pollen of the main fruit species. Res. Rep. Off. Rur Dev., 11(2):49-57.
• Messaoudi, Z., Gmili, R.E., Khatib, F., & Helmy, Y. (2009). Effect of pollination, fruit thinning and gibberellic acid application on “Fuyu” kaki fruit development. IVth IS on Persimmon. Acta Horticulturae, 833: 233-238.
• Moore, J. N. (1975). Advances in fruit breeding. In: Minor temperate fruits. (Eds. G.M. Darrow), Purdue University Pres, West Lafayette, Indiana, pp. 270-271.
• Nissen, R. J., George, A. P., Broadley, R. H. ve Collins, R. J. (2003). A survey of cultivars and management practices in australian persimmon orchards. Acta Horticulturae, 601:179-185. Norton, J. D. (1966). Testing of plum pollen viability with tetrazolium salts. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 89:132-134.
• Ozcan, A., Sutyemez, M., Bukucu, Ş. B., & Ergun, M. (2019). Pollen viability and germinability of walnut: A comparison between storage at cold and room temperatures. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(1):111-115.
• Parfitt, D. E., & Ganeshan, S. (1989). Comparison of procedures for estimating viability of Prunus pollen. HortScience, 24(2):354-356.
• Paydaş, S., Eti, S., & Eşkut, M. (1996). Yeni bazı çilek çeşitlerinde çiçek tozu canlılık ve çimlenme düzeyleri ile üretim miktarları üzerine araştırmalar. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 20:215-221.
• Pinney, K., & Polito, V. S. (1989). Olive pollen storage and in vitro germination. In International Symposium on Olive Growing, 286:207-210.
• Ryugo, K., Schroeler, C. A., Suguira, A., & Yolemori, K. (1988). Persimmon for California. California Agriculture, 42(4):7-9.
• Sağır, F. S., Karabıyık, Ş., Eti, S., & Yılmaz, B. (2012). Seçilmiş bazı yerli Trabzon hurması (Diospyros kaki L.) tipleri için uygun tozlayıcı çeşit belirlenmesi. Derim, 29(2):58-69.
• Sato, A., & Yamada, M. (2003). Leading Persimmon cultivars for commercial production and breeding targets in Japan. Acta Horticulturae, 601:25-29.
• Sayılıkan, G. (1995). Bazı yerli ve yabancı Trabzon Hurması çeşitlerinin döllenme biyolojisi üzerine araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 143 s. (Yayınlanmamış).
• Song, W. D., Kim, T. C., Choo, Y. D., & Kang, S. M. (2005). Science and industry of Persimmon in the Republic of Korea. Acta Horticulturae, 685:21-27.
• Sorkheh, K., Shiran, B., Rouhi, V., & Khodambashi, M. (2011). Influence of temperature on the in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth of various native Iranian almonds (Prunus L. spp.) species. Trees, 25(5):809-822.
• Sugiura, A., Ohkuma, T., Choi, Y. A., & Tao, R. (2000). Production of nonaploid (2n=9x) Japanese Persimmons (Diospyros kaki) by pollination with unreduced (2n=6x) pollen and embryo rescue culture. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science, 125(5):609-614.
• Sutyemez, M. (2007). Determination of pollen production and quality of some local and foreign walnut genotypes in Turkey. Turk. J. Agric. For., 31:109-114.
• Sutyemez, M. (2011). Pollen quality, quantity and fruit set of some selfcompatible and self-incompatible cherry cultivars with artificial pollination. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(17):3380-3386.
• Stösser, R., Hartmann, W., & Anvari, S. F. (1996). General aspects of pollination and fertilization of Pome and Stone Fruit. II Workshop on Pollination. Acta Horticulturae, 423:15-20.
• TÜİK. (2019). Türkiye istatistik kurumu. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr. Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2019.
• Woodburn, K. R., & Andersen, P. C. (1996). Pollination and pollen source influence fruit of oriental persimmon “Fuyu” and “Tanenashi”. Hortscience, 31(2):218-221.
• Yakushiji, H., Yamada, M., Yonemori, K., Sato, A., & Kimura, N. (1995). Staminate flower production on shoots of ‘Fuyu’ and ‘Jiro’ Persimmon (Diospyros kaki). Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 64:41-46.
• Yamada, M., & Sato, A. (2002). Segregation for fruit astringency type in progenies derived from crosses of nishimurawase pollination constant non-astringent genotypes in oriental Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). Scientia Horticulturae, 92(2):107-111.
• Yamada, S., Taira, S., Ohtsuki, M., Sato, A., Iwanami, H., Yakushiji, H., Wang, R., Yang, Y., & Li, G. (2002). Varietal differences in the ease of astringency removal by carbondioxide gas and ethanol vapor treatments among oriental astringent persimmons of Japanese and Chinese origin. Scientia Horticulturae, 94(1-2):63-72.
• Yıldız, E., & Kaplankıran, M. (2007). Hatay ili Trabzon hurması seleksiyonunda belirlenen tiplerin özellikleri. Türkiye V. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi (4-7 Eylül 2007, Erzurum), s. 266-270. Yonemori, K. (1997). Persimmon industry and research activities in Japan. Acta Horticulturae, 436:21-32.
• Yonemori, K., Sugiura, A., & Yamada, M. (2000). Persimmon genetics and breeding. Plant Breeding Reviews, 19(6):191-225.
• Zhang, Q. L., & Luo, Z. R. (2006). Observation of giant pollen and pollen germination ability in vitro of some Diospyros spp. and their pollen germination on the stigma of Diospyros kaki cv. Luotiantianshi. Journal of Fruit Science, 23(2):293-296.