Influence of Internal and External Factors for Youth Agripreneurship Development in Sumatra Region

Abstract

Development of the agricultural sector is very necessary for efforts and policies to develop agricultural systems that can increase the regeneration of advanced and modern farmers. The research was aimed to analyze internal and external factors of youth agripreneurship development (YAD) in the Sumatra region. This research was conducted in the coordination area of Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Medan, which is spread over six provinces in Sumatra, including: Aceh, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Jambi, South Sumatra, and Bengkulu provinces with all YAD participants in program period from 2017 to 2019. The internal factors include independence and knowledge, while the external factors include capital resources, innovative services, social networks and cooperation. This research was conducted from July until September 2020. The data collection method was conducted by face to face interviews with 230 respondents, field observations, and online interviews and then analyzed using Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT). The results showed the importance of strategy to improve the YAD through to implementing the diversification strategy. Strategies should be implemented by increasing knowledge and utilization of access to industry-based technology in customer service and product marketing; independence in increasing knowledge and communication skills by attending training; establish more intense cooperation with business partners; and increase promotion to various agencies and companies to attract and establish business cooperation.

Keywords

• External factors
• Internal factors
• SWOT analysis
• Youth agripreneurship development

Sumatra Bölgesinde Genç Tarım Girişimciliğinin Gelişiminde İç ve Dış Faktörlerin Etkisi

Abstract

Gelişmiş ve modern çiftçilerin rejenerasyonunu artırabilecek tarımsal sistemlerin geliştirilmesine yönelik çaba ve politikalar için tarım sektörünün geliştirilmesi çok gereklidir. Araştırma, Sumatra bölgesindeki genç tarım girişimciliği gelişiminin (GTG) iç ve dış faktörlerini analiz etmeyi amaçladı. Bu araştırma, Sumatra'da Aceh, Kuzey Sumatra, Batı Sumatra, Jambi, Güney Sumatra ve Bengkulu illeri olmak üzere altı ilde yayılmış olan Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Medan'ın koordinasyon alanında tüm GTG katılımcıları ile 2017-2019 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. İç faktörler bağımsızlık ve bilgiyi içerirken, dış faktörler sermaye kaynakları, yenilikçi hizmetler, sosyal ağlar ve işbirliğini içermektedir. Bu araştırma Temmuz-Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama yöntemi, 230 katılımcı ile yüz yüze görüşmeler, saha gözlemleri ve çevrimiçi görüşmeler yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiş ve ardından güçlü, zayıf yönler, fırsatlar ve tehditler (SWOT) kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, çeşitlendirme stratejisinin uygulanması yoluyla YAD'yi iyileştirme stratejisinin önemini gösterdi. Stratejiler, müşteri hizmetleri ve ürün pazarlamasında endüstri tabanlı teknolojiye erişim ve bilgi birikimi artırılarak, eğitime katılarak bilgi ve iletişim becerilerini artırmada bağımsızlığı arttırarak, iş ortakları ile daha yoğun işbirliği kurarak, ticari işbirliğini çekmek ve kurmak için çeşitli kurum ve şirketlere tanıtımı artırarak, uygulanmalıdır.

Keywords

• dış faktörler
• iç faktörler
• SWOT analizi
• gençlik agripreneurship gelişimi

References

1. Abdullah, A. A., & Sulaiman, N. N. (2013). Factors that influence the interest of youths in agricultural entrepreneurship. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(3), 288-302.
2. Addo, L. K. (2018). Factors influencing agripreneurship and their role in agripreneurship performance among young graduate agripreneurs. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 3(6), 2051-2066.
3. Agahi, H., & Karami, S. (2012). Study of factors effecting social capital management and its impact on success of production cooperatives. Annals of Biological Research, 3(8), 4179-4188.
4. D’Silva, J. L., Shaffril, H. A. M., Uli, J., & Samah, B. A. (2009). A review of contract farming and factors that impinge youths acceptance to contract farming. European Journal of Social Sciences, 11(2), 328-338.
5. Gulo, W., Harahap, N., & Basri, A. H. H. (2018). The perspective of the young generation on food agriculture in the Moro'o Sub-district, West Nias District. Agrica Ekstensia, 12(1), 60-71.
6. Hormiga, E., Batista-Canino, R. M., & Sánchez-Medina, A. (2011). The role of intellectual capital in the success of new ventures. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(1), 71-92. doi:10.1007/s11365-010-0139-y.
7. Insani, F. R., Setiawan, I., & Rasiska, S. (2018). Determinant of participation and role of young farmer in environmentally friendly agricultural development in Cisondari Village, Ciwidey District, Bandung Regency, West Java. Mimbar Agribisnis: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis, 4(2), 153-168. doi:10.25157/ma.v4i2.1133.
8. Karami, S., & Agahi, H. (2018). SWOT analysis of strategies for agricultural entrepreneurs empowerment. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 8(2), 307-320.

9. Langit, A A. I. D. S., & Ayuningsasi, A. A. K. (2019). The influence of land area, labor, and capital on citrus farming production. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Udayana, 8(8), 1757-1788.
10. Listiani, R., Setiadi, A., & Santoso, S. I. (2019). Income analysis of rice production in Mlonggo District, Jepara Regency. Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 3(1), 50-58. doi:10.14710/agrisocionomics.v3i1.4018.
11. Maga, L., Ola, T. L., Batoa, H., & Purwanti, R. E. (2016). The level of youth motivation in managing cocoa farming in Wapae Jaya Village, Tiworo Tengah Sub-district, Muna District. Sosio Agribisnis, 4(3), 1-28.
12. Magagula, B., & Tsvakirai, C. Z. (2019). Youth perceptions of agriculture: influence of cognitive processes on participation in agripreneurship. Development in Practice, 30(2), 234-243. doi:10.1080/09614524.2019.1670138.
13. Malta, M. (2016). Factors related to farmer independence in decision making on sustainable agribusiness (a case study of farmers in Sukaharja Village, Bogor Regency). Cakrawala-Jurnal Humaniora, 16(1), 118-124. doi:10.31294/jc.v16i1.1281.
14. Mamondol, M. R. (2017). The using efficiency of labor and capital production factors in soybean farming at Pamona Village, Pamona Puselemba District, Poso Regency. Jurnal Envira, 2(2), 1-7. doi:10.31227/osf.io/gb3jk.
15. Ministry of Agriculture. (2018). Agricultural sector employment statistics for 2017-2018. Center For Agriculture Data and Information Systems, Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta. Indonesia. p. 104.
16. Ommani, A. R. (2011). Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis for farming system businesses management: Case of wheat farmers of Shadervan District, Shoushtar Township, Iran. African Journal of Business Management, 5(22), 9448-9454. doi:10.5897/AJBM.9000528.
17. Santoso, A. B. (2015). Effect of land use and subsidized fertilizer for national rice production. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 20(3), 208-212. doi:10.18343/jipi.20.3.208.
18. Sevilla, C. G. (2007). Research methods. Quezon City: Rex Printing Company..
19. Sihombing, F. N., Tampubolon, K., & Juniarsih, T. (2020). Regression factors of rainfall, humidity, and rainy day on pepper yield and policy alternatives in North Sumatra. AGRINULA: Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Perkebunan, 3(2), 25-35. doi:10.36490/agri.v3i2.102.
20. Sinyolo, S., & Mudhara, M. (2018). The impact of entrepreneurial competencies on household food security among smallholder farmers in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 57(2), 71-93. doi:10.1080/03670244.2017.1416361.
21. Statistics of Indonesia. (2020). GDP contribution at current market prices, 2010-2020. Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta.
22. Suwarto. (2008). Land productivity and food crop farming costs in Gunung Kidul District. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 9(2), 168-183. doi:10.23917/jep.v9i2.1023.
23. Tampubolon, K., & Sihombing, F. N. (2017). The effect of rainfall and rainy days on agricultural production and its relationship with GDP on current prices in Medan City. Jurnal Pembangunan Perkotaan, 5(1), 35-41.
24. Usman, U, & Juliyani. (2018). The effect of land area,fertilizer and labor on the amount of rice production in Matang Baloi Village. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian Unimal, 1(1), 31-39. doi:10.29103/jepu.v1i1.501.