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Importance of Soil Quality in Determinitain of Sustainable Soil Tillage Methods

Year 2015, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 337 - 346, 03.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.236414

Abstract

Land degradation, decrease in productivity function of soils, is a major threat to sustainability of agricultural production in time. Soil tillage applications are the major disturbance activities affecting soil stability, soil resilience, and soil quality. Intensive soil tillage creates suitable conditions for seed in a short period of time, however soil quality indicators are negatively affected in the long run. The effects of soil tillage methods on physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soils vary due to the amounts of crop residue left on soil surface, soil depth tilled and pressure exerted on soil. Therefore, the effects of soil tillage systems should be well known prior to the decision of which methods to be used in order to sustain agricultural production. Soil quality assessment methods used to evaluate past and present potential of soils will facilitate the selection of appropriate soil tillage systems to maintain and improve the soil quality. The objectives of this study soil demonstrate the importance of the soil quality evaluating and to increase the use of evaluation in the selection of soil tillage system.

References

  • Acir N (2014). Kurak ve yarı-kurak bölge topraklarının toprak kalitesinin belirlenmesinde kullanılacak minimum veri setlerinin hazırlanması. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Ana Bilim Dalı, Tokat.(Doktora Tezi).
  • Altıkat S. Çelik A (2009). Toprak isleme sistemlerinin önemli bazı toprak kalite kriterlerine olan etkileri. Zirai Bilimler Dergisi (Alınteri), 16 (B); 33-41.
  • Acton DF. Gregorich LJ (1995). Understanding soil health. In: the health of our soils: toward sustainable agriculture in Canada. Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, 5–10.
  • Andrews SS. Karlen D. Cambardella CA (2004). The soil management assessment framework: a quantitative soil quality evaluation method. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68, 1945–1962.
  • Andrews SS. Karlen D. Mitchell JP (2002). A comparison of soil quality indexing methods for vegetable production systems in Northern California. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 90, 25–45.
  • Anonim (2011). Soil quality concepts. http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/concepts/concepts.html. Erişim tarihi 14.02.2011.
  • Arshad MA (1999). Tillage ve soil quality; Tillage practices for sustainable agriculture and environmental quality in different agroecosystems. Soil & Tillage Research, 53, 1-2 (Editorial).
  • Arshad MA. Martin S (2002). Identifying critical limits for soil quality indicators in agro-ecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 88:153–160.
  • Askari MS. Holden NM (2015). Quantitative soil quality indexing of temperate arable management systems. Soil and Tillage Research 150, 57-67.
  • Aziz I Mahmood T. Islam KR (2013). Effect of long term no-till and conventional tillage practices on soil quality. Soil & Tillage Research 131;28–35.
  • Beinat E. Nijkamp P (19989. Land-use management and the path towards sustainability. Multicriteria Analysis for Land Use Management, Edited by Euro Beinat and Peter Nijkamp, ISBN: 0-7923-5198-3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp:1-13, AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Bezdicek DF. Papendick RI. Lal,R.(1996). Importance of soil quality to health and sustainable land manegement. Methods for Assessing Soil Quality. Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1-8.
  • Bone J. Head M. Barraclough D. Archer M. Scheib C. Flight D. Voulvoulis N (2010). Soil quality assessment under emerging regulatory requirements. Environment International, (36) 609–622.
  • Cannell RQ. Hawes JD (1994). Trends in tillage practices in relation to sustainable crop production with special reference to temperate climates. Soil and Tillage Research, 30, 245-282.
  • Chan K Y. Hulugalle NR (1999). Changes in some soil properties due to tillage practices in rainfed hardsetting Alfisols and irrigated Vertisols of eastern Australia. Soil and Tillage Research, 53 (1), 49-57.
  • Derpsch R. Moriya K (1998). Implications of on-tillage versus soil preparation on sustainability of agricultural production. Advances in GeoEcology, 31, 1179-1186.
  • Doran JW. Parkin TB (1994). Defining ve assessing soil quality. Ed: Doran, J.W., Coleman, D.C., and Bezdicek, D.F. Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment, 35. USA: Soil Science Society of America, 3-21.
  • Doran JW. Zeiss MR (2000). Soil health and sustainability: managing the biotic component of soil quality. Appl Soil Ecol, (15) 3-11.
  • Elliott LP. Papendick RI (1986). Crop residue management for improved soil productivity. Biol. Agric. Hort. 3: 131–142.
  • Erşahin S (2001). Toprak amenajmanı. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 152. Tokat.
  • Fernandes JC. Gamero CA. Rodrigues JGL. Mira´s-Avalos JM (2011). Determination of the quality index of a Paleudult under sunflower culture and different management systems. Soil and Tillage Research 112: 167–174.
  • Gajri PR. Arora VK. Prihar SS (2002). Tillage for sustainable cropping. Food Products Press. London.
  • Günal H. Korucu T. Birkas M. Özgöz E. Cotoara-Zamfir RH (2015). Threats to sustainability of soil functions in central and southeast europe. sustainability 7, 2161-2188; doi:10.3390/su7022161.
  • Herrick JE (2000). Soil quality: an indicator of sustainable land management? Applied Soil Ecology 15:75–83.
  • Hornick SB (1992). Facors affecting the nutritional quality of crops. Am. J. Altern. Agric., (7) 63-68.
  • Hussain I. Olson KR. Wander MM. Karlen DL (1999). Adaptation of soil quality indices and application to three tillage systems in southern Illinois. Soil & Tillage Research, (50) 237-249.
  • Imaz MJ. Virto I. Bescansa P. Enrique A. Ugalde FO. Karlen DL (2010). Soil quality indicator response to tillage and residue management on semi-arid Mediterranean cropland. Soil & Tillage Research 107, 17–25.
  • Karlen DL. Wollenhaupt NC. Erbach DC. Berry EC. Swan JB. Eash NS. Jordahl JL (1994a). Crop residue effects on soil quality following 10 years of no-till corn. Soil Tillage Res, 31, 149-167.
  • Karlen DL. Wollenhaupt NC. Erbach DC. Berry EC. Swan JB. Eash NS. Jordahl JL (1994b). Long-term tillage effects on soil quality. Soil & Tillage Research 32, 313-327.
  • Karlen DL. Stott DE (1994). A framework for evaluating physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. In: Doran JW, Coleman DC, Bezdicek DF., 1994. Stewart BA, editors. Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America. pp. 53–72.
  • Karlen DL. Mausbach MJ. Doran JW. Cline RG. Harris RF. Schuman GE (1997). Soil quality: a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 61, 4–10.
  • Karlen DL. Ditzler CA. Andrews SS (2003). Soil quality: why ve how?. Geoderma, 114, 145– 156.
  • Karlen DL (2004). Soil quality as an indicator of a sustainable tillage practices. Soil and Tillage Research, 78, 129–130. (Editorial).
  • Karlen DL. Andrews SS. Wienhold BJ (2004). Soil quality, fertility, ve health - Historical Context, Status, and Perspectives. Schjonning, S., Elmholt, S., Chrıstensen, B.T., Editors. Cab International, Cambridge. Managing Soil Quality: Challenges In Modern Agriculture; Chapter 2. S: 17-33.
  • Karlen DL. Andrews SS. Wienhold BJ. Zobeck TM (2008a). Soil quality assessment: past, present and future. Electronic Journal of Integrative Biosciences 6(1), 3-14.
  • Karlen DL. Tomer MD. Neppel J. Cambardella AC (2008b). A preliminary watershed scale soil quality assessment in north central Iowa, USA .Soil& Tillage Research, (99) 291–299.
  • Karlen DL. Cambardella CA. Kovar JL. Colvin TS (2013). Soil Quality response to long term tillage and crop rotation practices. Soil & Tillage Research 133:54-64.
  • Kibblewhite MG. Ritz K. Swift MJ (2008). Soil health in agricultural systems. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 363, 685–701.
  • Kirişçi V. Korucu T (2001). Ekolojik tarımda toprak işleme uygulamaları. Türkiye 2. Ekolojik Tarım Sepozyumu, 14-16 Kasım 2001. S:144 Antalya.
  • Korucu T. Kirişçi V. Görücü S (1998). Korumalı toprak işleme ve Türkiye’deki uygulamaları. Tarımsal Mekanizasyon 18. Ulusal Kongresi Bildirileri CD’si sayfa:321-333. 17-18 Eylül, Tekirdağ.
  • Mijangos I. Pe´ rez R. Albizu I. Garbisu C (2006). Effects of fertilization and tillage on soil biological parameters. Enzyme Microb. Technol, 40, 100–106. ed. Mijangos. I., and Garbisu, C. 2010. Consequences of soil sampling depth during the assessment of the effects of tillage and fertilization on soil quality: a common oversight. Soil & Tillage Research, 109, 169–173.
  • Mukherjee A. Lal R (2014). Comparison of soil quality index using three methods. www.plosone.org. Volume 9, Issue 8.
  • Nakajima T. Lal R. Jiang S (2015). Soil quality index of crosby silt loam in central ohio. Soil and Tillage Research 146, 323-328.
  • Özgöz E. Günal H. Acir N. Gökmen F. Birol M. Budak M (2013). Soil quality and spatial varıabılıty assessment of land use effects in a typıc haplustoll. Land Degradation Development. 24: 277–286.
  • Papendic RI. Parr JF (1997). No-till farming: The way of the future for a sustainable dryland agriculture. Annals of Arid Zone, 36: 193-208.
  • Paz-Ferreiro J. Trasar-Cepeda C. Leirós MC. Seoane S. Gil-Sotres F (2009). Biochemical properties in managed grassland soils in a temperate humid zone: modifications of soil quality as a consequence of intensive grassland use, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 45, 711–722. in: Mijangos I. Garbisu C (2010). Consequences of soil sampling depth during the assessment of the effects of tillage and fertilization on soil quality: a common oversight. Soil & Tillage Research, 109, 169–173.
  • Roming DE. Garlynd MJ. Harris RF. McSweeney K (1995). How farmers assess soil health and quality. J. Soil Water Conserv, (50) 229-236.
  • Shukla MK. Lal R. Ebinger M (2006). Determining soil quality indicators by factor analysis. Soil and Tillage research 87, 194-204.
  • Stott DE. Andrews SS. Liebig MA. Wienhold BJ. Karlen DL (2010). Evaluation of β-Glucosidase activity as a soil quality indicator for the soil management assessment framework. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 74 (1), 107-119.
  • Sullivan P (2004). Sustainable soil management. National sustainable agriculture information service. Soil Systems Guide, 8-10.
  • Tebrügge F. Düring RA (1999). Reducing tillage intensity - a review of results from a long-term study in Germany. Soil and Tillage Research, 53, (1) 15-28.
  • USDA-NRCS (20089. Soil quality indicators. Soil Structure & Macropores.
  • USDA-NRCS (2009). Managing conservation tillage. soil quality-Agronomy. Technical Note. No:9.
  • Wander MM. Drinkwater LE (2000). Fostering soil stewardship through soil quality assessment, Applied Soil Ecology, 15, 61–73.
  • Wienhold BJ. Halvorson AD (1999). Nitrogen mineralization responses to cropping, tillage, and nitrogen rate in the Northern Great Plains. Soil Sci Soc Am J 63, 192–196.
  • Wienhold BJ. Andrews SS. Kuykendall H. Karlen DL (2008). Recent advances in soil quality assessment in the united states. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil science, Vol. 56, No:3.
  • Wienhold BJ. Karlen DL. Andrews SS. Stott DE (2009). Protocol for indicator scoring in the soil management assessment framework (SMAF). Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems: 24 (4), 260–266.
  • Yalçın H. Aykas E. Evrenosoğlu M (2003). Koruyucu tarım ve koruyucu toprak işleme. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakakültesi Dergisi, 40 (2), 153-160.
  • Yao R. Yang J. Gao P. Zhang J. Jin W (2013). Determining minimum data set for soil quality assessment of typical salt-affected farmland in the coastal reclamation area. Soil & Tillage Research 128 :137–148.

Sürdürülebilir Toprak İşleme Yöntemlerinin Belirlenmesinde Toprak Kalitesi Değerlendirmelerinin Önemi

Year 2015, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 337 - 346, 03.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.236414

Abstract

Tarımsal üretimin zaman içerisinde azalmadan devam ettirilebilmesinin önündeki en önemli tehditlerin başında toprağın üretkenlik fonksiyonun azalmasına neden olan bozulma olayları gelmektedir. Toprak işleme uygulamaları toprağın stabilitesi, dayanıklılığı ve kalitesini etkileyen en önemli bozucu faaliyetlerdir. Yoğun toprak işleme, kısa vadede tohum için ideal bir ortam oluştururken uzun vadede toprak kalitesi göstergelerinin olumsuz etkilenmesine yol açmaktadır. Arazi yüzeyinde bırakılan bitki atık miktarları, etkili toprak derinlikleri ve toprağa uyguladıkları basınçları farklı olduğundan dolayı toprak işleme sistemlerinin toprağın fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerine etkisi farklılık göstermektedir. Sürdürülebilir tarımsal üretim yapabilmek için karar verilen toprak işleme sisteminin toprak fonksiyonlarını nasıl etkileyeceğinin iyi bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda,  toprağın geçmiş ve şu anki durumu ile potansiyelini değerlendiren toprak kalitesi değerlendirme yöntemleri, toprak kalitesini koruyacak ya da iyileştirecek uygun toprak işleme sistemlerinin seçimini kolaylaştırır.

References

  • Acir N (2014). Kurak ve yarı-kurak bölge topraklarının toprak kalitesinin belirlenmesinde kullanılacak minimum veri setlerinin hazırlanması. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Ana Bilim Dalı, Tokat.(Doktora Tezi).
  • Altıkat S. Çelik A (2009). Toprak isleme sistemlerinin önemli bazı toprak kalite kriterlerine olan etkileri. Zirai Bilimler Dergisi (Alınteri), 16 (B); 33-41.
  • Acton DF. Gregorich LJ (1995). Understanding soil health. In: the health of our soils: toward sustainable agriculture in Canada. Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, 5–10.
  • Andrews SS. Karlen D. Cambardella CA (2004). The soil management assessment framework: a quantitative soil quality evaluation method. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68, 1945–1962.
  • Andrews SS. Karlen D. Mitchell JP (2002). A comparison of soil quality indexing methods for vegetable production systems in Northern California. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 90, 25–45.
  • Anonim (2011). Soil quality concepts. http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/concepts/concepts.html. Erişim tarihi 14.02.2011.
  • Arshad MA (1999). Tillage ve soil quality; Tillage practices for sustainable agriculture and environmental quality in different agroecosystems. Soil & Tillage Research, 53, 1-2 (Editorial).
  • Arshad MA. Martin S (2002). Identifying critical limits for soil quality indicators in agro-ecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 88:153–160.
  • Askari MS. Holden NM (2015). Quantitative soil quality indexing of temperate arable management systems. Soil and Tillage Research 150, 57-67.
  • Aziz I Mahmood T. Islam KR (2013). Effect of long term no-till and conventional tillage practices on soil quality. Soil & Tillage Research 131;28–35.
  • Beinat E. Nijkamp P (19989. Land-use management and the path towards sustainability. Multicriteria Analysis for Land Use Management, Edited by Euro Beinat and Peter Nijkamp, ISBN: 0-7923-5198-3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp:1-13, AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Bezdicek DF. Papendick RI. Lal,R.(1996). Importance of soil quality to health and sustainable land manegement. Methods for Assessing Soil Quality. Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1-8.
  • Bone J. Head M. Barraclough D. Archer M. Scheib C. Flight D. Voulvoulis N (2010). Soil quality assessment under emerging regulatory requirements. Environment International, (36) 609–622.
  • Cannell RQ. Hawes JD (1994). Trends in tillage practices in relation to sustainable crop production with special reference to temperate climates. Soil and Tillage Research, 30, 245-282.
  • Chan K Y. Hulugalle NR (1999). Changes in some soil properties due to tillage practices in rainfed hardsetting Alfisols and irrigated Vertisols of eastern Australia. Soil and Tillage Research, 53 (1), 49-57.
  • Derpsch R. Moriya K (1998). Implications of on-tillage versus soil preparation on sustainability of agricultural production. Advances in GeoEcology, 31, 1179-1186.
  • Doran JW. Parkin TB (1994). Defining ve assessing soil quality. Ed: Doran, J.W., Coleman, D.C., and Bezdicek, D.F. Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment, 35. USA: Soil Science Society of America, 3-21.
  • Doran JW. Zeiss MR (2000). Soil health and sustainability: managing the biotic component of soil quality. Appl Soil Ecol, (15) 3-11.
  • Elliott LP. Papendick RI (1986). Crop residue management for improved soil productivity. Biol. Agric. Hort. 3: 131–142.
  • Erşahin S (2001). Toprak amenajmanı. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 152. Tokat.
  • Fernandes JC. Gamero CA. Rodrigues JGL. Mira´s-Avalos JM (2011). Determination of the quality index of a Paleudult under sunflower culture and different management systems. Soil and Tillage Research 112: 167–174.
  • Gajri PR. Arora VK. Prihar SS (2002). Tillage for sustainable cropping. Food Products Press. London.
  • Günal H. Korucu T. Birkas M. Özgöz E. Cotoara-Zamfir RH (2015). Threats to sustainability of soil functions in central and southeast europe. sustainability 7, 2161-2188; doi:10.3390/su7022161.
  • Herrick JE (2000). Soil quality: an indicator of sustainable land management? Applied Soil Ecology 15:75–83.
  • Hornick SB (1992). Facors affecting the nutritional quality of crops. Am. J. Altern. Agric., (7) 63-68.
  • Hussain I. Olson KR. Wander MM. Karlen DL (1999). Adaptation of soil quality indices and application to three tillage systems in southern Illinois. Soil & Tillage Research, (50) 237-249.
  • Imaz MJ. Virto I. Bescansa P. Enrique A. Ugalde FO. Karlen DL (2010). Soil quality indicator response to tillage and residue management on semi-arid Mediterranean cropland. Soil & Tillage Research 107, 17–25.
  • Karlen DL. Wollenhaupt NC. Erbach DC. Berry EC. Swan JB. Eash NS. Jordahl JL (1994a). Crop residue effects on soil quality following 10 years of no-till corn. Soil Tillage Res, 31, 149-167.
  • Karlen DL. Wollenhaupt NC. Erbach DC. Berry EC. Swan JB. Eash NS. Jordahl JL (1994b). Long-term tillage effects on soil quality. Soil & Tillage Research 32, 313-327.
  • Karlen DL. Stott DE (1994). A framework for evaluating physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. In: Doran JW, Coleman DC, Bezdicek DF., 1994. Stewart BA, editors. Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America. pp. 53–72.
  • Karlen DL. Mausbach MJ. Doran JW. Cline RG. Harris RF. Schuman GE (1997). Soil quality: a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 61, 4–10.
  • Karlen DL. Ditzler CA. Andrews SS (2003). Soil quality: why ve how?. Geoderma, 114, 145– 156.
  • Karlen DL (2004). Soil quality as an indicator of a sustainable tillage practices. Soil and Tillage Research, 78, 129–130. (Editorial).
  • Karlen DL. Andrews SS. Wienhold BJ (2004). Soil quality, fertility, ve health - Historical Context, Status, and Perspectives. Schjonning, S., Elmholt, S., Chrıstensen, B.T., Editors. Cab International, Cambridge. Managing Soil Quality: Challenges In Modern Agriculture; Chapter 2. S: 17-33.
  • Karlen DL. Andrews SS. Wienhold BJ. Zobeck TM (2008a). Soil quality assessment: past, present and future. Electronic Journal of Integrative Biosciences 6(1), 3-14.
  • Karlen DL. Tomer MD. Neppel J. Cambardella AC (2008b). A preliminary watershed scale soil quality assessment in north central Iowa, USA .Soil& Tillage Research, (99) 291–299.
  • Karlen DL. Cambardella CA. Kovar JL. Colvin TS (2013). Soil Quality response to long term tillage and crop rotation practices. Soil & Tillage Research 133:54-64.
  • Kibblewhite MG. Ritz K. Swift MJ (2008). Soil health in agricultural systems. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 363, 685–701.
  • Kirişçi V. Korucu T (2001). Ekolojik tarımda toprak işleme uygulamaları. Türkiye 2. Ekolojik Tarım Sepozyumu, 14-16 Kasım 2001. S:144 Antalya.
  • Korucu T. Kirişçi V. Görücü S (1998). Korumalı toprak işleme ve Türkiye’deki uygulamaları. Tarımsal Mekanizasyon 18. Ulusal Kongresi Bildirileri CD’si sayfa:321-333. 17-18 Eylül, Tekirdağ.
  • Mijangos I. Pe´ rez R. Albizu I. Garbisu C (2006). Effects of fertilization and tillage on soil biological parameters. Enzyme Microb. Technol, 40, 100–106. ed. Mijangos. I., and Garbisu, C. 2010. Consequences of soil sampling depth during the assessment of the effects of tillage and fertilization on soil quality: a common oversight. Soil & Tillage Research, 109, 169–173.
  • Mukherjee A. Lal R (2014). Comparison of soil quality index using three methods. www.plosone.org. Volume 9, Issue 8.
  • Nakajima T. Lal R. Jiang S (2015). Soil quality index of crosby silt loam in central ohio. Soil and Tillage Research 146, 323-328.
  • Özgöz E. Günal H. Acir N. Gökmen F. Birol M. Budak M (2013). Soil quality and spatial varıabılıty assessment of land use effects in a typıc haplustoll. Land Degradation Development. 24: 277–286.
  • Papendic RI. Parr JF (1997). No-till farming: The way of the future for a sustainable dryland agriculture. Annals of Arid Zone, 36: 193-208.
  • Paz-Ferreiro J. Trasar-Cepeda C. Leirós MC. Seoane S. Gil-Sotres F (2009). Biochemical properties in managed grassland soils in a temperate humid zone: modifications of soil quality as a consequence of intensive grassland use, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 45, 711–722. in: Mijangos I. Garbisu C (2010). Consequences of soil sampling depth during the assessment of the effects of tillage and fertilization on soil quality: a common oversight. Soil & Tillage Research, 109, 169–173.
  • Roming DE. Garlynd MJ. Harris RF. McSweeney K (1995). How farmers assess soil health and quality. J. Soil Water Conserv, (50) 229-236.
  • Shukla MK. Lal R. Ebinger M (2006). Determining soil quality indicators by factor analysis. Soil and Tillage research 87, 194-204.
  • Stott DE. Andrews SS. Liebig MA. Wienhold BJ. Karlen DL (2010). Evaluation of β-Glucosidase activity as a soil quality indicator for the soil management assessment framework. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 74 (1), 107-119.
  • Sullivan P (2004). Sustainable soil management. National sustainable agriculture information service. Soil Systems Guide, 8-10.
  • Tebrügge F. Düring RA (1999). Reducing tillage intensity - a review of results from a long-term study in Germany. Soil and Tillage Research, 53, (1) 15-28.
  • USDA-NRCS (20089. Soil quality indicators. Soil Structure & Macropores.
  • USDA-NRCS (2009). Managing conservation tillage. soil quality-Agronomy. Technical Note. No:9.
  • Wander MM. Drinkwater LE (2000). Fostering soil stewardship through soil quality assessment, Applied Soil Ecology, 15, 61–73.
  • Wienhold BJ. Halvorson AD (1999). Nitrogen mineralization responses to cropping, tillage, and nitrogen rate in the Northern Great Plains. Soil Sci Soc Am J 63, 192–196.
  • Wienhold BJ. Andrews SS. Kuykendall H. Karlen DL (2008). Recent advances in soil quality assessment in the united states. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil science, Vol. 56, No:3.
  • Wienhold BJ. Karlen DL. Andrews SS. Stott DE (2009). Protocol for indicator scoring in the soil management assessment framework (SMAF). Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems: 24 (4), 260–266.
  • Yalçın H. Aykas E. Evrenosoğlu M (2003). Koruyucu tarım ve koruyucu toprak işleme. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakakültesi Dergisi, 40 (2), 153-160.
  • Yao R. Yang J. Gao P. Zhang J. Jin W (2013). Determining minimum data set for soil quality assessment of typical salt-affected farmland in the coastal reclamation area. Soil & Tillage Research 128 :137–148.
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Water Resources and Water Structures
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mustafa Bayram

Hikmet Günal This is me

Engin Özgöz This is me

Publication Date December 3, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 25 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Bayram, M., Günal, H., & Özgöz, E. (2015). Sürdürülebilir Toprak İşleme Yöntemlerinin Belirlenmesinde Toprak Kalitesi Değerlendirmelerinin Önemi. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 25(3), 337-346. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.236414
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Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences by Van Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Agriculture is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.