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The Cross-Breeding Performances of Some Peach Varieties

Year 2016, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 89 - 97, 31.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.236447

Abstract

In Turkey, peach breeding activities are quite inadequate. Only one breeding program to develop new peach varieties for fresh market and processing by controlled hybridization has been carried out in Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Institute. The present study was performed to evaluate fruit set rate, and a number of harvested fruit and stratified seed and germinated seed and seedling for each combinations and to determine the best parents to use in future crosses. Forty-two controlled crosses between ten peach varieties were made during 2008 and 2009 and total 32,922 flowers were pollinated. The full ripening fruits were harvested and hybrid seeds extracted. These seeds were stratified without endocarp at 4-5 °C for 40-90 days. The resulted seedlings were planted in an experimental orchard.  Some problems including embryo and seed abortions, rosetting, multiple pistil and fungal infection occurred on fruits, trees and seedlings in the different developmental stages. The rates of fruit set were determined to be 78.27% and 73.10% for two years, respectively. Total 3,461 fruits were harvested and 2,730 seeds were stratified. The number of germinated seeds and resulted seedlings were 2,451 and 2,144, respectively. Our results showed that hybrid seeds should be stratified immediately after harvest to shorten breeding period and also stratification without endocarp can be lead the rosetting seedlings. Moreover, fluctuating temperature, not even frost, can cause to embryo abortions. Bayramic Tüysüzü, Sarı Papa, Vivian and Fortuna should be suggested as parent to obtain a large number of hybrid plants in a peach breeding program.

References

  • Arbeloa A, Daorden ME, Garcia E, Wünsch A, Hormaza JI, Marin JA (2006). Significant effect of accidental pollinations on the progeny of low setting Prunus interspecific crosses. Euphytica 147: 389-394.
  • Bacon TA, Byrne DH (1995). Relationships of fruit development period, seed germination, seedling survival, and percent dry weight of ovule in peach. HortScience 30: 833.
  • Bassi D, Monet R (2008). Botany and Taxonomy, pp 1-37, In: Layne DR, Bassi D (Eds). The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International Press, Wallingford, UK.
  • Bellini E, Nencetti V, Picardi E, Giannelli G (2000). Advanced selections of white flesh nectarines obtained in Florence. Acta Horticulturae 522: 51-60.
  • Cantin CM, Gogorcena Y, Moreno MA (2010). Phenotypic diversity and relationships of fruit quality traits in peach and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] breeding progenies. Euphytica 171: 211–226.
  • Dosba F (2003). Progress and prospects in stone fruit breeding. Acta Horticulturae 622: 35– 43.
  • Engin H, Ünal A (2004). Bazı şeftali çeşitlerinde çift meyve oluşumuna su eksikliğinin etkileri, [The Effects of Water Deficits on Fruit Doubling Peach Cultivars]. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 41(2): 29-36.
  • Giovannini D, Liverani A, Merli M, Brandi F (2006). Breeding strategies to improve peach fruit quality. Acta Horticulturae 713:107-112.
  • Gomez PM, Dicenta F (2001). Mechanisms of dormancy in seeds of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) cv.GF305. Scientia Horticulturae 91(1-2): 51-58.
  • Hagillih DA, Hodel DR, Surls AMR, Bender GS, Lazaneo VF (2003). Performance of low-chill peach cultivars in South Coastal California. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 116: 47-50.
  • Hancock JF, Scorza R, Lobos GA (2008). Peaches, pp 265-298, In: Hancock JF (Ed). Temperate Fruit Crop Breeding: Germplasm to Genomics. Springer Science Business Media B.V.
  • Handley DF, Johnson RS (2000). Late summer irrigation of water-stressed peach trees reduces fruit doubles and deep sutures. HortScience 35(4): 771.
  • Hesse CO (1975). Peaches, pp 285-335, In: Jannick J, Moore JN (Eds). Advances in Fruit Breeding. Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Indiana.
  • Huang H, Cheng Z, Zhang Z, Wang Y (2008). History of cultivation and trends in China, pp 37-60, In: Layne DR, Bassi D (Eds). The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International Press, Wallingford, UK.
  • Jiang Q, Guo JY, Zhao JB (2002). Flat peach breeding program in Beijing. Acta Horticulturae 592: 99-101.
  • Malcolm PJ, Holford P, McGlasson WB, Newman S (2003a). Temperature and seed weight affect the germination of peach rootstock seeds and the growth of rootstock seedlings. Scientia Horticulturae 98: 247-256.
  • Malcolm PJ, Holford P, McGlasson WB, Newman S (2003b). Variety and temperature affect the production of multiple stems from peach seedling rootstocks. European Journal of Horticultural Science 68(1): 20-25.
  • Milatovic D, Nikolic D, Durovic D (2010). Variability, heritability and correlations of some factors affecting productivity in peach. Horticultural Science (Prague) 37(3): 79-87.
  • Monet R, Bassi D (2008). Classical Genetics and Breeding, pp 61-85, In: Layne DR, Bassi D (Eds). The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International Press, Wallingford, UK.
  • Nava GA, Dalmago GA, Bergamaschi H, Paniz R, Santos RP, Marodin GAB (2009). Effect of high temperatures in the pre-blooming and blooming periods on ovule formation, pollen grains and yield of 'Granada' peach. Scientia Horticulturae 22: 37-44.
  • Nyeki J, Szabo Z (1996). Fruit set of self and pollen pollinated peach flowers under Hungarian ecological conditions. Acta Horticulturae 374: 177–180.
  • Nyeki J, Szabo Z, Andrasfalvy A, Soltesz M, Kovacs J (1998). Open pollination and autogamy of peach and nectarine varieties. Acta Horticulturae 465: 279–284.
  • Okie V R, Bacon T, Bassi D (2008). Fresh Market Cultivar Development, pp 139-175, In: Layne DR, Bassi D (Eds). The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International Press, Wallingford, UK.
  • Okie WR (2001). USDA Prunus breeding in Byron, Georgia. In: Proceedings of Brazil Fruit Symposium, pp 51-55.
  • Sansavini S, Gamberini A, Bassi D (2006). Peach breeding, genetics and new cultivar trends. Acta Horticulturae 713: 23-48.
  • Sherman WB, Beckman TG (2003). Climatic adaptation in fruit crops. Acta Horticulturae 622: 411-428.
  • Sherman WB, Lyrene PM (2003). Low chill breeding of deciduous fruits at the University of Florida. Acta Horticulturae 622: 599-605.
  • Szabo Z, Nyeki J, Szalay L (2000). Autofertility of peach varieties in a variety collection. Acta Horticulturae 538: 131-134.
  • Tanrıver E, Küden AB (2004). Breeding studies with Üstün peach. Acta Horticulturae 663(2): 733-738.
  • Topp BL, Sherman WB, Raseira MCB (2008). Low-Chill Cultivar Development, pp 106-139, In: Layne DR, Bassi D (Eds). The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International Press, Wallingford, UK.
  • Tukey HB, Carlson RF (1945). Breaking the dormancy of peach seed by treatment with thiourea. Plant Physiology 20(4): 505–516.
  • Wani IA, Bhat MY, Lone AA, Mir MY (2010). Unfruitfulness in fruit crops: Causes and remedies. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5(25): 3581-3589.

Bazı Şeftali Çeşitlerinin Melezleme Performansları

Year 2016, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 89 - 97, 31.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.236447

Abstract

Türkiye’de şeftali ıslahı konusundaki çalışmalar oldukça yetersizdir.  Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde kontrollü melezleme yoluyla yeni sofralık ve sanayilik şeftali çeşitlerinin geliştirmek için devam eden bir çalışma bulunmaktadır.  Bu çalışmada, farklı melezleme kombinasyonlarında meyve tutumu, hasat edilen meyve sayısı, katlanan tohum sayısı ile çimlenme oranı ve melez bitki sayılarının tespiti ve en iyi ebeveyn kombinasyonunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 2008 ve 2009 yıllarında ebeveyn olarak on şeftali/nektarin çeşidi kullanılarak 42 kombinasyon oluşturulmuş ve 32,922 adet çiçek tozlanmıştır. Meyve tutum oranları her iki yılda sırasıyla %78.27 ve %73.10 olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplam olarak 3461 adet meyve elde edilmiş ve çekirdekler kırıldıktan sonra 2730 adet tohum katlamaya alınmıştır. Bu tohumlardan 2451 adedi çimlenmiş ve 2144 melez bitkinin araziye dikimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre tohumların hasattan hemen sonra katlamaya alınarak bitkilerin yetiştirilmesi, ıslah süresinin kısaltılmasında faydalıdır ancak çekirdek yerine tohum katlaması yapılması melez bireylerde rozetlenmeye neden olabilmektedir. Ayrıca don olayı olmasa bile meyve tutumundan sonraki gece/gündüz sıcaklıkları arasındaki düzensizlikler, embriyo aborsiyonlarına sebep olabilmektedir. Yapılan değerlendirmelere göre Bayramiç Tüysüzü, Sarı Papa, Vivian ve Fortuna tip/çeşitleri, melezleme çalışmalarında çok sayıda melez bireyin sorunsuz şekilde edilmesinde kullanılabilecek ebeveynler olarak belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Arbeloa A, Daorden ME, Garcia E, Wünsch A, Hormaza JI, Marin JA (2006). Significant effect of accidental pollinations on the progeny of low setting Prunus interspecific crosses. Euphytica 147: 389-394.
  • Bacon TA, Byrne DH (1995). Relationships of fruit development period, seed germination, seedling survival, and percent dry weight of ovule in peach. HortScience 30: 833.
  • Bassi D, Monet R (2008). Botany and Taxonomy, pp 1-37, In: Layne DR, Bassi D (Eds). The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International Press, Wallingford, UK.
  • Bellini E, Nencetti V, Picardi E, Giannelli G (2000). Advanced selections of white flesh nectarines obtained in Florence. Acta Horticulturae 522: 51-60.
  • Cantin CM, Gogorcena Y, Moreno MA (2010). Phenotypic diversity and relationships of fruit quality traits in peach and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] breeding progenies. Euphytica 171: 211–226.
  • Dosba F (2003). Progress and prospects in stone fruit breeding. Acta Horticulturae 622: 35– 43.
  • Engin H, Ünal A (2004). Bazı şeftali çeşitlerinde çift meyve oluşumuna su eksikliğinin etkileri, [The Effects of Water Deficits on Fruit Doubling Peach Cultivars]. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 41(2): 29-36.
  • Giovannini D, Liverani A, Merli M, Brandi F (2006). Breeding strategies to improve peach fruit quality. Acta Horticulturae 713:107-112.
  • Gomez PM, Dicenta F (2001). Mechanisms of dormancy in seeds of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) cv.GF305. Scientia Horticulturae 91(1-2): 51-58.
  • Hagillih DA, Hodel DR, Surls AMR, Bender GS, Lazaneo VF (2003). Performance of low-chill peach cultivars in South Coastal California. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 116: 47-50.
  • Hancock JF, Scorza R, Lobos GA (2008). Peaches, pp 265-298, In: Hancock JF (Ed). Temperate Fruit Crop Breeding: Germplasm to Genomics. Springer Science Business Media B.V.
  • Handley DF, Johnson RS (2000). Late summer irrigation of water-stressed peach trees reduces fruit doubles and deep sutures. HortScience 35(4): 771.
  • Hesse CO (1975). Peaches, pp 285-335, In: Jannick J, Moore JN (Eds). Advances in Fruit Breeding. Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Indiana.
  • Huang H, Cheng Z, Zhang Z, Wang Y (2008). History of cultivation and trends in China, pp 37-60, In: Layne DR, Bassi D (Eds). The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International Press, Wallingford, UK.
  • Jiang Q, Guo JY, Zhao JB (2002). Flat peach breeding program in Beijing. Acta Horticulturae 592: 99-101.
  • Malcolm PJ, Holford P, McGlasson WB, Newman S (2003a). Temperature and seed weight affect the germination of peach rootstock seeds and the growth of rootstock seedlings. Scientia Horticulturae 98: 247-256.
  • Malcolm PJ, Holford P, McGlasson WB, Newman S (2003b). Variety and temperature affect the production of multiple stems from peach seedling rootstocks. European Journal of Horticultural Science 68(1): 20-25.
  • Milatovic D, Nikolic D, Durovic D (2010). Variability, heritability and correlations of some factors affecting productivity in peach. Horticultural Science (Prague) 37(3): 79-87.
  • Monet R, Bassi D (2008). Classical Genetics and Breeding, pp 61-85, In: Layne DR, Bassi D (Eds). The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International Press, Wallingford, UK.
  • Nava GA, Dalmago GA, Bergamaschi H, Paniz R, Santos RP, Marodin GAB (2009). Effect of high temperatures in the pre-blooming and blooming periods on ovule formation, pollen grains and yield of 'Granada' peach. Scientia Horticulturae 22: 37-44.
  • Nyeki J, Szabo Z (1996). Fruit set of self and pollen pollinated peach flowers under Hungarian ecological conditions. Acta Horticulturae 374: 177–180.
  • Nyeki J, Szabo Z, Andrasfalvy A, Soltesz M, Kovacs J (1998). Open pollination and autogamy of peach and nectarine varieties. Acta Horticulturae 465: 279–284.
  • Okie V R, Bacon T, Bassi D (2008). Fresh Market Cultivar Development, pp 139-175, In: Layne DR, Bassi D (Eds). The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International Press, Wallingford, UK.
  • Okie WR (2001). USDA Prunus breeding in Byron, Georgia. In: Proceedings of Brazil Fruit Symposium, pp 51-55.
  • Sansavini S, Gamberini A, Bassi D (2006). Peach breeding, genetics and new cultivar trends. Acta Horticulturae 713: 23-48.
  • Sherman WB, Beckman TG (2003). Climatic adaptation in fruit crops. Acta Horticulturae 622: 411-428.
  • Sherman WB, Lyrene PM (2003). Low chill breeding of deciduous fruits at the University of Florida. Acta Horticulturae 622: 599-605.
  • Szabo Z, Nyeki J, Szalay L (2000). Autofertility of peach varieties in a variety collection. Acta Horticulturae 538: 131-134.
  • Tanrıver E, Küden AB (2004). Breeding studies with Üstün peach. Acta Horticulturae 663(2): 733-738.
  • Topp BL, Sherman WB, Raseira MCB (2008). Low-Chill Cultivar Development, pp 106-139, In: Layne DR, Bassi D (Eds). The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International Press, Wallingford, UK.
  • Tukey HB, Carlson RF (1945). Breaking the dormancy of peach seed by treatment with thiourea. Plant Physiology 20(4): 505–516.
  • Wani IA, Bhat MY, Lone AA, Mir MY (2010). Unfruitfulness in fruit crops: Causes and remedies. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5(25): 3581-3589.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Water Resources and Water Structures
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zeynep Özdemir Eroğlu This is me

Adelet Mısırlı This is me

Ayzin Küden This is me

Publication Date January 31, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 26 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özdemir Eroğlu, Z., Mısırlı, A., & Küden, A. (2016). The Cross-Breeding Performances of Some Peach Varieties. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(1), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.236447

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Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences by Van Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Agriculture is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.