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Meyve Gelişimi ve Olgunlaşmasında Rol Oynayan Gen Düzenleyici Aktörler

Year 2016, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 288 - 299, 30.06.2016

Abstract

Meyveler genel olarak Angiospermlerin ayırt edici özelliğidir. Meyveler çok farklı form ve şekillerde meydana gelebilirler. Ayrıca meyveler, insanlar için mineraller, vitaminler, lifler ve antioksidanlar sağlayarak tamamlayıcı diyetin önemli bir kısmını oluştururlar. Meyvelerin olgunlaşması çok karışık bir süreçtir ve gelişimsel süreçle oldukça koordineli bir şekilde meydana gelir. Olgunlaşma işlemi, perikarp katmanlarının kademeli olarak yumuşaması ve/veya odunlaşması, şekerlerin, asitlerin, pigmentlerin biriktirilmesi ve uçucu bileşiklerin açığa çıkması gibi olayları kontrol eden binlerce gen tarafından düzenlenir. Meyve olgunlaşmasının ardındaki genetik ve moleküler mekanizmayı derinlemesine anlamak meyve üretimi ve kalitesinin gelişmesi açısından kilit bir öneme sahiptir. Bu bağlamda son zamanlarda meyve gelişimi ve olgunlaşması üzerinde rol oynayan mikroRNA’lar (miRNA), transkripsiyon faktörleri (TF), uzun kodlanmayan RNA’lar (lnc RNA), gibi genetik aktörler hızla keşfedilmektedir. Ayrıca günümüzde etkili  genom düzenleyici bir teknik olan düzenli aralıklarla bölünmüş palindromik tekrar kümeleri (CRISPR-Cas9) sistemi ve epigenetik yaklaşımlar da meyve gelişiminde rol oynayan moleküler mekanizmaların belirlenmesi için kullanılmaktadır.

References

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Gene Regulatory Actors Involved in Fruit Development and Ripening

Year 2016, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 288 - 299, 30.06.2016

Abstract

Fruits are a distinctive features for Angiosperms. They may occur in many different form and shape. Furthermore, fruits are a rich source of supplementary diet, providing various nutrition such as vitamins, minerals, fibers and antioxidants for human. The maturation of fruits is very complex and highly coordinated with developmental process. Maturation process is regulated by thousands of genes controlling events such as gradual softening, or/and lignification  of pericarp layers, accumulation of sugars, acids and pigments, releasing of volatile compounds. Gaining a better and deeper understanding of the mechanism behind fruit maturation plays a key role for fruit production and improvement of quality. In this context, a number of genetic actors regulating fruit development and maturation such as microRNA's, transcription factors and long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs) have been discovered. Nowadays, Clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas9) which is very effective genom regulatory technique and epigenetic approach are used to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in fruit development.

References

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  • Elitzur T, et al. (2010). "The regulation of MADS-box gene expression during ripening of banana and their regulatory interaction with ethylene." Journal of Experimental Botany 61(5): 1523-1535.
  • Elkon R, et al. (2013). Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation: extent, regulation and function. Nature Reviews Genetics. 14;7 : 496-506.
  • Enfissi E M, et al. (2010). "Integrative transcript and metabolite analysis of nutritionally enhanced DE-ETIOLATED1 downregulated tomato fruit." The Plant Cell 22(4): 1190-1215.
  • Eriksson O, Friis E M and Lofgren P. (2000). Seed size, fruit size, and dispersal systems in angiosperms from the early cretaceous to the late tertiary. Am. Nat. 156, 47–58. doi: 10.1086/303367
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  • SBP box gene SPL3 prevents early flowering by translational inhibition in
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  • Gao C, et al. (2015). MicroRNA profiling analysis throughout tomato fruit development and ripening reveals potential regulatory role of RIN on microRNAs accumulation. Plant biotechnology journal.13;3: 370-382.
  • Giménez E, et al. (2010). "Functional analysis of the Arlequin mutant corroborates the essential role of the Arlequin/TAGL1 gene during reproductive development of tomato." PLoS One 5(12): e14427.
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  • Giovannoni J (2001). Molecular biology of fruit maturation and ripening. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 52, 725–749. doi: 10.1146/ annurev.arplant.52.1.725
  • Giovannoni J J (2007). Fruit ripening mutants yield insights into ripening control. Current opinion in plant biology. 10;3: 283-289.
  • Grimplet J, et al. (2007). "Tissue-specific mRNA expression profiling in grape berry tissues." BMC genomics 8(1): 1.
  • Guo H and J R Ecker (2003). Plant responses to ethylene gas are mediated by SCF EBF1/EBF2-dependent proteolysis of EIN3 transcription factor. Cell. 115;6 : 667-677.
  • Guo H S, et al. (2005). MicroRNA directs mRNA cleavage of the transcription factor NAC1 to downregulate auxin signals for Arabidopsis lateral root development. The Plant Cell.17;5 : 1376-1386.
  • Gutierrez L, et al. (2009). Phenotypic plasticity of adventitious rooting in Arabidopsis is controlled by complex regulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR transcripts and microRNA abundance. The Plant Cell.21;10:3119-3132.
  • Gündoğdu R ÇV (2009). RNA İnterferans (RNAi). Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 25(1-2):34-47.
  • Hamilton, A, et al. (1990). Antisense gene that inhibits synthesis of the hormone ethylene in transgenic plants.
  • Hileman L C, et al. (2006). Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the MADS-box gene family in tomato. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23(11): 2245-2258.
  • Hyun T K, et al. (2014). De-novo RNA sequencing and metabolite profiling to identify genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Korean black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel). PloS one. 9;2: e88292.
  • Itkin M, et al. (2009). TOMATO AGAMOUS‐LIKE 1 is a component of the fruit ripening regulatory network. The Plant Journal. 60;6 : 1081-1095.
  • Jaakola L, et al. (2010). A SQUAMOSA MADS box gene involved in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in bilberry fruits. Plant Physiology 153(4): 1619-1629.
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Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Behcet İnal

Koray Özrenk This is me

Serdar Altıntaş This is me

Publication Date June 30, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 26 Issue: 2

Cite

APA İnal, B., Özrenk, K., & Altıntaş, S. (2016). Gene Regulatory Actors Involved in Fruit Development and Ripening. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(2), 288-299.
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