Ürdün Vadisinde Yetiştirilen Muzlarda Panama Hastalığının Kontrolünde Toprak Solarizasyonu ile Kombine Nano-Teknolojinin Etkisi

Year 2019, Volume: 29 Number: Special Issue, 16 - 23, 31.05.2019

Ahmad Mohamad Almomany , Nida Salem Monther Mohumad Tahat

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.466531

Abstract

Toprak
solarizasyonu, enfekte muz fidelerinin dikildiği parsele uygulanmıştır. 80µ
kalınlığında şeffaf plastik örtülerin yayılması, 1 Ağustos - 12 Ekim 2017
tarihleri arasında Jordan Valley'deki Üniversite Çiftliği’nde yapılmıştır.
Bütün fitopatojenik propagüllerin 30 cm derinlikte giderilmesinde toprak
solarizasyonu etkili olmuştur. Daha sonra şeffaf plastik örtüler kaldırılmış ve
solarize edilmiş toprağa sağlıklı Grand Naine çeşidi muz fideleri ile
dikilmiştir. Muz bitkileri, arıtılmış atık su ile sulanmasının yanı sıra 200
ila 400 ppm Gümüş Nanopartikül (AgNP), iki fungisit, Revanol ve Tachigaren,
Sodyum Hipoklorit, Nanopartikül çözeltisi ile toprağa kimyasal olarak muamele
edilmiştir. Biyolojik kontrol üç tedavi içermektedir; Endomikorhiza, Ticari bir
ürün olarak Trichoderma (BioHealth) ve rizo-bakterileri teşvik eden bitki
büyümesi. İki uygulamaya taze tavuk ve koyun gübresi eklenmiştir. On iki
uygulama tam tesadüfi blok deneme deseninde rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Glomus mosseae
endomikhıriza, 200ppm AgNPs, Revanol ve Tachigaren muz fidesi uygulamaları ile
yapılan aşılama, muz bitkilerinin Fusarium solgunluğunu tüm deney süresince
tamamen korumada en etkili olmuştur. Bazı Trichoderma uygulamaları, atık su ve
400 ppm AgNP'ler, enfekte olmuş muz fidelerinin dikimden dokuz ay sonra
korunmasında etkili olmuştur. Koyun ve tavuk gübresi uygulamaları, Fusarium
solgunluğu ile sırasıyla % 60 ve% 40, Hypex, PGPR ve kontrol tedavilerinde % 20
ve% 40 hastalık oluşumu ile sonuçlanmıştır. Atık su, Nanopartiküller 200 ppm ve
endomikorhizal işlemler en yüksek piç oranını vermiştir. Toprak solarizasyonunu
ve Ürdün'deki Panama muz hastalığını kontrol etmek için entegre program
kullanmanızı önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Fusarium, Trichoderma, AgNPs, Endomikorhiza, Panama hastalığı, Toprak solarizasyonu, Trichoderma

Effect of Nano Technology in Combination with Soil Solarization to Control Panama Disease of Banana in Jordan Valley

Abstract

Soil
solarization was applied for a field which was planted with infected banana
seedlings. Spreading transparent plastic sheets of 80µ thickness was done from
August, 1 until October 12, 2017 at the University Farm in Jordan Valley. Soil
solarization was effective in elimination of all phytopathogenic propagules at 30 cm depth. Then clear
plastic sheets were removed and the solarized land was planted with healthy
banana seedlings cultivar Grand Naine. Banana plantlets were chemically treated
as soil drench with Nanoparticle solution of 200 and 400 ppm of Silver
Nanoparticles (AgNPs), two fungicides, Revanol and Tachigaren, Sodium Hypochlorite
in addition of irrigation of one treatment with treated wastewater. Biological
control included three treatments; Endomycorrhiza, Trichoderma as a
commercial product (BioHealth) and plant growth promoting rhizo-bacteria. Fresh
chicken and sheep manure was added to two treatments. Twelve treatments were
distributed randomly in randomized complete block design. Endomycorrhizal
inoculation with Glomus mosseae, 200 ppm of AgNPs, Revanol and
Tachigaren treatments of banana seedlings were the most effective in completely
protecting banana plants from Fusarium wilt during the whole experimental
period. Several applications of Trichoderma, wastewater and 400 ppm of
AgNPs were effective in maintaining some infected banana seedlings nine months
after planting very healthy. Sheep and chicken manure treatments resulted with
60 and 40% disease incidence with Fusarium wilt respectively and 20% of disease
incidence in Hypex, PGPR and control treatments. Wastewater, Nanoparticles 200 ppm
and endomycorhizal treatments gave the highest ratio of sword sucker
development. We recommend soil solarization and use of integrated program to
control Panama disease of banana in Jordan.

Keywords

AgNPs, Endomycorrhiza, Fusarium, Panama disease, Soil Solarization, Trichoderma

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