The Effects of Hungarian Vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and Triticale (x Triticosecale sp. Wittmack) Sown in Different Seed Rates on Feed Value and Ruminal Degradability Characteristics of Nutrients

Year 2020, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 553 - 562, 30.09.2020

Numan Kılıçalp , Mahir Özkurt , Yaşar Karadağ

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.702354

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine forage yield, forage quality and in situ rumen degradation characteristics of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) mixtures with triticale (x Triticosecale sp. Wittmack) in different seeding rates (HV, 75:25 HVT, 50:50 HVT, 25:75 HVT and T) during the flowering period of triticale. The research was carried out in the experimental lands of Gaziosmanpaşa University Agricultural Application and Research Center during the 2015-2016 vegetation period. Field experiment was designed as Randomized Block Design with 3 replicates. Besides, three rumen cannulated Karayaka rams (average 3 year old) were used to determine dry matter degradablity characteristics of pure and mixtures by using in situ method according to randomized design. The results that biomass and dry matter yield were not different among the groups, whereas the highest crude protein concentration (13.12%) was determined in the pure sown Hungarian vetch (P<0.01). In addition, the maximum crude protein yield was obtained from 75:25HVT group. In terms of effective dry matter digestibility, 50:50HVT experimental group, ED2, ED5 and ED8 (720.82, 706.1 and 692.64 g kg-1) was found to have the highest dry matter degradability. It was concluded that in case of mixed cultivation of Hungarian vetch and triticale, more digestible dry matter yield and crude protein yield can be obtained compared to pure cultivation.

Keywords

Hay yield, Hungarian vetch, Nutritive value, Ruminal degradability, Triticale

Supporting Institution

Financially supported by Gaziosmanpasa Üniversty.

Project Number

(2015/121)

Thanks

This work is part of the scientific research project (2015/121) financially supported by Gaziosmanpasa Üniversty. We express our sincerest gratitude to them for their support

Farklı Tohum Oranlarında Ekilen Macar Fiği (Vicia Pannonica Crantz.) ve Tritikalenin (Xtriticosecale Wittmack) Yem Değeri ve Rumende Parçalanabilirlik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, tritikale (x Triticosecale sp. Wittmack) ile Macar fiğinin (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) farklı tohum karışım oranlarının (HV, 75:25 HVT, 50:50HVT, 25:75 HVT ve T).) tritikalenin çiçeklenme dönemindeki ot verimi ve kalitesi ile rumende parçalanabilirlik özelliklerine etkisini belirlemekti. Araştırma, 2015-2016 vejatasyon döneminde Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Tarımsal Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi deneme sahalarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Ayrıca, saf ve karışım kuru otların rumende kuru madde parçalanabilirlik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla rumenlerine kanül takılmış üç baş Karayaka koçu (50 kg canlı ağırlık ve ortalama 3 yaşında) kullanılmıştır. Yeşil ot ve kuru madde veriminin gruplar arasında farklı olmadığı, en yüksek ham protein konsantrasyonu (% 13.12) ise saf ekili Macar fiğinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. (P<0.01). Ayrıca, maksimum ham protein verimi 75:25HVT karışım grubundan elde edilmiştir. Etkin kuru madde sindirilebilirliği (ED2, ED5 ve ED8) açısından, en yüksek kuru madde parçalanabilirliğine 50: 50HVT karışım grubunda (720.82, 706.1 ve 692.64 g/kg) bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Macar fiğ ve tritikale karışık ekim durumunda, saf ekime göre daha fazla sindirilebilir kuru madde verimi ve ham protein veriminin elde edilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Ot verimi, Macar fiği, Yem değeri,, Rumende parçalanabilirlik, Tiritikale

Project Number

(2015/121)

References

• Aksoy, İ & Nursoy H. (2010). Determination of the Varying of Vegetation Harvested Hungarian Vetch and Wheat Mixture on Nutrient Content, Degradation Kinetics, in vitro Digestibility and Relative Feed Value. Journal of Kafkas Üniv. Vet. Faculty, 16, 925-931.
• Altın, M. & Ucan, M. (1996 june). Kumkale kıraç koşullarında değişik fiğ + yulaf karışımlarının farkı azot dozlar˝ndaki hasılat verimleri ile karşım yapıları. Türkiye 3. Çayır-Mer’a ve Yembitkileri Kongresi, Erzurum, p: 334-340.
• Assefa, G & Ledin, I. (2001). Effect of variety, soil type and fertilizer on the establishment, growth, forage yield, quality and voluntary intake by cattle of oats and vetches cultivated in pure stands and mixtures. Anim. Feed Sci. and Tech., 92, 95–111.
• Avellaneda, I H, Pinos-Rodrigez, S. S. & Gonzales, S. S. (2009). Effects of exegenous fibrolytic enzymes on ruminal fermantation and digestion of Guinea grass hay. Anim. Feed Sci. and Techn., 149,70-77.
• AOAC. (2012). Official method of analysis. 15th ed., Association of Official Analytical chemist, Washington, DC. USA.
• Box, LA., Edwards, G.R. & Bryant, R.H. (2018). In sacco digestion kinetics of plantain and ryegrass-white clover harvested in the morning and afternoon New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production, 78, 18-26.
• Budaklı Carpıcı, E & Celık, N. (2014). Forage yıeld and qualıty of common vetch mıxtures wıth trıtıcale and annual ryegrass. Turkish J. Field Crops, 19(1), 66-69.
• Castro, M. P., Sau, F. & Pineiro, J. (2000). Effect of seeding rates of oats (Avena sativaL), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) on the yield, botanic composition and nutritive value of the mixture. CIHEAM-Options Mediterraneennes pp: 207-211.
• Dewhurst, R J, Evans, R.T., Scollan, N.D., Moorby, J.M., Merry, R. J. & Wilkins, R. J. (2003). Comparison of grass and legume silages for milk production. 1. Production responses with different levels of concentrate. Journal of Dairy Sci., 86 (8), 2598-2611.
• Doğrusöz, M.Ç., Mut, H., Başaran, Ü.& Gülümser, E. (2019). Performance of legumes-turnip mixtures with different seed rates. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Food Science and Technology, 7(1), 81-86.
• Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A, Vanhatalo, A., Toivonen, V., Heikkilä, T., Lee, M.R.F. & Shingfield K .J. (2013). Effect of replacing grass silage with red clover silage on ruminal lipid metabolism in lactating cows fed diets containing a 60:40 forage-to-concentrate ratio. J. Dairy Sci., 96, 5882–5900. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-6872 PMID: 23849641
• Hoffman, P. C., Sievert, R.D., Shaver, R.D. ,Welch, D.A. & Combs, D.K. (1993). In situ dry matter, protein and fiber degradation of perennial forages. Journal of dairy sci., 76 (9), 2632-2643.
• Horrocks, R.D. & Vallentine, J.F. (1999). Harvested Forages. Academic Press,London, UK.
• Jaranyama, P. & Garcia, A.D. (2004). Understanding relative feed value (RFV) and relative forage quality (RFQ). College of Agric. and Biological Sci., South Dakota State University, USA.
• Jung, H.G. (2012). Forage digestibility: the intersection of cell wall lignification and plant tissue anatomy. In: Proceedings of 23rd Ruminant Nutrition Symposium in Florida, USA.
• Kaplan, M., Yılmaz, M.F. & Kara, R. (2015). Variation in hay yield and quality of new triticale lines. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi – Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21, 50-60.
• Karabulut, D. & Çaçan, E. (2018). Farklı zamanlarda ekilen bazı tahıl türlerinin ot verimi ve kalitesi bakımından karşılaştırılması. Alınteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 33(2), 125-131. doi: 10.28955/alinterizbd.360031
• Karadag, Y. & Büyukburç, U. (2003). Effect of seed rates on forage production, seed yield and hay quality of annual legume-barley mixtures. Turkish J. Agri. and Foresty, 27, 169-174.
• Kokten, K., Toklu, F., Atis, I. & Hatipoglu, R. (2009). Effects of seeding rate on forage yield and quality of vetch (Vicia sativa L.) triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.) mixtures under East Mediterranean rainfed conditions. African J. Biotech., 8, 5367–5372.
• Lauriault, L.M. & Kirksey, R.E. (2004). Yield and nutritive value of irrigated winter cereal forage grass–legume intercrops in the southern high plain,USA. Agron. J., 96,352–358.
• Lithourgidis, A. S., Vasilakoglou, I. B., Dhima, K.V., Dordas, C.A. & Yiakoulaki, M. D. (2006). Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crops Research, 99, 106–113.
• Metzler Zebeli B.U, Scherr, C., Sallaku, E., Drochner, W.& Zebeli, Q. (2012). Evaluation of associative effects of total mixed ration for dairy cattle using in vitro gas production and different rumen inocula. J. Sci. Food Agr., 92, 2479–2485.
• Moharrery, A., Hvelplund, T. & Weisbjerg, M.R. (2009). Effect of forage type, harvesting time and exogenous enzyme application on degradation characteristics measured using in vitro technique. Anim. Feed Sci. and Techn., 153, 178-192.
• NRC. (2007). Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: Sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids. National Academy Press, 384 p. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11654/nutrient-requirements-of-small-ruminants-sheep-
• Ørskov, E.R. & McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighed according to rate of passage. Journal Agri. Sci. (Camb.), 92(2), 499–503.
• Paulson, J., Jung, H., Raeth-Knight, M. & Linn, J. (2008). Grass vs legume forages for dairy cattle. pp 1-15 in Proc. Minnesota Nutr. Conf., Saint Paul, MA, USA.
• Roberts, C.A, Moore, K.J. & Johnson, K.D. (1989). Forage quality and yieldnof wheat-common vetch at different stages of maturity and common vetch seeding rate. Agronomy Journal, 81, 57–60.
• Sadeghpour, A. E., Jahanzad, A. S., Lithourgidis, M., Hashemi, A., Esmaeili, A. & Hosseini, M. B. (2014). Forage yield and quality of barley-annual medic intercrops in semi-arid environments. Int. J. Plant Produc., 8, 77–89.
• SPSS. (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 for Windows. Armonk,NY
• Tuna, C. & Orak, A. (2007). The role of intercropping on yield potential of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)/ oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivated in pure stand and mixtures. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 2(2),14-19.
• Ximena Valderrama L.I, & René Anrique G. (2011). In sıtu rumen degradatıon kınetıcs of hıgh-proteın forage crops ın temperate clımates. Chılean Journal of Agrıcultural Research, 71(4), 572-577.
• Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. & Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Sci., 74,3583- 3597.
• Yıldırım, S & Özarslan Parlak, A. (2016). Forage yield, qualty of triticale ıntercrops with faba bean, pea and vetch at varying seeding ratio. Journal Agri. Faculty, 4 (1), 77–83.
• Yılmaz, Ş, Özel, A., Atak, M.& Erayman, M. (2015). Effects of seeding rates on competition indices of barley and vetch intercropping systems in the Eastern Mediterranean. Turkish J Agri. and Foresty, 39, 135-143.
• Yucel, C. & Avci, M. (2009). Effect of different ratios of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) -triticale (Triticosecale whit.) mixtures on forage yields and quality in Cukurova plain in Turkey. Bulg. J. Agri. Sci., 15, 323–332.
• Zhang, J., Yin, B., Xie, Y., Li, J., Yang, Z. & Zhang, G. (2015). Legume-Cereal Intercropping Improves Forage Yield, Quality and Degradability. Plos One, 10(12),1-14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144813.