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Effects of Low Temperature and Sowing Date on the Germination and Seedling Characteristics of Forage Peas

Year 2020, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 620 - 627, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.715245

Abstract

In the study reported here, six forage pea cultivars Töre, Taşkent, Özkaynak, Ulubatlı, Ürünlü, and Gölyazı were examined at different temperatures 20 °C (i.e., control), 15 °C, and 10 °C and sowing dates October 1, October 15, and November 1 in Eskişehir condition, to determine their cold tolerance during germination and as early seedling stages. Results included that survival rates varied among cultivars and by sowing date, with the highest rate achieved by Töre (98.2%) and the lowest (87.9%) by Ulubatlı; however, the high survival rates of the Töre, Taşkent, Özkaynak, Ürünlü, and Gölyazı varieties did not differ significantly. Early sowing negatively affected the survival rates of the Ulubatlı and Gölyazı cultivars more than the others. Survival rate correlated negatively with plant height and number of nodes but correlated positively with SPAD value and leaf relative water content. Gölyazı achieved the highest germination rate (92.8%) and Ulubatlı the lowest (81.8%), although the high rates of the Gölyazı, Töre, Taşkent, and Özkaynak cultivars did not significantly differ. Low temperatures adversely affected all observed characteristics, and seedling lengths highly paralleled survival rates obtained in field conditions. Taken together, such findings suggest that purple-flowered cultivars tolerate low temperatures better than white-flowered ones.

References

  • Acikgoz, E., Katkat, V., Omeroglu, S., & Okan, B. (1985). Mineral elements and amino acid concentrations in field pea and common vetch herbages and seeds. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 55, 179-185.
  • Annicchiarico, P., & Iannucci, A. (2007). Winter survival of pea, faba bean and white lupin cultivars across contrasting Italian locations and sowing times, and implications for selection. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 145, 611-622. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859607007289.
  • Avcioglu, R., Hatipoglu, R., & Karadag, Y. (2009). Leguminous Forage Crops Volume II. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Publications of the General Directorate of Agriculture and Publication.
  • Balestrasse, K. B., Tomaro, M. L., Batlle, A., & Noriega, G. O. (2010). The role of 5-aminolevulinic acid in the response to cold stress in soybean plants. Phytochemistry, 71(17–18), 2038-2045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.07.012.
  • Blum, A & Jordan, W. R. (1985) Breeding crop varieties for stress environments. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2 (3), 199-238. DOI: 10.1080/07352688509382196.
  • Bourion, V., Lejeune-Hénaut, I., Munier-Jolain N., & Salon C. (2003). Cold acclimation of winter and spring peas: carbon partitioning as affected by light intensity. European Journal of Agronomy, 19 (4), 535-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(03)00003-0.
  • Çaçan, E., Özbay N., & Kökten K. (2016). Bazı Yem bezelyesi hat ve çeşitlerinin farklı sıcaklıklarda çimlenme ve çıkış performanslarının belirlenmesi. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi TARGİD Özel Sayı, 62-68. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.210964.
  • Davies, P. A., & Pham, T. N. T. (2017). A method to select for reproductive frost tolerance in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 203(4), 332-337. doi:10.1111/jac.12197.
  • Ellis, R. H., & Roberts, E. H. (1980). Towards a rational basis for testing seed quality. In P.D. Hebblethwaite (Ed), Seed Production (pp. 605-635). Butterworths, England.
  • Geren, H., & Alan Ö. (2012). Farklı Ekim Zamanlarının İki Bezelye (Pisum sativum L.) çeşidinde ot verimi ve diğer bazı özellikler üzerine etkileri. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22 (2), 37-47.
  • Hampton, J. M., & Tekrony, D. M. (1995). Handbook of vigour test methods. 3rd Edition, ISTA, Zürich.
  • Hao W., & Arora R. (2009). Freezing tolerance and cold acclimation in Guava (Psidium guajava L.). HORTSCIENCE, 44(5), 1258-1266. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.44.5.1258.
  • Homer, A., Şahin, M., & Küçüközdemir, Ü. (2016). Evaluation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) germplasm for winter hardiness in Central Anatolia, Turkey, using field and controlled environment. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 52 (2), 55-63. doi: 10.17221/186/2015-CJGPB.
  • ISTA. (2018). International rules for seed testing, International Seed Testing Association, Basserdorf, Switzerland.
  • Kadıoğlu, S., & Tan, M. (2018). Erzurum şartlarında farklı tarihlerde kışlık ekilen yem bezelyesi çeşitlerinin verim ve bazı özellikleri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27 (1) , 25-32 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tarbitderg/issue/38009/371113.
  • Karaköy, T., Demirbaş, A., Yörük, V., Toklu, F., Baloch, F., Ton, A., Anlarsa, A., & Özkan, H. (2016). Sivas ekolojik koşullarında soğuğa dayanıklı bezelye (Pisum sativum ssp. sativum L. ve ssp. arvense L.) genotiplerinin belirlenmesi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25 (ÖZEL SAYI-1), 171-176 . DOI: 10.21566/tarbitderg.280351.
  • Kirnak, H., Kaya, C., Taş, I., & Higgs, D. (2001). The influence of water deficit on vegetative growth, physiology, fruit yield and quality in eggplants. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology., 27(3–4), 34-46.
  • Mahajan, S., & Tuteja, N. (2005). Cold, salinity and drought stresses: An overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 444(2), 139-158. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.10.018.
  • McKenzie, D. B., & Sponer, D. (1999). White lupin: an alternative to pea in oat-legume forage mixtures grown in New Foundland. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 79, 43-47.
  • Parr M, Grossman JM, Reberg-Horton SC, Brinton C, Crozier C (2011) Nitrogen delivery from legume cover crops in no-till organic corn production. Agronomy Journal 103 (6): 1578-1590. doi: 10.2134/agronj2011.0007.
  • Pavlović, D., Nikolić, B., Đurović, S., Waisi, H.,, Anđelković, A., & Marisavljević, D. (2014). Chlorophyll as a measure of plant health: Agroecological aspects. Pestic. Phytomed. (Belgrade), 29(1), 2014, 21–34. DOI: 10.2298/PIF1401021P.
  • Raveneau, M. P., Coste, F., Moreau-Valancogne, P., Lejeune-Hénaut, I., & Durr, C. (2011). Pea and bean germination and seedling responses to temperature and water potential. Seed Science Research, 21(03), 205-213. doi:10.1017/s0960258511000067.
  • Saltveit, Jr, M. E., & Morris L. L. (1989). Overview on chilling injury of horticultural crops. In C.Y. Wang (Ed.), Chilling injury of horticultural crops (pp. 1-14). Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press.
  • Sincik, M., Bilgili U., Uzun A., & Acikgoz, E. (2005). Effect of low temperatures on the germination of different field pea genotypes. Seed Science and Technology, 32(2), 331-339. DOI: 10.15258/sst.2004.32.2.06.
  • Shafiq, S., Mather, D. E., Ahmad, M., & Paull, J. G. (2012). Variation in tolerance to radiant frost at reproductive stages in field pea germplasm. Euphytica, 186(3), 831-845. doi:10.1007/s10681-012-0625-0 .
  • Sokal, R. R., & Rohlf, F. J. (1981). Biometry. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, California.
  • Stavang, J. A. (2005). Thermoperiodic stem elongation involves transcriptional regulation of gibberellin deactivation in pea. Plant Physiology, 138(4), 2344-2353. doi:10.1104/pp.105.063149.
  • Tanaka, R., & Nakano H. (2019). Barley yield response to nitrogen application under diferent weather conditions. Scientific Reports, 9, 8477. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44876-y.
  • Wang, C.Y. (1990). Chilling Injury of Horticultural Crops, CRC Press, Boca Raton FL.
  • Wang, H., Huo, Z., Zhou, G., Liao, Q., Feng, H., & Wu, L. (2016). Estimating leaf SPAD values of freeze-damaged winter wheat using continuous wavelet analysis. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 98, 39-45. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.10.032.

Yem Bezelyesinin Çimlenme ve Fide Özellikleri Üzerine Düşük Sıcaklık ve Ekim Tarihlerinin Etkileri

Year 2020, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 620 - 627, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.715245

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 6 yem bezelyesi çeşidinin Eskişehir koşullarında Töre, Taşkent, Özkaynak, Ulubatlı, Ürünlü, ve Gölyazı çimlenme ve erken fide dönemlerinde soğuğa toleransını belirlemek için farklı sıcaklıklar 20 °C (kontrol), 15 °C ve 10 °C ve ekim tarihleri 1 Ekim 15 Ekim ve 1 Kasım incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; sağkalım oranlarının çeşitlere ve ekim zamanlarına göre değiştiği, en yüksek (% 98,2) ve en düşük (% 87,9) sağkalım oranlarının sırasıyla Töre ve Ulubatlı çeşitlerinde görüldüğü; ancak Töre, Taşkent, Özkaynak, Ürünlü ve Gölyazı çeşitlerinin sağkalım oranları arasında önemli bir farklılığın olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Erken ekim Ulubatlı ve Gölyazı çeşitlerinin sağkalım oranlarını diğerlerinden daha fazla olumsuz etkilemiştir. Sağkalım oranı bitki boyu ve boğum sayısı ile negatif, SPAD değeri ve yaprak nispi su içeriği ile pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir. Çimlenme oranı en yüksek çeşit (% 92.8) Gölyazı ve en düşük çeşit (% 81.8) Ulubatlı olmasına rağmen Gölyazı, Töre, Taşkent ve Özkaynak çeşitlerinin çimlenme oranları arasında önemli bir farklılık oluşmamıştır. Düşük sıcaklıklar, gözlemlenen tüm özellikleri olumsuz etkilemiş ve fide uzunluğu değerleri tarla koşullarında elde edilen sağkalım oranlarıyla yüksek oranda paralellik göstermiştir. Birlikte ele alındığında, bu bulgular mor çiçekli çeşitlerin düşük sıcaklıkları beyaz çiçeklilerden daha iyi tolere ettiğini göstermektedir.

References

  • Acikgoz, E., Katkat, V., Omeroglu, S., & Okan, B. (1985). Mineral elements and amino acid concentrations in field pea and common vetch herbages and seeds. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 55, 179-185.
  • Annicchiarico, P., & Iannucci, A. (2007). Winter survival of pea, faba bean and white lupin cultivars across contrasting Italian locations and sowing times, and implications for selection. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 145, 611-622. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859607007289.
  • Avcioglu, R., Hatipoglu, R., & Karadag, Y. (2009). Leguminous Forage Crops Volume II. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Publications of the General Directorate of Agriculture and Publication.
  • Balestrasse, K. B., Tomaro, M. L., Batlle, A., & Noriega, G. O. (2010). The role of 5-aminolevulinic acid in the response to cold stress in soybean plants. Phytochemistry, 71(17–18), 2038-2045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.07.012.
  • Blum, A & Jordan, W. R. (1985) Breeding crop varieties for stress environments. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2 (3), 199-238. DOI: 10.1080/07352688509382196.
  • Bourion, V., Lejeune-Hénaut, I., Munier-Jolain N., & Salon C. (2003). Cold acclimation of winter and spring peas: carbon partitioning as affected by light intensity. European Journal of Agronomy, 19 (4), 535-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(03)00003-0.
  • Çaçan, E., Özbay N., & Kökten K. (2016). Bazı Yem bezelyesi hat ve çeşitlerinin farklı sıcaklıklarda çimlenme ve çıkış performanslarının belirlenmesi. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi TARGİD Özel Sayı, 62-68. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.210964.
  • Davies, P. A., & Pham, T. N. T. (2017). A method to select for reproductive frost tolerance in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 203(4), 332-337. doi:10.1111/jac.12197.
  • Ellis, R. H., & Roberts, E. H. (1980). Towards a rational basis for testing seed quality. In P.D. Hebblethwaite (Ed), Seed Production (pp. 605-635). Butterworths, England.
  • Geren, H., & Alan Ö. (2012). Farklı Ekim Zamanlarının İki Bezelye (Pisum sativum L.) çeşidinde ot verimi ve diğer bazı özellikler üzerine etkileri. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22 (2), 37-47.
  • Hampton, J. M., & Tekrony, D. M. (1995). Handbook of vigour test methods. 3rd Edition, ISTA, Zürich.
  • Hao W., & Arora R. (2009). Freezing tolerance and cold acclimation in Guava (Psidium guajava L.). HORTSCIENCE, 44(5), 1258-1266. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.44.5.1258.
  • Homer, A., Şahin, M., & Küçüközdemir, Ü. (2016). Evaluation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) germplasm for winter hardiness in Central Anatolia, Turkey, using field and controlled environment. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 52 (2), 55-63. doi: 10.17221/186/2015-CJGPB.
  • ISTA. (2018). International rules for seed testing, International Seed Testing Association, Basserdorf, Switzerland.
  • Kadıoğlu, S., & Tan, M. (2018). Erzurum şartlarında farklı tarihlerde kışlık ekilen yem bezelyesi çeşitlerinin verim ve bazı özellikleri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27 (1) , 25-32 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tarbitderg/issue/38009/371113.
  • Karaköy, T., Demirbaş, A., Yörük, V., Toklu, F., Baloch, F., Ton, A., Anlarsa, A., & Özkan, H. (2016). Sivas ekolojik koşullarında soğuğa dayanıklı bezelye (Pisum sativum ssp. sativum L. ve ssp. arvense L.) genotiplerinin belirlenmesi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25 (ÖZEL SAYI-1), 171-176 . DOI: 10.21566/tarbitderg.280351.
  • Kirnak, H., Kaya, C., Taş, I., & Higgs, D. (2001). The influence of water deficit on vegetative growth, physiology, fruit yield and quality in eggplants. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology., 27(3–4), 34-46.
  • Mahajan, S., & Tuteja, N. (2005). Cold, salinity and drought stresses: An overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 444(2), 139-158. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.10.018.
  • McKenzie, D. B., & Sponer, D. (1999). White lupin: an alternative to pea in oat-legume forage mixtures grown in New Foundland. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 79, 43-47.
  • Parr M, Grossman JM, Reberg-Horton SC, Brinton C, Crozier C (2011) Nitrogen delivery from legume cover crops in no-till organic corn production. Agronomy Journal 103 (6): 1578-1590. doi: 10.2134/agronj2011.0007.
  • Pavlović, D., Nikolić, B., Đurović, S., Waisi, H.,, Anđelković, A., & Marisavljević, D. (2014). Chlorophyll as a measure of plant health: Agroecological aspects. Pestic. Phytomed. (Belgrade), 29(1), 2014, 21–34. DOI: 10.2298/PIF1401021P.
  • Raveneau, M. P., Coste, F., Moreau-Valancogne, P., Lejeune-Hénaut, I., & Durr, C. (2011). Pea and bean germination and seedling responses to temperature and water potential. Seed Science Research, 21(03), 205-213. doi:10.1017/s0960258511000067.
  • Saltveit, Jr, M. E., & Morris L. L. (1989). Overview on chilling injury of horticultural crops. In C.Y. Wang (Ed.), Chilling injury of horticultural crops (pp. 1-14). Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press.
  • Sincik, M., Bilgili U., Uzun A., & Acikgoz, E. (2005). Effect of low temperatures on the germination of different field pea genotypes. Seed Science and Technology, 32(2), 331-339. DOI: 10.15258/sst.2004.32.2.06.
  • Shafiq, S., Mather, D. E., Ahmad, M., & Paull, J. G. (2012). Variation in tolerance to radiant frost at reproductive stages in field pea germplasm. Euphytica, 186(3), 831-845. doi:10.1007/s10681-012-0625-0 .
  • Sokal, R. R., & Rohlf, F. J. (1981). Biometry. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, California.
  • Stavang, J. A. (2005). Thermoperiodic stem elongation involves transcriptional regulation of gibberellin deactivation in pea. Plant Physiology, 138(4), 2344-2353. doi:10.1104/pp.105.063149.
  • Tanaka, R., & Nakano H. (2019). Barley yield response to nitrogen application under diferent weather conditions. Scientific Reports, 9, 8477. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44876-y.
  • Wang, C.Y. (1990). Chilling Injury of Horticultural Crops, CRC Press, Boca Raton FL.
  • Wang, H., Huo, Z., Zhou, G., Liao, Q., Feng, H., & Wu, L. (2016). Estimating leaf SPAD values of freeze-damaged winter wheat using continuous wavelet analysis. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 98, 39-45. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.10.032.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agronomy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gülçin Küçüközcü This is me 0000-0002-5630-6397

Süleyman Avcı 0000-0002-4653-5567

Publication Date September 30, 2020
Acceptance Date August 7, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 30 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Küçüközcü, G., & Avcı, S. (2020). Effects of Low Temperature and Sowing Date on the Germination and Seedling Characteristics of Forage Peas. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 30(3), 620-627. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.715245
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