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Yerel Pazı (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) Genotiplerinin Agronomik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 31 Issue: 4, 940 - 950, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.916691

Abstract

Pazı (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) yetiştiriciliği kolay, zengin besin içeriğine sahip, yaprakları sebze olarak değerlendirilen bir türdür. İklim ve toprak isteği yönünden fazla seçici olmaması, hastalık ve zararlılara dirençli genlere sahip olması ve içerdiği önemli besin bileşikleri nedeniyle ıslah programları açısından değerli bir bitkidir. Ülkemizde çok geniş alanlarda yetiştiriciliği yapılmamasına karşın üretimde farklı bölgelere yayılmış yerel populasyonlar yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmada, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden toplanmış 3 yerli ve 1 yabancı orijinli çeşit olmak üzere toplam 53 pazı genotipi agronomik özellikler bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar bitkisel materyali oluşturan gen havuzundaki genotipler arasında yaprağın agronomik özellikleri yanında; bitki başına yaprak sayısı, yaprak ağırlığı, yaprak alanı gibi verim komponentleri yönünden de yüksek düzeyde varyasyonun varlığını ortaya koymaktadır. İncelenen yerel genotipler arasında özellikle üretici ve tüketici tercihlerinin odak noktasında yer alan, yüksek yaprak alanı, kısa yaprak sapı, koyu yeşil yaprak rengi ve verim komponentleri yönünden mevcut ticari çeşitlerden çok daha üstün genotipler belirlenmiştir. Pazı koleksiyonunda agronomik özellikler yönünden yüksek çeşitliliğin görülmesi, bu materyalin ıslahta kullanılarak yeni pazı çeşitlerinin geliştirilebilme potansiyeline katkı sağlamakta ve gen kaynaklarının korunmasının önemine vurgu yapmaktadır. Ayrıca elde edilen sonuçlar, istenilen agronomik özelliklere sahip ve yüksek verimli pazı çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesi için ıslah programlarına önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır.

References

  • Baranski, R., D. Grzebelus & L. Frese. (2001). Estimation of genetic diversity in a collection of the Garden Beet Group. Euphytica, 122, 19-29.
  • Bilen, A.B. & Bozokalfa M.K. (2020). Yerel Börülce (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Populasyonlarının Bakla ve Danelerinin Agronomik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Özel Sayı, 51-60.
  • Bozokalfa, M.K., B, Yağmur, T. Kaygısız Aşçıoğul & D. Eşiyok. (2011). Diversity in nutritional composition of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. L. var. cicla) accessions revealed by multivariate analysis. Plant Genetic Resources Characterization and Utilization, 9, 557-566.
  • Bozokalfa, M.K., D. Eşiyok & Kaygısız Aşçıoğul T. (2016). Diversity pattern among agromorphological traits of the Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) genetic resources of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 40, 684-695.
  • Cheng D., Y. Yoshida, K. Kitazi, S. Negoro, H. Takahashi, D. Xu & Mikami Kubo T. (2011). Mitochondrial genome diversity in Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris (Leaf and Garden Beet Groups) and its implications concerning the dissemination of the crop. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 58, 553-560.
  • Eşiyok D., M.K. Bozokalfa & Kaygısız Aşçıoğul T. (2011). Variability heritability and association analysis in plant traits of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla). Genetika, 43, 239-252.
  • Frese L., B. Desprez & Ziegler D. (2001). Potential of genetic resources and breeding strategies for base-broadening Beta. In: Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production. Wallingford (Eds: H.D. Cooper, C. Spillane and C, Hodgkin), UK, CABI Pub. pp. 295-309.
  • Gaskill, J.O. (1954). Viable hybrids from matings of chard with Beta procumbens and B. webbiana. American Society of Sugar Beet Technologist, 8, 5.
  • Gil M.I. & Tomas-Barberan F.A. (1998). Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the flavonoids and vitamin C content of minimally processed Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla L.). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 46, 2007–2012.
  • Goldman I.L. & Navazio J.P. (2003). History and breeding of table beet in the United States. Plant Breeding Review, 22, 357-388.
  • Gürsul, H. (2015). Yabani pancar (Beta maritima L. var. pilosa Del.) bitkisinin sekonder metaboliklerinin yapı tayini ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Lange, W., W. A. Brandenburg & De Bock T.S.M. (1999). Taxonomy and cultonomy of beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 130, 81–96.
  • Letschert, J.P.W., W. Lange, L. Frese & Van Den Berg R.G. (1994). Taxonomy of Beta section Beta. Journal of Sugar Beet Research, 31, 69-85.
  • Oyen, L.P.A. (2004). Vegetables Beta vulgaris L. In: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables, PROTA Foundation (Eds: Grubben G.J.H. and O.A. Denton), Backhuys Publishers, Lieden, Netherlands CTA, Wageningen, Netherlands, pp 110-113.
  • Pokluda, R. & Kuben J. (2002). Comparison of Selected Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. L cicla) Varieties. Horticultural Science, 29, 114-118.
  • Pyo, Y., T.L. Lee, T. Logendra & Rosen R.T. (2004). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subspecies cycla) extracts. Food Chemistry, 85, 19-26.
  • Rozycki, V.R., C.M. Baigorria Freyre, M.R. Bernard ,C.M., Zannier, M.S. & Charpentier M. (1997). Nutrient in wild vegetable products of the Argentine Chaco. Archivos Latinoamericanos De Nutricion, 47, 265–270.
  • Shen, Y., BV., Ford Lloyd & Newbury H.J. (1998). Genetic relationships within the genus Beta determined using both PCR-based marker and DNA sequencing techniques. Heredity, 80, 624- 632.
  • Sun, Y.C. (1994). Beta germplasm collection and its application status in China, In: International Beta Genetic Resources Network. A Report on the 3rd International Beta Genetic Resources Workshop and World Beta Network Conference (Eds: Frese L. and D.L. Doney). North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA, 4-6 August 1994. International Crop Network Series 11. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, pp 27-29.

Determination of Agronomic Properties of Local Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla.) Genotypes

Year 2021, Volume: 31 Issue: 4, 940 - 950, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.916691

Abstract

Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) is a vegetable that is easy to grow, has rich nutritional values, and its leaves are used. It is a valuable plant for breeding programs due to its low selectivity in terms of climate and soil properties, resistance genes to diseases and pests contains the important nutriencompounds. Although it is not cultivated in very large areas in Turkey, local populations spread over different regions are used intensively for production. In this study, 53 Swiss chard genotypes including three local cultivars and one foreign genotype were examined for agronomic properties. The research revealed a high level of agronomic diversity in terms of evaluated agronomic leaf traits particularly yield components such as the number of leaves per plant, leaf weight, and leaf area among the genotypes. In addition, compared to the commercial cultivars, there are superior genotypes were determined among the population for consumer and farmer preferred traits for large leaf area, short petiole, dark green leaf color, and yield. Identification of the agronomic diversity among the present Swiss chard collection may contribute to knowledge on valuable scientific information in terms of breeding new Swiss chard varieties and the importance of conservation of genetic material. In addition, the obtained results contribute to the use of this collection in breeding programs aiming to develop high-yielding Swiss chard varieties with desired agronomic characteristics.

References

  • Baranski, R., D. Grzebelus & L. Frese. (2001). Estimation of genetic diversity in a collection of the Garden Beet Group. Euphytica, 122, 19-29.
  • Bilen, A.B. & Bozokalfa M.K. (2020). Yerel Börülce (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Populasyonlarının Bakla ve Danelerinin Agronomik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Özel Sayı, 51-60.
  • Bozokalfa, M.K., B, Yağmur, T. Kaygısız Aşçıoğul & D. Eşiyok. (2011). Diversity in nutritional composition of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. L. var. cicla) accessions revealed by multivariate analysis. Plant Genetic Resources Characterization and Utilization, 9, 557-566.
  • Bozokalfa, M.K., D. Eşiyok & Kaygısız Aşçıoğul T. (2016). Diversity pattern among agromorphological traits of the Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) genetic resources of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 40, 684-695.
  • Cheng D., Y. Yoshida, K. Kitazi, S. Negoro, H. Takahashi, D. Xu & Mikami Kubo T. (2011). Mitochondrial genome diversity in Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris (Leaf and Garden Beet Groups) and its implications concerning the dissemination of the crop. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 58, 553-560.
  • Eşiyok D., M.K. Bozokalfa & Kaygısız Aşçıoğul T. (2011). Variability heritability and association analysis in plant traits of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla). Genetika, 43, 239-252.
  • Frese L., B. Desprez & Ziegler D. (2001). Potential of genetic resources and breeding strategies for base-broadening Beta. In: Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production. Wallingford (Eds: H.D. Cooper, C. Spillane and C, Hodgkin), UK, CABI Pub. pp. 295-309.
  • Gaskill, J.O. (1954). Viable hybrids from matings of chard with Beta procumbens and B. webbiana. American Society of Sugar Beet Technologist, 8, 5.
  • Gil M.I. & Tomas-Barberan F.A. (1998). Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the flavonoids and vitamin C content of minimally processed Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla L.). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 46, 2007–2012.
  • Goldman I.L. & Navazio J.P. (2003). History and breeding of table beet in the United States. Plant Breeding Review, 22, 357-388.
  • Gürsul, H. (2015). Yabani pancar (Beta maritima L. var. pilosa Del.) bitkisinin sekonder metaboliklerinin yapı tayini ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Lange, W., W. A. Brandenburg & De Bock T.S.M. (1999). Taxonomy and cultonomy of beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 130, 81–96.
  • Letschert, J.P.W., W. Lange, L. Frese & Van Den Berg R.G. (1994). Taxonomy of Beta section Beta. Journal of Sugar Beet Research, 31, 69-85.
  • Oyen, L.P.A. (2004). Vegetables Beta vulgaris L. In: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables, PROTA Foundation (Eds: Grubben G.J.H. and O.A. Denton), Backhuys Publishers, Lieden, Netherlands CTA, Wageningen, Netherlands, pp 110-113.
  • Pokluda, R. & Kuben J. (2002). Comparison of Selected Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. L cicla) Varieties. Horticultural Science, 29, 114-118.
  • Pyo, Y., T.L. Lee, T. Logendra & Rosen R.T. (2004). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subspecies cycla) extracts. Food Chemistry, 85, 19-26.
  • Rozycki, V.R., C.M. Baigorria Freyre, M.R. Bernard ,C.M., Zannier, M.S. & Charpentier M. (1997). Nutrient in wild vegetable products of the Argentine Chaco. Archivos Latinoamericanos De Nutricion, 47, 265–270.
  • Shen, Y., BV., Ford Lloyd & Newbury H.J. (1998). Genetic relationships within the genus Beta determined using both PCR-based marker and DNA sequencing techniques. Heredity, 80, 624- 632.
  • Sun, Y.C. (1994). Beta germplasm collection and its application status in China, In: International Beta Genetic Resources Network. A Report on the 3rd International Beta Genetic Resources Workshop and World Beta Network Conference (Eds: Frese L. and D.L. Doney). North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA, 4-6 August 1994. International Crop Network Series 11. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, pp 27-29.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Horticultural Production
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emre Demirel This is me 0000-0001-6762-1483

Mehmet Kadri Bozokalfa 0000-0002-5607-2308

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Acceptance Date November 18, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 31 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Demirel, E., & Bozokalfa, M. K. (2021). Yerel Pazı (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) Genotiplerinin Agronomik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(4), 940-950. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.916691
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Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences by Van Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Agriculture is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.