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Assessing Yield and Silage Quality of Intercropped Corn and Soybean in Different Planting Patterns and in Mardin Ecological Condition

Year 2021, Volume: 31 Issue: 4, 799 - 806, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.923261

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effect of silage on fermentation quality. The silage was produced by forage yield of mixed planting of corn and soybeans which was planted as a second crop in Mardin ecological conditions. The field experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Experiment Design with three replications at 7 different planting ratios [corn (C), 70% corn + 30% soybean (70C30S), 60% corn + 40% soybean (60C40S), 50% corn + 50% soybean (50C50S), 40% corn +% 60 soybean (40C60S), 30% corn + 70% soybean (30C70S) and soybean (S)]. The single (pure) and mixed yield obtained from each plot were left to fermentation in glass jars for 90 days in four repetitions. According to the results of the study, the highest fresh biomass obtained was 71 071 and 68 333 kg ha-1 respectively from 60C40S and 70C30S mixtures, and the highest crude protein yield was obtained from 60C40S, 70C30S, 30C70S and 50C50S mixtures planting ratios. As the soybean ratio in the mixture increased, the CP ratio, silage pH and butyric acid (BA) concentration increased. While the lactic acid (LA) concentration of corn silage was the highest value with 2.67% in dry matter (DM), this value has been determined as 1.04% in soybean silage. To conclude, in regions having ecological conditions of Mardin province, it is recommended to mix planting with 30% or 40% ratio of soybean plant with corn plant to increase the protein value of corn silage and improve the fermentation of soybean.

Supporting Institution

Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Başkanlığı

Project Number

2015-FBE-YL279

Thanks

The authors gratefully acknowledge Van Yuzuncu Yil University Scientifc Researches Project Unit (Project No: 2015-FBE-YL279) for financial support.

References

  • AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis (15th Ed.). Maryland, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  • Arıkan, B. A. (2010). Determination of quality characters of silages made of sweet and dent corn mixtures with soybean with or without ear in different mixture rates. (M.Sc), Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
  • Ayaşan, T. (2011). Soya silajı ve hayvan beslemede kullanımı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(3), 193-200.
  • Beets, W. C. (1977). Multiple cropping of maize and soybeans under high level of crop management. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(2), 95-102.
  • Bilgen, H., Yalçın, H., Özkul, H., Çakmaz, B., Polat, M., & Kılıç, A. (2005). Plastik rengi, vakum uygulaması ve bekletme şeklinin paket mısır silajı yemi kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Ege Üniv. Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 42 (2), 77-85.
  • Blaunt, A. R. S., Wright, R. K., Sprenkel, T. D., Hewitt, T. D., & Myer, R. O. (2006). Forage soybeans for grazing, hay and silage. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/AG/AG18400.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 17.02.2021. Univ of Florida IFAS Extension, SS-AGR–180.
  • Budakii, C.E. (2016). Nutritive values of soybean silages ensiled with mazie at the different rates. Legumes Research, 39, 810-813.
  • Demirel, R., Saruhan, V., Baran, M. S., Andiç, N., & Demirel, D. Ş. (2010). Farklı oranlarda ak üçgül (Trifolium repens) ve arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) karışımlarının silolanma özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(1), 26-31.
  • Erdal, S., Pamukçu, M., Çürek, M., Kocatürk, M., & Yılmaz Doğu, Ö. (2016). Silage yield and quality of row intercropped maize and soybean in a crop rotation following winter wheat. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 62(11), 1487-1495.
  • Erdoğdu, İ., Altınok S., & Genç A. (2013). Farklı sıralara ekilen mısır ve soya bitkisinde ekim oranlarının bazı bitkisel özellikler ve yem verimine etkileri. Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 6 (1), 06-10.
  • Geren, H., Avcioglu, R., Soya, H., & Kir, B. (2008). Intercropping of corn with cowpea and bean: Biomass yield and silage quality, African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(22), 4100-4104.
  • Güneş, A., Alpaslan, M., & İnal A. (1998). Deneme Tekniği. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Güre, E. (2016). An investigation on usage possibilities of sweet sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench Var. Saccharatum) and black eyed-pea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.) mixture for silage. (M.Sc). Ege University Institute of Natural and Applied Science, İzmir.
  • Kalaidzhieva, S. (1970). Results of intercropping maize and soybeans. Herbage Abstracts, 40(4), 400.
  • Karakozak, E., & Ayaşan, T. (2010). Değişik Yem Bitkileri ve Karışımlarından Hazırlanan Silajlarda İnokulant Kullanımının Flieg Puanı ve Ham Besin Maddeleri Üzerine Etkileri. Kafkas Univ. Vet Fak Derg, 16(6), 987-994.
  • Kezar, W.W. (2001). Successful use of high quality corn silage for dairies in the western United States. Proceedings, 31st California Alfalfa and forage Symposium; 12–13 Dec 2001, California.
  • Kılıç, A. (1984). Silo Yemi. Bilgehan Basımevi, İzmir.
  • Koç, F., Özdüven, M. L., & Yurtman, İ. Y. (1999). Tuz ve mikrobiyal katkı maddesi ilavesinin mısır–soya karışımı silajlarda kalite ve aerobik dayanıklılık üzerindeki etkileri. Hayvansal Üretim, 39–40, 64–71.
  • Kung, J.L., Shaver, R.D., Grant, R.J., & Schmidt, R.J. (2018). Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 4020-4033.
  • Marinov, M., & Marinova, R. (1967). Maize and soybeans grown in a mixture for silage in the vidin area. Herbage Abstracts, 37(3), 175.
  • Ni, K., Wang, F.F., Zhu, B., Yang, J., Zhou, G., Pan, Y., Tao, Y., & Zhong, J. (2017). Effects of lactic acid bacteria and molasses additives on the microbial community and fermentation quality of soybean silage. Biosource Technology, 238,706-715.
  • Ni, K., Zhao, J., Zhu, B., Su, R., Pan, Y., Ma, M., Zhou, G., Tao, Y., Liu, X., & Zhong, J. (2018). Assessing the fermentation quality and microbial community of the mixed silage of forage soybean with crop corn or sorghum. Biosource Technology, 265, 563-567.
  • NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle (7th Rev. Ed.) Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC
  • Oba, M., & Allen, M.S. (1999). Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage: Effects on dry matter intake and milk yield of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 82, 589–596.
  • Pahlow, G., Muck, R.E., Driehuis, F., Oude Elferink, S.J.W.H., & Spoelstra, S.F. (2003). Microbiology of Ensiling. In D.R. Buxton, R.E. Muck, & J.H. Harrison (Eds.) Silage Science and Technology (pp. 31-93), American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
  • Petrakieva, I. (1975). The relationship between maize and soybean plants in mixed stands in relation the sowing method. Herbage Abstracts, 45(29), 65.
  • Saruhan, V., Demirel, R., Baran, M. S., & Demirel, D. Ş. (2011). Sarı çiçekli gazalboynuzu (Lotus corniculatus) ve arpanın (Hordeum vulgare) farklı düzeylerdeki karışımlarının silolanma özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(1), 40-45.
  • Sayar, M. S., Han, Y., Yolcu, H., & Yücel, H. (2014). Yield and quality traits of some perennial forages as both sole crops and intercropping mixtures under irrigated conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 19(1), 59-65.
  • Schroeder, J. W. (1994). Interpreting Forage Analysis. Extension Dairy Specialist (NDSU), AS-1080, North Dakota State University.
  • Serbester, U., Akkaya, M.R., Yucel, C., & Gorgulu, M. (2015). Comparison of yield, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility of monocrop and intercroped corn-soybean silages cut at two maturity stages. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14, 66-70.
  • Undersander, D., Jarek, K., Anderson, T., Schneider, N., & Milligan, L. (2007). A guide to making soybean silage. Forage and grazinglands, Plant management network. http://128.104.248.62/ces/ag/issues/drought/documents/SoybeanSilage.pdf Erişim tarihi: 25.01.2021.
  • Uygur, A. M. (2016). Silaj kalitesinin fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemlerle belirlenmesi http://arastirma.tarim.gov.tr/etae/Belgeler/EgitimBrosur/127-ciftcibro.pdf Erişim tarihi: 14.07.2016.
  • Tansı, V., 1987. The effects on forage grain yields and quality characteristics of corn and soybean in various planting patterns as second crop in Çukurova (Phd.). Cukurova University Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Adana.
  • Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J.B., & Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysac-charides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583–3597.
  • Vargas-Bello-Perez, E., Mustafa, A.F., & Seguin, P. (2008). Effects of feeding forage soybean silage on milk production, nutrient digestion, and ruminal fermentation of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 91, 229–235.
  • Vasco-Correa, J., & Li, Y. (2015). Solid-state anaerobic digestion of fungal pretreated Miscanthus sinensis harvested in two different seasons. BioSource Technology, 185, 211-217.
  • Wolfrum E.J., Lorenz, A.J., & Leon, N. (2009). Correlating detergent fiber analysis and dietary fiber analysis data for corn stover collected by NIRS. Cellulose, 16, 577–585.

Mardin Ekolojik Koşullarında Farklı Karışım Oranlarıyla Ekilen Mısır ve Soya Bitkisinin Yem Verimi ve Silaj Kalite Endeksleri

Year 2021, Volume: 31 Issue: 4, 799 - 806, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.923261

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Mardin ekolojik koşullarında ikinci ürün olarak ekimi yapılan mısır ve soya karışık ekimlerin kaba yem verimi ile oluşturulan silajların fermantasyon kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tarla denemesi 7 farklı ekim oranında [mısır (M), % 70 mısır + % 30 soya (70M30S), % 60 mısır + % 40 soya (60M40S), % 50 mısır + % 50 soya (50M50S), % 40 mısır + % 60 soya (40M60S), % 30 mısır + % 70 soya (30M70S) ve soya (S)] 3 tekrarlamalı olarak tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Her bir parselden elde edilen yalın ve karışım hasıllar 4 tekrarlamalı olarak cam kavanozlarda 90 gün boyunca fermantasyona bırakılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek yeşil ot verimi 60M40S ve 70M30S karışık ekim oranlarından sırasıyla 71 071 ve 68 333 kg/ha olarak, en yüksek ham protein verimi ise 60M40S, 70M30S, 30M70S ve 50M50S karışık ekim oranlarından elde edilmiştir. Karışımdaki soya fasulyesi oranı arttıkça silajın HP oranı, silaj pH’sı ve silaj bütirik asit konsantrasyonu artmıştır. Mısır silajının laktik asit konsantrasyonu KM’de % 2.67 ile en yüksek iken bu değer soya silajında % 1.04 olarak en düşük düzeyde belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Mardin İli ekolojik koşullarına sahip alanlarda mısır silajının protein değerini artırmak ve soyanın fermantasyonunu iyileştirmek için mısıra ek olarak % 30 veya % 40 oranında soya ile karışık ekimin yapılması önerilebilir.

Project Number

2015-FBE-YL279

References

  • AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis (15th Ed.). Maryland, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  • Arıkan, B. A. (2010). Determination of quality characters of silages made of sweet and dent corn mixtures with soybean with or without ear in different mixture rates. (M.Sc), Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
  • Ayaşan, T. (2011). Soya silajı ve hayvan beslemede kullanımı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(3), 193-200.
  • Beets, W. C. (1977). Multiple cropping of maize and soybeans under high level of crop management. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(2), 95-102.
  • Bilgen, H., Yalçın, H., Özkul, H., Çakmaz, B., Polat, M., & Kılıç, A. (2005). Plastik rengi, vakum uygulaması ve bekletme şeklinin paket mısır silajı yemi kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Ege Üniv. Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 42 (2), 77-85.
  • Blaunt, A. R. S., Wright, R. K., Sprenkel, T. D., Hewitt, T. D., & Myer, R. O. (2006). Forage soybeans for grazing, hay and silage. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/AG/AG18400.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 17.02.2021. Univ of Florida IFAS Extension, SS-AGR–180.
  • Budakii, C.E. (2016). Nutritive values of soybean silages ensiled with mazie at the different rates. Legumes Research, 39, 810-813.
  • Demirel, R., Saruhan, V., Baran, M. S., Andiç, N., & Demirel, D. Ş. (2010). Farklı oranlarda ak üçgül (Trifolium repens) ve arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) karışımlarının silolanma özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(1), 26-31.
  • Erdal, S., Pamukçu, M., Çürek, M., Kocatürk, M., & Yılmaz Doğu, Ö. (2016). Silage yield and quality of row intercropped maize and soybean in a crop rotation following winter wheat. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 62(11), 1487-1495.
  • Erdoğdu, İ., Altınok S., & Genç A. (2013). Farklı sıralara ekilen mısır ve soya bitkisinde ekim oranlarının bazı bitkisel özellikler ve yem verimine etkileri. Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 6 (1), 06-10.
  • Geren, H., Avcioglu, R., Soya, H., & Kir, B. (2008). Intercropping of corn with cowpea and bean: Biomass yield and silage quality, African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(22), 4100-4104.
  • Güneş, A., Alpaslan, M., & İnal A. (1998). Deneme Tekniği. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Güre, E. (2016). An investigation on usage possibilities of sweet sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench Var. Saccharatum) and black eyed-pea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.) mixture for silage. (M.Sc). Ege University Institute of Natural and Applied Science, İzmir.
  • Kalaidzhieva, S. (1970). Results of intercropping maize and soybeans. Herbage Abstracts, 40(4), 400.
  • Karakozak, E., & Ayaşan, T. (2010). Değişik Yem Bitkileri ve Karışımlarından Hazırlanan Silajlarda İnokulant Kullanımının Flieg Puanı ve Ham Besin Maddeleri Üzerine Etkileri. Kafkas Univ. Vet Fak Derg, 16(6), 987-994.
  • Kezar, W.W. (2001). Successful use of high quality corn silage for dairies in the western United States. Proceedings, 31st California Alfalfa and forage Symposium; 12–13 Dec 2001, California.
  • Kılıç, A. (1984). Silo Yemi. Bilgehan Basımevi, İzmir.
  • Koç, F., Özdüven, M. L., & Yurtman, İ. Y. (1999). Tuz ve mikrobiyal katkı maddesi ilavesinin mısır–soya karışımı silajlarda kalite ve aerobik dayanıklılık üzerindeki etkileri. Hayvansal Üretim, 39–40, 64–71.
  • Kung, J.L., Shaver, R.D., Grant, R.J., & Schmidt, R.J. (2018). Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 4020-4033.
  • Marinov, M., & Marinova, R. (1967). Maize and soybeans grown in a mixture for silage in the vidin area. Herbage Abstracts, 37(3), 175.
  • Ni, K., Wang, F.F., Zhu, B., Yang, J., Zhou, G., Pan, Y., Tao, Y., & Zhong, J. (2017). Effects of lactic acid bacteria and molasses additives on the microbial community and fermentation quality of soybean silage. Biosource Technology, 238,706-715.
  • Ni, K., Zhao, J., Zhu, B., Su, R., Pan, Y., Ma, M., Zhou, G., Tao, Y., Liu, X., & Zhong, J. (2018). Assessing the fermentation quality and microbial community of the mixed silage of forage soybean with crop corn or sorghum. Biosource Technology, 265, 563-567.
  • NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle (7th Rev. Ed.) Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC
  • Oba, M., & Allen, M.S. (1999). Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage: Effects on dry matter intake and milk yield of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 82, 589–596.
  • Pahlow, G., Muck, R.E., Driehuis, F., Oude Elferink, S.J.W.H., & Spoelstra, S.F. (2003). Microbiology of Ensiling. In D.R. Buxton, R.E. Muck, & J.H. Harrison (Eds.) Silage Science and Technology (pp. 31-93), American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
  • Petrakieva, I. (1975). The relationship between maize and soybean plants in mixed stands in relation the sowing method. Herbage Abstracts, 45(29), 65.
  • Saruhan, V., Demirel, R., Baran, M. S., & Demirel, D. Ş. (2011). Sarı çiçekli gazalboynuzu (Lotus corniculatus) ve arpanın (Hordeum vulgare) farklı düzeylerdeki karışımlarının silolanma özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(1), 40-45.
  • Sayar, M. S., Han, Y., Yolcu, H., & Yücel, H. (2014). Yield and quality traits of some perennial forages as both sole crops and intercropping mixtures under irrigated conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 19(1), 59-65.
  • Schroeder, J. W. (1994). Interpreting Forage Analysis. Extension Dairy Specialist (NDSU), AS-1080, North Dakota State University.
  • Serbester, U., Akkaya, M.R., Yucel, C., & Gorgulu, M. (2015). Comparison of yield, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility of monocrop and intercroped corn-soybean silages cut at two maturity stages. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14, 66-70.
  • Undersander, D., Jarek, K., Anderson, T., Schneider, N., & Milligan, L. (2007). A guide to making soybean silage. Forage and grazinglands, Plant management network. http://128.104.248.62/ces/ag/issues/drought/documents/SoybeanSilage.pdf Erişim tarihi: 25.01.2021.
  • Uygur, A. M. (2016). Silaj kalitesinin fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemlerle belirlenmesi http://arastirma.tarim.gov.tr/etae/Belgeler/EgitimBrosur/127-ciftcibro.pdf Erişim tarihi: 14.07.2016.
  • Tansı, V., 1987. The effects on forage grain yields and quality characteristics of corn and soybean in various planting patterns as second crop in Çukurova (Phd.). Cukurova University Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Adana.
  • Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J.B., & Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysac-charides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583–3597.
  • Vargas-Bello-Perez, E., Mustafa, A.F., & Seguin, P. (2008). Effects of feeding forage soybean silage on milk production, nutrient digestion, and ruminal fermentation of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 91, 229–235.
  • Vasco-Correa, J., & Li, Y. (2015). Solid-state anaerobic digestion of fungal pretreated Miscanthus sinensis harvested in two different seasons. BioSource Technology, 185, 211-217.
  • Wolfrum E.J., Lorenz, A.J., & Leon, N. (2009). Correlating detergent fiber analysis and dietary fiber analysis data for corn stover collected by NIRS. Cellulose, 16, 577–585.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erdal Homan This is me 0000-0001-5763-4643

Şeyda Zorer Çelebi 0000-0003-1278-1994

Sibel Erdoğan 0000-0003-2640-3871

Project Number 2015-FBE-YL279
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Acceptance Date August 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 31 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Homan, E., Zorer Çelebi, Ş., & Erdoğan, S. (2021). Assessing Yield and Silage Quality of Intercropped Corn and Soybean in Different Planting Patterns and in Mardin Ecological Condition. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(4), 799-806. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.923261
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Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences by Van Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Agriculture is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.