Brassinosteroid Uygulamalarının ‘Chandler’ Ceviz Çeşidinin Çiçek Cinsiyet Dağılımına Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 32 Issue: 3, 548 - 554, 30.09.2022

Hakan Engin , Zeliha Gökbayrak

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1053275

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Öz: Araştırmada brassinosteroid (BR) grubu bileşiklerinden 24-epibrassinolid (EBr) ve 22(S), 23(S)-homobrassinolid (HBr)’in çiçek çinsiyet dağılımına etkileri çalışılmıştır. Çalışma Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü’nde 2016-2018 yılları arasında ‘Chandler’ ceviz (Juglans regia L.) çeşidi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çöğür anaç üzerine ‘Chandler’ ceviz çeşidi aşılanarak toprak: torf: perlit (2:1:1) yetiştirme ortamı ile doldurulmuş 70 litrelik saksılarda yetiştirilmiştir. HBr ve EBr 1 mg L-1 konsantrasyonunda birbirini takip eden iki yıl boyunca kış dinlenme ve tomurcukların uyandığı dönemde iki kez el pülverizatörü kullanarak uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, BR uygulamalarının cevizlerdeki çiçek cinsiyet dağılımını değiştirebileceğini göstermektedir. EBr ve HBr uygulamaları fidan başına dişi, kedicik (erkek) ve toplam çiçek sayısını önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. En fazla dişi çiçek (5.2) HBr uygulanan fidanlarda saptanmıştır. Fidanların yıllık gelişmesi ile dişi çiçek, kedicik ve toplam çiçek sayılarındaki artışın istaistiksel olarak pozitif ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kedicik ve dişi çiçekler arasındaki oransal ilişkinin BR uygulamaları ve fidanların gelişiminden bağımsız olduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

Chandler, çiçek, Juglans regia, püskül, brassinosteroid, Chandler, çiçek, Juglans regia, püskül, brassinosteroid

Effect of Brassinosteroid Applications on Flower Sex Distribution of 'Chandler' Walnut Cultivar

Abstract

In this study, the effects of brassinosteroid (BR) group compounds, 24-epibrassinolide (EBr) and 22(S), 23(S)-homobrassinolide (HBr), on flower sex distribution were studied. The study was carried out on the 'Chandler' walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivar between 2016-2018 at the Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. 'Chandler' grafted on a seedling rootstock were planted into 70-liter pots containing soil: peat: perlite (2:1:1) medium. HBr and EBr were applied twice at a concentration of 1 mg L-1 for two consecutive years in the dormant season and at bud burst, using a hand sprayer. The results show that BR applications could alter the flower sex distribution in walnuts. EBr and HBr applications significantly increased the number of females, catkin (male), and total flowers per plant. The highest number of female flowers (5.2) was observed in the plant treated with HBr. It was determined that the annual growth of the plant and the increase in the numbers of the female flower, catkin, and total flowers were statistically positively related. It is seen that the proportional relationship between male and female flowers is independent of BR applications and the growth of the plant.

Keywords

Chandler, flower, Juglans regia, catkin, brassinosteroid, Chandler, flower, Juglans regia, catkin, brassinosteroid

References

• Abubakar, A.R., Ashraf, N., & Ashraf, M. (2012) Effect of plant biostimulants on flowering, fruit drop, yield, and return bloom of pomegranate cv. Kandhari Kabuli. Asian Journal of Horticulture 7(2), 473-477.
• Akça, Y., Özgen, M., Ertürk, U., & Ercişli, S. (2012). The effects of AVG and GA treatments on pistillate (female) flower abortion in ‘Sebin’ walnut cultivar. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 11, 179-185.
• Buide, M.L., del Valle, J.C., Castilla, A.R., & Narbona, E. (2018). Sex expression variation in response to shade in gynodioecious-gynomonoecious species: Silene littorea decreases flower production and increases female flower proportion. Environmental and Experimental Botany 146, 54-61.
• Engin, H. (2020). Bazı Nar (Punica granatum L.) Çeşitlerinde Çiçek Yapısı ve Cinsiyet Durumları. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 8(1), 1-9.
• Engin, H., & Gökbayrak, Z. (2015). Effect of epibrassinolide, gibberellic acid and naphthalene acetic acid on pollen germination of some pomegranate cultivars. COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty 3(2),19-25.
• Engin, H., & Gökbayrak, Z. (2019). Effects of plant growth regulators on sex expression and flower development in pomegranates. Erwerbs-Obstbau 61, 23-27.
• Forde, H.I., & McGranahan, G.H. (1996). Walnuts. In: Janick J, Moore JN (Eds). Fruit Breeding, Vol III: Nuts. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, USA pp 241-273.
• Ghani, M.A., Amjad, M., Iqbal, Q., Nawaz, A., Ahmad, T., Hafeez, O.B.A., & Abbas, M. (2013). Efficacy of plant growth regulators on sex expression, earliness and yield components in bitter gourd. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences 11(3), 218-224.
• Golzari, M., Hassani, D., Rahemi, M., & Vahdati, K. (2016). Xenia and Metaxeniain Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.). Journal of Nuts 7, 101-108.
• Gökbayrak, Z., & Engin, H. (2016). Effects of brassinosteroids and gibberellic acids applied in vitro conditions on pollen viability and germination of some grape cultivars. 7th International Scientific Agriculture Symposium,” Agrosym 2016”, 6-9 October 2016, Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Proceedings, University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, pp. 562-567.
• Grove, M.D, Spencer, G.F., Rohwedder, W.K., Mandava, N., Worley, J.F., Warthen, JR. J.D, Steffens, G.L., Flippen-Anderson, J.L., & Cook Jr., J.C. (1979). Brassinolide, A plant growth promoting steroid isolated from brassicanapus pollen. Nature 281, 216-217.
• Hassankhah, A., Rahemi, M., Mozafari, M. R., & Vahdati, K. (2018). Flower Development in Walnut: Altering the Flowering Pattern by Gibberellic Acid Application. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46(2), 700-706.
• Khripach, V.A., & Zhabinskii, V.N., Groot, A.E. (2000). “Brassinostreoid-a new class of plant hormones”. San Diego: Academic Press.
• Khryanin, V. (2002). Role of phytohormones in sex differentiation in plants. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 49, 545-551.
• Krueger, W.H. (2000). Pollination of English walnuts: practices and problems. HortTechnology 10, 127-130.
• Li, Z, Wang, S., Tao, Q., Pan, J., Si, L., Gong, Z., & Cai, R. (2012). A putative positive feedback regulation mechanism in CsACS2 expression suggests a modified model for sex determination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Journal of Experimental Botany 63, 4475-4484.
• Makwana, V., & Robin, P. (2013). Interaction between GA and ethrel in inducing female flowers in Jatropha curcas. International Journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Research 4, 465-472.
• Manzano, S., Martinez, C., Megias, Z., Gomez, P., & Garrido, D. (2011) The role of ethylene and brassinosteroids in the control of sex expression and flower development in Cucurbita pepo. Plant Growth and Regulation 65, 213-221.
• Papadopoulou, E., Little, H.A., Hammar, S.A., & Grumet, R. (2005) Effect of modified endogenous ethylene production on sex expression bisexual flower development and fruit production in melon (Cucumis melo L.). Sexual Plant Reproduction 18, 131-142.
• Qiguang, Y., Lizhong, R., & Guohua, D. (1985). Effects of ethephon, GA and nutrient elements on sex expression of Chinese chestnut. Scientia Horticulturae 26, 209-215.
• Rao, R.S.S., Vardhini, V.B., Sujatha, E., & Anuradha, S. (2003). Brassinosteroids- a new class of phytohormones. Current Science,82, 1239-1244. Serr, E.F., & Forde, H.I. (1968). Ten new walnut varieties released. California Agriculture 22(4), 8-10.
• Sladky, Z. (1972). The role of endogenous growth regulators in the differentiation processes of walnut (Juglans regia L.). Biologia Plantarum 14, 273-278.
• Ueguchi-Tanaka, M., & Matsuoka, M. (2010). The perception of gibberellins: clues from receptor structure. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 13, 503-508.
• Young, T.E., Giesler‐Lee, J., & Gallie, D.R. (2004). Senescence‐induced expression of cytokinin reverses pistil abortion during maize flower development. The Plant Journal 38, 910-922.