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Fungal Contamination and Toxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus on Postharvest Cacao Beans in Northern Sumatera, Indonesia

Year 2022, Volume: 32 Issue: 3, 448 - 454, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1071092

Abstract

The study was carried out to enumerate fungal contamination, and toxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus strains on cacao beans during drying and storage. As many as 3500 g cacao beans during drying and storage were purchased from smallholder farmers on the plantation areas at Karo Regency, Northern Sumatera. The percentage of the beans contaminated by fungi was conducted using direct plating. Fungal populations on soil and beans were determined using dilution followed by pour plated in dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18) and Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus agar (AFPA). The mycological evaluation was carried out based on morphological characteristics. Results showed eighteen genera of soil fungi were isolated at the cacao plantation; genera of Aspergillus sp., A. niger, A. flavus, and Penicillium citrinum were the most important contaminants. Six species of the fungi were associated with contamination on cocoa beans during drying i.e. Aspergillus sp., Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces sp., A. niger, Penicillium spp., and Fusarium spp. Whereas three fungal species were associated during storage i.e. A. niger, A. flavus, and P. citrinum. The percentage of cacao contaminated during drying and storage was dominated (>40%) by Aspergillus sp. Fusarium sp. A. niger, A. flavus, and P. citrinum, respectively. Among 21 strains of A. flavus, 3 strains (15%) were isolated from soil, and 18 strains (85%) were isolated from beans during storage. Among toxigenic A. flavus, both strain scaf6 isolated from soil and strain cbaf5 isolated from beans during storage were the highest aflatoxin producers (30.0 ppb). Preventing soil contamination during harvesting, drying, and storage of cacao beans was a prerequisite to minimise fungal contamination.

Supporting Institution

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Project Number

DRPM Research grant no. 12/E1/KP.PTNBH/2021.

Thanks

Universitas Sumatera Utara and SEAMEO BIOTROP-Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

References

  • Reference1 Araújo, A. D., Ferreira, N.R., Silva, M. D., Oliveira, G., Monteiro, R. C., Alves, Y. F. M., & Lopes, A. S. (2019). Filamentous fungi diversity in the natural fermentation of Amazonian cocoa beans and the microbial enzyme activities. Annals of Microbiology, 69, 975-987.
  • Reference2 Bensch, K., Groenewald, J. Z., Dijksterhuis, J. Starink-Willemse, M., B. Andersen, Summerell B. A., Shin, H. D., Dugan, F. M., Schroers, H. J., Braun, U., & Crous, P. W. (2010). Species and ecological diversity within the Cladosporium cladosporioides complex (Davidiellaceae, Capnodiales). Studies in Mycology, 67, 1-94.
Year 2022, Volume: 32 Issue: 3, 448 - 454, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1071092

Abstract

Project Number

DRPM Research grant no. 12/E1/KP.PTNBH/2021.

References

  • Reference1 Araújo, A. D., Ferreira, N.R., Silva, M. D., Oliveira, G., Monteiro, R. C., Alves, Y. F. M., & Lopes, A. S. (2019). Filamentous fungi diversity in the natural fermentation of Amazonian cocoa beans and the microbial enzyme activities. Annals of Microbiology, 69, 975-987.
  • Reference2 Bensch, K., Groenewald, J. Z., Dijksterhuis, J. Starink-Willemse, M., B. Andersen, Summerell B. A., Shin, H. D., Dugan, F. M., Schroers, H. J., Braun, U., & Crous, P. W. (2010). Species and ecological diversity within the Cladosporium cladosporioides complex (Davidiellaceae, Capnodiales). Studies in Mycology, 67, 1-94.
There are 2 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agronomy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kiki Nurtjahja 0000-0003-4250-8403

Liana Hastuti 0000-0002-1150-8999

Novia Purnamasarı This is me 0000-0002-6331-1848

Greaceuli Novelina Sılıtonga This is me 0000-0002-7549-0839

Project Number DRPM Research grant no. 12/E1/KP.PTNBH/2021.
Publication Date September 30, 2022
Acceptance Date August 16, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 32 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Nurtjahja, K., Hastuti, L., Purnamasarı, N., Sılıtonga, G. N. (2022). Fungal Contamination and Toxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus on Postharvest Cacao Beans in Northern Sumatera, Indonesia. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(3), 448-454. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1071092
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