Comparison of Changing Cultivation Pattern on Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Forage of Two Types of Crop Legumes in The Tropical Climate of Southern Kerman Province

Year 2022, Volume: 32 Issue: 3, 641 - 653, 30.09.2022

Mohammad Hatami , Hossein Heidari Sharif Abad , Hamid Madani , Enayatollah Tohidi –nejad , Gholamreza Afshar Manesh

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1101146

Abstract

Reduction of the quantity and quality of forage is one of the main restrictions on the productivity of livestock systems. Tropical legumes are the most important crops to improve livestock feeds and, thus, for providing livestock products for human consumption in arid regions. In order to investigate the shift of cultivation date of two legumes from summer to spring in arid weather conditions, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replication was conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute of south Kerman, Iran, during two cropping seasons. Treatment was planting in three and two tropical legumes (Tapary bean and cowpea). The results showed that changing planting dates led to a significant effect on seed yield and forage quality of two legumes in the region. All agronomic traits for cowpea increased compared to Tepary bean due to differences in their genetic backgrounds. The two legumes were not different in terms of nitrogen, crude protein, and ash. On all three planting dates, the hemicellulose-free cell wall of cowpea was higher than Tepary. In contrast, neutral detergent fiber for Tepary was observed more than cowpea. The highest dry matter index was recorded for cowpea. Whereas the highest dry matter digestibility, the net energy of lactation, and metabolizable energy were related for Tepary. According to the different physiological and phenological responses of the two legumes, it is necessary to examine the selection of suitable planting dates for improving the quantitative and qualitative yield of forage.

Keywords

Cowpea, Crude Protein, Harvest Index, Tepary Bean, Relative Feed Value

References

• Abdullah, A. Y., Muwalla, M. M., Qudsieh, R. I., & Titi, H. H. (2010). Effect of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) seeds as a replacement protein source of soybean meal on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing Awassi lambs. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 42(2), 293-300.
• Afshar Manesh, G.R. (1998). Effect of sowing dates on Cow pea varieties in Jiroft. Proc. 5th Iran Cong. Crop. Sci. 1-4 Aug. Karaj.
• Ahmadi, F., MORADI, T. M., & Siadat, S. A. (2016). Effect of manuare application and intercropping ratios on forage yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.).
• Ali, M. A., Nawab, N. N., Abbas, A., Zulkiffal, M., & Sajjad, M. (2009). Evaluation of selection criteria in Cicer arietinum L. using correlation coefficients and path analysis. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 3(2), 65.
• Asp, N. G., Schweizer, T. F., Southgate, D. A. T., & Theander, O. (1992). Dietary fibre analysis. In Dietary Fibre—A Component of Food (pp. 57-101). Springer, London.
• Baath, G. S., Baath, H. K., Gowda, P. H., Thomas, J. P., Northup, B. K., Rao, S. C., & Singh, H. (2020). Predicting forage quality of warm-season legumes by near infrared spectroscopy coupled with machine learning techniques. Sensors, 20(3), 867.
• Bahrami, S. (2006). Study the effects of planting time on seed yield and yield components of desi type chickpea cultivars in Kurdistan dry land conditions. M.Sc. Thesis (Agronomy), College of Agriculture & Natural Science, University of Tehran, Karaj-Iran.
• Bahreininejad, B. (2019). Effects of water stress on growth parameters and forage quality of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.). Iran Agricultural Research, 38(2), 101-110.
• Canavar, O., & Kaynak, M. A. (2008). Effect of different planting dates on yield and yield components of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 32(6), 521-528.
• Eskandari, H. (2017). Mixing of cereals and legumes is a good way to increase forage quantity andquality. Journal of Research Findings in Crops, 6: 79-94.
• Ezeaku, I. E., Mbah, B. N., & Baiyeri, K. P. (2015). Planting date and cultivar effects on growth and yield performance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). African Journal of Plant Science, 9(11), 439-448.
• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). ( 2010). An international consultation on integrated crop-livestock systems for development. The way forward for sustainable production intensification. Integrated Crop Management Vol. 13-2010. FAO, Rome, Italy.
• Holchek, J. I., C. H. Herba & R. D Pieper. (2004). Range Management Principles and Practices. (4th Ed.) Prentice Hall Publication, USA
• Hollmann, J., Themeier, H., Neese, U., & Lindhauer, M. G. (2013). Dietary fibre fractions in cereal foods measured by a new integrated AOAC method. Food chemistry, 140(3), 586-589.
• Jafari, A. (2002). Possibility of using near-infrared spectrometer for estimating digestibility of grass. In Proceeding of the Seminar of Animal and Poultry Diets. Institute of Animal Husbandry. Karaj. Iran (pp. 55-63).
• Jahanzad, E., Jorat, M., Moghadam, H., Sadeghpour, A., Chaichi, M. R., & Dashtaki, M. (2013). Response of a new and a commonly grown forage sorghum cultivar to limited irrigation and planting density. Agricultural water management, 117, 62-69.
• Kamalzadeh, A., Rajabbaigy, M., & Kiasat, A. (2008). Livestock production systems and trends in livestock industry in Iran. J Agri Soc Sci, 4, 183-88.
• Kiyanbakht, M., Zeinali, E., Siahmarguee, A., Sheikh, F., & Pouri, G. M. (2015). Effect of sowing date on grain yield and yield components and green pod yield of three faba bean cultivars in Gorgan climatic conditions.
• Lee, M. A., Davis, A. P., Chagunda, M. G., & Manning, P. (2017). Forage quality declines with rising temperatures, with implications for livestock production and methane emissions. Biogeosciences, 14(6), 1403-1417.
• Lista, F. N., Deminicis, B. B., Almeida, J. C. D. C., Araujo, S. A. D. C., & Zanella, P. G. (2019). Forage production and quality of tropical forage legumes submitted to shading. Ciência Rural, 49.
• Lithourgidis, A. S., Vasilakoglou, I. B., Dhima, K. V., Dordas, C. A., & Yiakoulaki, M. D. (2006). Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crops Research, 99(2-3), 106-113.
• Madani, H., Salari, M., & Shirzadi, M. H. (2010). The planting pattern effects on yield and yield components of tropical beans genotypes at Jiroft in Iran. New Finding in Agriculture, 4(4 (Summer 2010)), 356-369.
• Molosiwa, O. O., & Kgokong, S. B. (2018). Effect of planting date on tepary bean yield and yield components sown in Southern Botswana. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 13(4), 137-143.
• Mottet, A., de Haan, C., Falcucci, A., Tempio, G., Opio, C., & Gerber, P. (2017). Livestock: On our plates or eating at our table? A new analysis of the feed/food debate. Global Food Security, 14, 1-8.
• Mussavi, S. H., Fathi, G.A., & Dadgar, A.( 2005). Effect of sowing dates and plant density on Growth, grain yield and yield components of Common Bean. Proceed. the 1st Sym. Pulse. 19-20 Nov. Mashhad.
• No'am G, S., & Sinclair, T. R. (1995). Global environment change and simulated forage quality of wheat II. Water and nitrogen stress. Field Crops Research, 40(1), 29-37.
• Paul, B. K., Koge, J., Maass, B. L., Notenbaert, A., Peters, M., Groot, J. C., & Tittonell, P. (2020). Tropical forage technologies can deliver multiple benefits in Sub-Saharan Africa. A meta-analysis. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 40(4), 1-17.
• Porch, T. G., Beaver, J. S., & Brick, M. A. (2013). Registration of tepary germplasm with multiple‐stress tolerance, TARS‐Tep 22 and TARS‐Tep 32. Journal of Plant Registrations, 7(3), 358-364.
• Rad, S. V., Valadabadi, S. A. R., Pouryousef, M., Saifzadeh, S., Zakrin, H. R., & Mastinu, A. (2020). Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of Sorghum bicolor L. under intercropping with legumes and different weed control methods. Horticulturae, 6(4), 78.
• Robinson, T. P., & Pozzi, F. (2011). Mapping supply and demand for animal-source foods to 2030. Animal production and health working paper, 2, 1-154.
• Ronga, D., Dal Prà, A., Immovilli, A., Ruozzi, F., Davolio, R., & Pacchioli, M. T. (2020). Effects of harvest time on the yield and quality of winter wheat hay produced in Northern Italy. Agronomy, 10(6), 917.
• Sadeghipour, O., & Aghaei, P. (2012). Comparison of autumn and spring sowing on performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties. International Journal of Biosciences, 2(6), 49-58.
• Santalla, M., Escribano, M. R., & Deron, A. M. (1993). Correlation between agronomic and immature pod characters in populations of French bean. In Plant Breeding Abstract (Vol. 63, No. 4, p. 495).
• Schultze-Kraft, R., Rao, I. M., Peters, M., Clements, R. J., Bai, C., & Liu, G. (2018). Tropical forage legumes for environmental benefits: An overview. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales, 6(1), 1-14.
• Sood, B., Rohitashav, R., & Sharma, V. K. (1994). Effects of N on growth and fodder yield of barley variety under rainfed conditions. In Field Crop Abstracts (Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 37-46).
• Thomas, R. J. (1995). Role of legumes in providing N for sustainable tropical pasture systems. Plant and soil, 174(1), 103-118.
• Undersander, D., Mertens, D.,& Thiex, N. (1993). Forage Analyses. Information Systems Division, National Agricultural Library (United States of America) NAL/ USDA, 10301 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville, Md. 2070. http://www.nal.usda.gov
• Valentine, J., & Horrocks, R. (1999). Harvested forage, Academic Press, 426pp.
• Yolcu, H., Dasci, M., & Tan, M. (2009). Evaluation of annual legumes and barley as sole crops and intercrop in spring frost conditions for animal feeding. I. Yield and quality. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8(7), 1337-1342.
• Zabel, F., Putzenlechner, B., & Mauser, W. (2014). Global agricultural land resources – A high resolution suitability evaluation and its perspectives until 2100 under climate change conditions. PLoS ONE 9(9).