Characterization of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) Mutant Lines using Phenotypic Markers

Year 2022, Volume: 32 Issue: 3, 487 - 496, 30.09.2022

Solomon Akinyosoye

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1115956

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Phenotypic characterization has been recognized as very important for the identification and selection of promising lines in improvement programs. This study aimed at characterizing and selecting early-maturing and high-yielding African yam bean (AYB) mutant lines at M2 generation. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Nigeria. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nineteen promising AYB M2 mutant lines were selected with their four parents (making 23 lines) and further evaluated for agronomic characters in the field. The results obtained revealed that coefficients of variation ranged from 3.23% (maturity) to 141.81% (seed yield/plant). The M2 mutant lines flowered and matured earlier than their parents and outyielded their parents by 62.64%. The principal component (PC) showed that the first four PCs accounted for 75.54% of the total variation. The first PC accounted for first flowering, 50% flowering, first podding, and 50% podding. The second PC was responsible for pod yield/plant and seed yield/plant, whereas peduncle length and pod length were associated with the third PC, while the fourth PC was responsible for maturity. The breeding lines were delineated into three heterotic groups with cluster I had three lines; members had the highest pod yield/plant (60.22 g), seed yield/plant (27.33 g), and early-maturing. Cluster II consisted of 17 lines with moderate pod yield/plant, seed yield/plant, and longest pod length. Cluster III contained three mutant lines; exhibited the lowest pod yield/plant, seed yield/plant, and longest peduncle. A highly significant association existed between seed yield/plant and pod yield/plant (r = 0.97**), but negatively correlated with first flowering (r=-0.23*) and 50% first flowering (r=-0.24*). Therefore, AYB lines identified could be utilized by plant breeders/geneticists to develop AYB varieties that are early-maturing and high-yielding in improvement programs.

Keywords

African yam bean mutant lines, principal component, seed yield, phenotypic characterization, Pearson correlation

References

• Adewale, B. D., Dumet, D. J., Vroh-Bi, I., Kehinde, O.B., Ojo, D. K., Adegbite, A. E. and Franco, J. 2012. Morphological diversity analysis of African yam bean and prospects for utilization in germplasm conservation and breeding, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 59(5), 927-936. doi:10.1007/s10722-011-9734-1.
• Adewale, B. D., Kehinde, O. B., Odu, B. O., & Dumet, D. J. 2008. The potentials of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst. ex. A. Rich) Harms in Nigeria: character distribution and genetic diversity. In: Smart, J. & Haq, N. (Eds.). New Crops and Uses: Their role in a rapidly changing world. Centre for Underutilised Crops. (pp. 265-276).
• Adewale, B.D. and D.J. Dumet. 2011. Descriptors for African Yam Bean Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst ex. A. Rich.) Harms. Available at: http://old.iita.org/cms/articulefiles/1488-ayb_descriptors
• Adewale, B.D., Dumet, D. J. Vroh-Bi, I., Kehinde, O. B., Ojo, D. K., Adegbite, A.E. and Franco, J. 2012. Morphological diversity analysis of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Harms and prospects for utilization in germplasm conservation and breeding. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 59:927–936
• Akinyosoye, S.T., Adetumbi, J.A and Ukachukwu, P.C. (2021). Impact of sodium azide on maturity, seed and tuber yields in M1 African yam bean [Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst ex A. Rich) Harms] generation. Tropical Agriculture 98(1): 16-27
• Akinyosoye, S.T., Adetumbi, J.A., Amusa, O.D., Agbeleye, O.A., Anjorin, F.B., Olowolafe, M.O. and Omodele, T. 2017. Bivariate analysis of the genetic variability among some accessions of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst Ex A. Rich). Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 109: 493-507.
• Aremu, C.O. and Ibirinde, D.B. 2012. Bio-diversity studies on accessions of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa). International Journal of Agricultural Research 7: 78-85.
• Bado S., Forster B.P., Nielen S., Ghanim A., Lagoda P.J.L., Till B.J. & Laimer M. 2015. Plant mutation breeding: Current progress and future assessment. Plant Breeding Reviews 39: 23-88.
• Duodu, K.G., F.B. and Apea-Bah, 2017. African Legumes: Nutritional and Health-Promoting Attributes. Gluten-free Ancient Grains: Cereals, Pseudocereals, and Legumes: Sustainable, Nutritious, and Health-Promoting Foods for the 21st Century.
• FAO/IAEA, 2017. Mutation Breeding. https://www.iaea.org/topics/mutation-breeding.
• Idehen, E.O., Oyelakin, S.A., Onikola, A.O. and Adedapo, V.O. 2016. Numerical and RAPD Analysis of Eight Cowpea Genotypes from Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Biotechnology 31: 59 –65.
• Kumar, P., Sharma, S.D., Sharma, N.C. and Devi, M. 2015. The path coefficient analysis of yield components for leaf nutrient concentrations in mango (Mangifera indica L.) under rainfed agroclimatic conditions of northwest Himalaya. Sci. Hortic. 190: 31–35.
• Laghari, K. A., Sial, M. A., Arain, M. A., D.Khanzada, S. and Channa, S. A. 2012. Evaluation of stable wheat mutant lines for yield and yield associated traits. Pak. J. Agri., Agril. Engg., Vet. Sci., 28 (2): 124-130;
• Matus, I., Gonzales, M.I., Pozo, A. (1999). Evaluation of phenotypic variation in a Chiean collection of garlic (Allium sativum L.) clones using multivariate analysis. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, 117, 31-34.
• Matyszczak, I., Tominska, M., Zakhrabekova, S., Dockter, C., & Hansson, M. 2020. Analysis of early-flowering genes at barley chromosome 2H expands the repertoire of mutant alleles at the Mat-c locus. Plant cell reports, 39(1), 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-019-02472-4
• Morad, A. A., E. F. EI. Hashash, M. A.Hoger and E. I. Zaaza. 2011. Inheritance of yield and yield components for mutated population using gamma irradiation in some bread wheat cultivars. Agric. Res. J. Suez Canal University, 11 (2): 7-16.
• Nand, N., Adarsh, A., Kumar, A., Akhtar, S., Kumar, R., Kumar Ray, P., 2018. Morphological Characterization of Different Genotypes of Brinjal (Solanum melongena). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 7, 2218–2226. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.701.267
• Oboh, H.A., Muzquiz, M., Burbano, C., Cuadrado, C., Pedrosa, M.M. and Ayet, G. 1998. Anti-nutritional constituents of six MNUGLs grown in Nigeria. Journal of Chromatography. A. 823(1-2): 307-312.
• Ogunbodede, B.A. 1997. Multivariate analysis of genetic diversity in Kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus (L.). African Crop Science Journal 5(2):127-133.
• Ojuederie OB, Balogun MO, Akande SR, Korie S, Omodele T. 2015. Intraspecific variability in agro-morphological traits of African yam bean Sphenostylis stenocarpa. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology 18(2):53-62.
• Ojuederie, O.B., M.O. Balogun, I. Fawole, O.I. David, and M.O. Olowolafe. 2014. Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst ex. A Rich. Harms) Accessions Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Markers. African Journal of Biotechnology 13 (18): 1850–1858.
• Okunlola, G., Idehen E., Adetumbi, J.A., Alake, C., Akinyosoye, S.T. and Amusa, O.D. 2020. Genetic studies of soybean response to storage stress factors. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 116: 23-34.
• Olasoji, J., Akande, S. and Owolade, O. 2011. Genetic variability in seed quality of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hoscht. Ex A. Rich Harms). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(27), 5848-5853.
• Olomitutu, O.E., Abe, A., Oyatomi, O.A., Paliwal, R., Abberton, M.T. 2022. Assessing Intraspecific Variability and Diversity in African Yam Bean Landraces Using Agronomic Traits. Agronomy 12(4):884.
• Onouchi, H., Igeño, M. I., Périlleux, C., Graves, K. and Coupland, G. (2000). Mutagenesis of plants overexpressing CONSTANS demonstrates novel interactions among Arabidopsis flowering-time genes. The Plant cell, 12(6), 885–900.
• Onyeike, E.N. and Omubo-Dede, T.T. 2002. Effect of heat treatment on the proximate composition, energy values, and levels of some toxicants in African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) seed varieties. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 57(3-4): 223-231.
• Popoola, J., Ojuederie, O., Omonhinmin, C. and Adegbite, A. 2019. Neglected and Underutilized Legume Crops: Improvement and Future Prospects. Recent Advances in Grain Crops Research Pp. 1-22.
• Saha, S., Begum, T., Dasgupta, T., 2012. Analysis of Genotypic Diversity in Sesame Based on Morphological and Agronomic Traits, in: Tropentag 2012, Göttingen, Germany. Presented at the Conference on International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development organised by: Georg-August Universität
• Göttingen and University of Kassel-Witzenhausen, p. 4. Saka, J.O., Ajibade, S.R., Adeniyan, O.N., Olowoyo, R.B., Ogunbodede, B.A. 2004. Survey of underutilized grain legume production systems in South-West agricultural zone of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and food production, 6, 93-108.
• Sesay, S., Ojo, D.K., Ariyo, O.J., Meseka, S.K., Fayeun, L.S., Omikunle, A.O. and Oyetunde, A.O. 2017. Correlation and path coefficient analysis of top-cross and three-way cross hybrid maize populations. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 12: 780–789.
• Soetan, K.O., Olaiya, C.O. and Karigidi, K.O. 2018. Comparative in vitro antioxidant activities of six accessions of African yam beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpa L.). Annals. Food Sci. Technol., 19.
• Turner A, Beales J, Faure S, Dunford RP, Laurie DA. 2005. The pseudo-response regulator Ppd-H1 provides adaptation to photoperiod in barley. Science. 310:1031–1034.
• Zannou, A., Kossou, D.K., Ahanchédé, A., Zoundjihékpon, J., Agbicodo, E., Struik, P.C. and Sanni, A., 2008. Genetic variability of cultivated cowpea in Benin assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 7: 8.