Morphological Characterization and Selection in Some Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) Genotypes

Year 2023, Volume: 33 Issue: 4, 665 - 674, 31.12.2023

Ayşe Nur Şavkan , Önder Türkmen

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1332485

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine stage progression and specific plant and fruit characteristics in purposefully created summer squash genotypes. In this study, which was carried out in 2019, 59 squash genotypes were assessed with 24 morphological measurements and observations involving plant and fruit characteristics, and one-generation advancement was achieved. Cluster and PCA were implemented to determine the relationship between genotypes determined at the end of single plant selection. A dendrogram was constructed to assess the morphological similarities between the genotypes. In this respect, four main groups and 12 subgroups were determined in the cluster analysis performed among squash genotypes based on 24 morphological variables, while the 10 PC axis explained 94.3% of the total variation in the PCA. When the variance values of the principal component axis were examined, it was seen that the first principal component axis explained 28.8% of the total variation, the second principal component axis explained 26% of the variation, and the third principal component axis explained 11.2% of the total variation. Principal component analyses revealed that (i) 66% of the qualitative (neck in unripe fruit, curving of the neck in unripe fruit, mottling in unripe fruit, and type of mottling in unripe fruit) variation was explained by the first three components. At the end of the study, the phenotypic diversity that exists in this core collection provides valuable information to improve agronomic traits in the summer squash breeding program.

Keywords

Squash, Genetic resources, Cluster analysis, Morphological characterization

References

• Alkan, B. B. (2011). Çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemlerde biplot tekniği. (PhD), Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
• Aslan, İ., Balkaya, A., Karaağaç, O., Sarıbaş, Ş. & Kurtar, E.S. (2019). Determination of yield components and fruit quality characteristics of promising local winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) cultivar candidates in different locations of Samsun province. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(2), 318-329. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.555451.
• Balkaya, A., Özbakır, M. & Karaağaç, O. (2010). Evaluation of variation and fruit characterization of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata duch.) populations collected from Black Sea Region. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 16(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001117
• Çeti̇n, A. N., Yaşar, A., Sivritepe, H. Ö. & Türkmen, Ö. (2019). Determınatıon of some morphologıcal characterıstıcs of summer squash genotypes. Paper presented at the III. International Eurasıan Agriculture and Natural Sciences Congress, October 17-20, Antalya, Turkey. https://antalya.agrieurasia.com/EN/Announcement-detail/4 .
• FAO, 2021, World pepper production list. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL: [Erişim Tarihi: 16.01. 2023].
• Kanal, A. & Balkaya, A. (2021). The determination of morphological variation level and characterization of Capsicum baccatum populations. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(2), 278-291. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.889523
• Karaağaç, O. & Balkaya, A. (2010). Evaluation of variation and characterization of collected red pepper [Capsicum annuum L.var. conoides (mill.) irish] populations from Bafra plain. Anadolu Journal Agric. Sci., 25(1), 10-20.
• Karaağaç, O. (2006). Bafra kırmızı biber gen kaynaklarının (Capsicum annuum var. conoides mill.) karakterizasyonu ve değerlendirilmesi. (MSc ), Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun, Türkiye.
• Karaağaç, O. (2013). Karadeniz bölgesinden toplanan kestane kabağı (C. maxima duchesna) ve bal kabağı (C. Moschata Duchesne) genotiplerinin karpuza anaçlık potansiyellerinin belirlenmesi. (PhD), Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun, Türkiye.
• Kayak, N. & Türkmen, Ö. (2021). The revealing of morphological variability and characterization of some confectionery pumpkin. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Journal of Agric. Nat., 24(6), 1127-1138. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.865192
• Kesici, S., Aras, V. & Aydın, A. (2004). Yazlık kabak (Cucurbita pepo L.) F1 hibrit çeşit islahında kendilenmiş hatlarla yapılan melezlemelerden elde edilen melezlerin erkenci ve toplam verimleri. Paper presented at the V. Sebze Tarımı Sempozyumu Bildirileri, Eylül 21-24, Çanakkale, Türkiye.
• Kobal Bekar, N., Sağlam, N. & Balkaya, A. (2019). Evaluation of variation of in terms of pod quality and pod traits of some snap bean genotypes. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(1), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.502836.
• Kumar, S., Kıso, A. & Asenla, L. (2022). Genetic variation, heritability, principal component analysis, correlation and path coefficient analysis in the fruit samples of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. genotypes. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(1), 164-174. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1025466.
• Méndez-López, A., Villanueva-Verduzco, C., Sahagún-Castellanos, J., Avitia-García, E., Colinas-León, T., Jamilena-Quesada, M. & Rojas-Martínez, R. I. (2010). Collection, characterization, and grouping of parthenocarpic genotypes of round zucchini pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), revista chapingo. Serie Horticultura, 16(2), 123-131. ISSN 2007-4034
• MINITAB, (2016). Minitab Statistics Software (16.00) for Cluster and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Available at: www.minitab.com (Accessed April 01,2023).
• Nacar, Ç. (2014). Yazlık kabaklarda (Cucurbita pepo L.) morfolojik ve moleküler yöntemlerle heterotik grupların tespit edilmesi ile verim erkencilik ve meyve özelliklerinde heterozis. (PhD), Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana, Türkiye.
• Nacar, Ç., Aras, V., Denli, N. & Keleş, D. (2011). Morphological characterization and determination of relationship among squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) lines. Alatarım, 10(1), 13-18. ISSN 1304-2653
• Özdamar, K. (2004). Paket programlar ile istatiksel veri analizi (Çok Değişkenli Analizler). Kaan Kitabevi. p. 502.
• Paris, H. S. (2001). Characterization of the Cucurbita pepo collection at the Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Israel. Plant Genetic Res. Newsletter, 126, 41-45. ISSN 1020-3362.
• Sarı, N., Tan, A., Yanmaz, R., Yetişir, H., Balkaya, A., Solmaz, I. & Aykas, L. (2008). General status of cucurbit genetic resources in Turkey. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the IXth Eucarpia Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Cucurbitaceae, May 21-24, Avignon, France. https://www.eucarpia.eu/vegetables/436-cucurbitaceae-2008
• Seymen, M. (2010). Çerezlik kabaklarda (Cucurbita pepo L.) tüketici isteklerine uygun genotiplerin seçimi. (MSc), Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya, Türkiye.
• Seymen, M. (2020). Determination of yield and fruit quality of dihaploid pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima duch.) variety candidates in Konya province. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 30(2), 310-316. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.697267.
• Tan, S. (2005). Bitki ıslahında istatistik ve genetik metotlar. Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Yayın No: 121. s.129–145. Menemen/İzmir.
• TÜİK, (2022). Türkiye kabak üretim verileri. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/getkategori?P=tarim-111&dil=1. Erişim Tarihi: 16.01. 2023.
• Türkmen, Ö., Seymen. M., Fidan, S. & Paksoy, M. (2016). Morphological parameters and selection of turkish edible seed pumpkins Cucurbita pepo L. germplasm. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, 10(5), 283-290. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1124461
• UPOV, (2006). Cucurbita pepo L.. Internatıonal Unıon for The Protectıon of New Varıetıes of Plants (Document No:TG/119/3). https://www.upov.int/portal/index.html.en. Accessed Date: 31. Jan. 2023.
• Vural, H., Eşiyok, D. & Duman, İ. (2000). Kültür sebzeleri (Sebze Yetiştirme). İzmir Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi. p. 440. Bornova/İzmir.