Determination of the Biochemical and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Rose Oil (Rosa damascena Mill.) Collected in Different Time Periods

Year 2024, Volume: 34 Issue: 3, 452 - 461, 30.09.2024

Civan Çelik , Ayşe Vildan Pepe

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1439906

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the biochemical and antioxidant enzyme activities of oil of rose petals collected at different time intervals during the day. The results of the present study revealed that significant changes occurred in the biochemical content of the oil of rose petals due to collecting at various intervals in a day. The total phenolic content exhibited a statistically significant increase over the day, reaching a 151.57% increment by 14.00 p.m. compared to the initial level. Similarly, total flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity progressively increased. Proline, known for its versatile roles, including antioxidant defense, increased from 7.43 mg g-1 in the morning to 24.96 mg g-1. Significant temporal changes were observed in antioxidant enzyme activities as well. Catalase (CAT) activity, for instance, increased by 588.22% from 6.00 a.m. to 14.00 p.m., with similar alterations noted in superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD) activities. The results highlight a correlation between flower collection time and biochemical activities, with a noticeable increase in antioxidant enzyme activities as the day progresses. The findings emphasize the importance of considering plant physiology and environmental factors when determining optimal flower collection times. In conclusion, it can be said that the collection time of flowers influences the quality of rose oil and early morning collection may be more suitable.

Keywords

Antioxidant enzyme, CAT, Different time, Flavonoid, Phenolic content (PCA)

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmada etik kurul onay belgesine ihtiyaç yoktur.

References

• Alizadeh, Z., & Fattahi, M. (2021). Essential oil, total phenolic, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids and antioxidant activity of cultivated Damask Rose (Rosa damascena) from Iran: With chemotyping approach concerning morphology and composition. Scientia Horticulturae, 288, 110341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110341
• Babaei, A., Tabaei-Aghdaei, S. R., Khosh-Khui, M., Omidbaigi, R., Naghavi, M. R., Esselink, G. D., & Smulders, M. J. (2007). Microsatellite analysis of Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) accessions from various regions in Iran reveals multiple genotypes. BMC Plant Biology, 7, 1-6. https://doi:10.1186/1471-2229-7-12
• Babu, K.G., Singh, B.S., Joshi, P.J. & Singh, V. (2002). Essential oil composition of Damask Rose (Rosa damascena mill.) disdilled under different pressures and temperatures. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 17, 136-140. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1052
• Başyiğit, M., & Baydar, H. (2017). Effects of different harvesting time on essential oil, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 21(1), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufbed.55736
• Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P., & Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39(1), 205-207
• Baydar, H. (2016). Yağ gülü tarımı ve endüstrisi. Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler Bilimi ve Teknolojisi (Genişletilmiş 5. Baskı). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yayın, (51), 290-325.
• Baydar, H., Erbaş, S., Kıneci, S. & Kazaz, S. (2007). Effect of Tween-20 adding to distillation water on rose oil yield and quality in fresh and fermented flowers of oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) Süleyman Demirel University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 2 (1), 15-20.
• Baydar, H., Kazaz, S., & Erbaş, S. (2013). Morphogenetic, Ontogenetic and diurnal variabilities of turkish oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) Süleyman Demirel University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 8(1), 1-11.
• Beers, R. F., & Sizer, I. W. (1952). A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 195(1), 133-140.
• Constantine, N. G., & Stanley, K. R. (1977). Superoxide dismutases. Plant Physiol, 59(309), 314.
• Çelik, C. (2023). Abiyotik ve biyotik stres koşullarında bitkilerde görev alan antioksidanlar. Kendini Yenileyen Tarım, (pp. 3-26).
• Demir, S., & Başayiğit, L. (2021). The effect of restricted irrigation applications on vegetation index based on UAV multispectral sensing. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(3), 629-643. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.910909
• Dindar, C., Yıldırım, A., & Çelik, C. (2023). The effects of boron applications with different doses on the biochemical properties of myrtle plant (Myrtus communis L.) in in vitro conditions. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28(1), 46-58. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1153620
• Ezhilmathi, K., Singh, V. P., Arora, A., & Sairam, R. K. (2007). Effect of 5-sulfosalicylic acid on antioxidant activity in relation to vase life of Gladiolus cut flowers. Plant Growth Regulation, 51, 99-108. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10725-006-9142-2
• Farajzadeh, E., Valizadeh, M., Shakiba, M., Ghaffari, M., & Moharramnejad, S. (2017). Relationship between antioxidant enzyme activites and agro-physiological traits in sunflower lines under field water deficit stress. Fresenıus Environmental Bulletin, 26(4), 2973-2981.
• Franzen, F. L., Lidório, H. F., & Oliveira, M. S. R. (2018). Edible flower considerations as ingredients in food, medicine and cosmetics. Journal of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(3), 271-273.
• Fu, M., & Mao, L. (2008). In vitro antioxidant activities of five cultivars of daylily flowers from China. Natural Product Research, 22(7), 584-591. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410701592828
• Hamza, R. Z., Al-Malki, N. A., Alharthi, S., Alharthy, S. A., Albogami, B., & El-Megharbel, S. M. (2022). Chemical characterization of Taif Rose (Rosa damascena) methanolic extract and its physiological effect on liver functions, blood indices, antioxidant capacity, and heart vitality against cadmium chloride toxicity. Antioxidants, 11(7), 1229. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071229
• Hatipoğlu, I. H., Ak, B. E., Dikmetaş, B., & Doğan, M. (2022). Investigations of some morphological, pomological, and physiological parameters with mineral content of different Rosa L. taxa grown under greenhouse condition. Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(4). https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1137007
• Hessini, K., Wasli, H., Al-Yasi, H. M., Ali, E. F., Issa, A. A., Hassan, F. A., & Siddique, K. H. (2022). Graded moisture deficit effect on secondary metabolites, antioxidant, and inhibitory enzyme activities in leaf extracts of Rosa damascena Mill. var. trigentipetala. Horticulturae, 8(2), 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020177
• Jajic, I., Sarna, T., & Strzalka, K. (2015). Senescence, stress, and reactive oxygen species. Plants, 4(3), 393-411. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants4030393
• Jiang, T., Jahangir, M. M., Jiang, Z., Lu, X., & vYing, T. (2010). Influence of UV-C treatment on antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity and texture of postharvest shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushrooms during storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 56(3), 209-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.01.011
• Kashefi, B., Tabaei-Aghdaei, S. R., Matinizadeh, M., Mousavi, A., & Jafari, A. (2012). Some physiological and enzymatic characterizations of Damask Rose accessions (Rosa damascena Mill.). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6(2), 283-290.
• Kazaz, S., Erbaş, S., & Baydar, H. (2009). The effects of storage temperature and duration on essential oil content and composition of oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). Journal of Field Crops, 14 (2), 89-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.06.018
• Kazaz, S., Erbaş, S., Baydar, H., Dilmaçünal, T. & Koyuncu, M.A. (2010). Cold storage of oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) flowers. Scientia Horticulturae, 126 (2), 284-290.
• Kumaran, A. (2006). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of an aqueous extract of Coleus aromaticus. Food Chemistry, 97(1), 109-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.032
• Kuşvuran, Ş., Daşgan, H. Y., & Abak K. (2011). Responses of different melon genotypes to drought stress. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21(3), 209-219.
• Lee, Y. H., Choo, C., Watawana, M. I., Jayawardena, N., & Waisundara, V. Y. (2015). An appraisal of eighteen commonly consumed edible plants as functional food based on their antioxidant and starch hydrolase inhibitory activities. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95(14), 2956-2964. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7039
• Macit, M., Aras, A., Güven, E. Ç., & Bakır, S. (2023). Investigating the content and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in roots of Rosa canina L. and Rosa pimpinellifolia L. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 33(2), 163-173. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1231881
• Michalak, M. (2022). Plant-derived antioxidants: Significance in skin health and the ageing process. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(2), 585. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020585
• Misra, A., Sharma, S., Singh, A., & Patra, N.K. (2002). Influence of topographical and edaphic factors on rose. II. Flowering quality and quantity. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 33, 2771- 2780. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120014479
• Nakano, Y., & Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22(5), 867-880. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076232
• Omidi, M., Khandan-Mirkohi, A., Kafi, M., Zamani, Z., Ajdanian, L., & Babaei, M. (2022). Biochemical and molecular responses of Rosa damascena mill. cv. Kashan to salicylic acid under salinity stress. BMC Plant Biology, 22(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-022-03754-y
• Özçelik, H., Yıldırım, B., & Belkıs, M. U. C. A. (2013). The variations of Rosa damascena Mill. in Turkey. Suleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Science, 17(2), 52-60.
• Popović, B. M., Štajner, D., Ždero-Pavlović, R., Tari, I., Csiszár, J., Gallé, Á., Poór, P., Galović, V., Trudić, B., & Orlović, S. (2017). Biochemical response of hybrid black poplar tissue culture (Populus × Canadensis) on water stress. Journal of Plant Research, 130(3), 559-570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-017-0918-
• Saffari, V.R., Khalighi, A., Lesani, H., Babalar, M., &Obermaier, F. (2004). Effects of different plant growth regulators and time of pruning on yield components of Rosa damascena Mill. International Journal of Agriculture And Biology, 6, 1040-1042.
• Selmi, A., Debaya, H., Triki, T., & Ferchichi, A. (2017). Effect of water deficiency on the cellular status and antioxidant defences in anthyllis sericea, a saharian plant. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 49(4), 1231-1237.
• Singleton, V. L., & Rossi, J. A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3), 144-158. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144
• Tiryaki, T., Yıldırım, F., & Çelik, C. (2023). Morphological responses and variation of total chlorophyll and phenolic contents of oil rose (Rosa x damascena Mill.) saplings under water-restricted stress. Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Journal Of Agriculture and Nature, 26(4), 778-787. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.
• Yildirim, A. N., Şan, B., Yildirim, F., Celik, C., Bayar, B., & Karakurt, Y. (2021). Physiological and biochemical responses of almond rootstocks to drought stress. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 45(4), 522-532. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-2010-47
• Yildirim, A. N., Şan, B., Yildirim, F., Çelik, C., Bayar, B., & Karakurt, Y. (2023). Determining the tolerance of selected almond rootstock genotypes to salt stress under in vitro conditions. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 65(2), 299-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00827-y
• Zahedi-Amiri, Z., Taravati, A., & Hejazian, L. B. (2019). Protective effect of Rosa damascena against aluminum chloride-induced oxidative stress. Biological Trace Element Research, 187, 120-127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1348-4
• Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., & Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64(4), 555-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2