Year 2024,
Volume: 34 Issue: 4, 199 - 210
Moralita Chatri
,
Linda Advinda
,
Fıtrıa Oktıana
,
Puja Malona
,
Silvi Lathifah
,
Dwi Hilda Putri
References
- Adegoke, A. A., & Adebayo-Tayo, B. C. (2009). Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial effects of Corchorous olitorius leaf extracts on four bacterial isolates. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3(3), 155-159.
- Agrios, G.N. (2005). Plant Pathology Fifth Edition. New York: United States of America.
- Alewu, B., & Nosiri, C. (2011). Pesticides and Human Health. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/19601.
- Aniszewski, T. (2007). Alkaloid-Secrets of Life. Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52736- 3.50002-7.
- Ardiyani, R. (2006). Usaha Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan Akibat Penggunaan Pestisida Pertanian. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 3(1), 95-106.
- Bereksi, M. S., Hassaïne, H., Bekhechi, C., & Abdelouahid, D. E. (2018). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants extracts commonly used in Algerian traditional medicine against some pathogenic bacteria. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10(3), 507-512.
- Cowan, M. M. (1999). Plant Product as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 14(4), 564-582.
- Chamzurni, T., Rina, S., & Rahel, D. S. (2011). Efektivitas Dosis dan Waktu Aplikasi Trichoderma virens terhadap Serangan Sclerotium rolfsii pada Kedelai. Jurnal Floratek., 6(1), 62-73.
- Chatri, M., Jumjunidang, Zahratul, A., & Febriani D. S. (2022). Aktifitas antifungi dari Ekstrak daun Melastoma malabatrichum terhadap Sclerotium rolfsii dan Fusarium oxysporum. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 10(3), 395-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jat.v10i3.5713. ISSN: 2337-4993.
- Chatri, M., Handayani, D., & Primayani, S.A. (2019). The Effect of Hyptis suaveolens L. Poit. Leaf Extract on The Growth of Sclerotium rolfsii with In Vitro. Proceeding of The Journal of Physics: Conf. Series, 1317(1), 012081.
- Cushnie, T., & Lamb A.J. (2005). Antimicrobial Activity of Flavonoids. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 26, 343-356.
- Dalimunthe, C.I., & Rachmawan, A. (2017). Prospek Pemnafaatan Metabolit Sekunder Tumbuhan sebagai Pestisida Nabati untuk Pengendalian Patogen pada Tanaman Karet. Warta Perkaretan, 36(1), 15-28.
- Dubey, N.K., Srivastava, B., &. Kumar, A. (2008). Current status of plant products as botanical pesticides in storage pest management. Journal of Biopesticides, 1(2), 182-186.
- Egra, S., Mardhiana, M., Rofin, M., Adiwena, M., Jannah, N., Kuspradini, H., & Mitsunaga, T. (2019). Aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak bakau (Rhizophora mucronata) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Ralstonia solanacearum penyebab penyakit layu. Agrovigor: Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 12(1), 26-31.
- Haryati, N. A., Saleh, C., & Erwin, E. (2015). Uji Toksisitas dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Merah Tanaman Pucuk Merah (Syzygium Myrtifolium Walp.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escerichia coli. Jurnal Kimia Mulawarman, 13, 35-40.
- Handoko, A. D., Setyawati, T., & Asrinawati, A. N. (2019). Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli. Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran, 6(1), 57-63.
- Husein, R.A., &. El-Ansarry, A.A. (2018). Plant Secondary Metabolites: The Key Drivers of the Pharmacology Action of Medical Plants. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76139.
- Inci, S., Eren, A., Kirbag, S., & Ozkan, A. I. (2021). Antimicrobial and Antioxidant effect of Ficaria verna Huds. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(2), 277-281.
- Kator, L., Hosea, Z.Y., & Oche, O.D. (2015). Sclerotium rolfsii; Causative organism of southern blight, stem rot, white mold and sclerotia rot disease. Annal of Biological Research, 6(11), 78-89. (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html)
- Khan, Z. S., & Nasreen, S. (2010). Phytochemical Analysis, Antifungal Activity and Mode of Actionof Methanol Extracts from Plants Against Pathogens. Jurnal of Agricultural Technology, 6(4), 793-805.
- Komala, O., & Siwi, F. R. (2020). Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Etanol 50% dan Etanol 96% Daun Pacar Kuku (Lawsonia inermis L.) terhadap Trychophyton mentagrophytes. Ekologia, 19(1), 12-19.
- Krishnaveni, M., Ragina, C., Kalaivani, M., & Krisnakumari, G. (2015). GC-MS Analysis of Phytochemicals in Muntingia calabura L. Antimicrobial Assay. World Journal of Pharmaceutical research, 4(4), 1855-1859.
- Kyoung, S.K., Min, J.Y., & Dickman, M.B. (2008). Oxalic acid is an elicitor of plant programmed cell death during Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum disease development. Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 21(5), 605–612. doi:10.1094 / MPMI -21-5-0605.
- Lutfiyanti, R., Ma’ruf, W. F., & Dewi,. E. N. (2012). Aktivitas Antijamur Senyawa Bioaktif Ekstrak Gelidium latifolium terhadap Candida albicans. Jurnal Pengolahan dan Bioteknologi Hasil Perikanan, 1(1), 1-8.
- Mabrouki, S., Lakhdar. F., Bouhraoua, J., Belarbi. E., Khlifi, S., Benba, J., & Etahiri1, S. (2020). In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Seaweed Extracts Against Sclerotium rolfsii: A Causal Agent of Root Rot Disease on Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 63(2), 90-97.
- Martinius., Suardi, G., & Juita, W. N. (2019). Aktivitas Air Rebusan Daun dari Beberapa Tumbuhan dalam Menekan Pertumbuhan Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Penyebab Busuk Batang pada Tanaman Kacang Tanah secara In Vitro. Journal of Plant Protection, 3(1), 47-55.
- Mazid, M., Khan T.A & Mohammad, F. (2011). Role of secondary metabolites in defence mechanism of plants. Biology and Medicine, 3(2), 232-249.
- Mesnage, R., & Séralini, G.E. (2018). Toxicity of Pesticides on Health and Environment. Front. Public Health. Sec. Environmental health and Exposome, 6, 628. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00268.
- Monazzah, M., Rabiei. Z., & Enferadi, S.T. (2018). The Effect of Oxalic Acid, the Pathogenicity Factor of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum on the Two Susceptible and Moderately Resistant Lines of Sunflower. Iran J Biotechnol, 16(1): e1832. doi: 10.21859/ijb.1832. PMID: 30555843; PMCID: PMC6217266.
- Mori, M., Aoyama. M., Doi, S., Kanetoshi, A., & Hayashi, T. 1997. Antifungal Activity of Bark Extracts of Deciduous Trees. Holzs als Rohund Werkstoff.Spinger-verlag, 55, 130-132.
- Muflikhah, D., Shita, A. D. P., & Astuti. P. (2017). Antibacterial Activity of Cherry Leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) Extract on Porphyromonas Gingivalis Growth. El-Hayah, 6(2), 45-49.
- Mullen, J. (2001). Southern Blight, Southern Stem Blight, White Mold. Plant Healts Instruct. doi.org/10.1094/PHI-I-2001-0104-01
- Mycek, M.J., Harvey, R.A., Champe, P.C., & Fisher, B.D. (2001). Farmakologi Ulasan Bergambar: Obat-obat Antijamur. Edisi 2. Jakarta: Widya Medika.
- Nugroho, C., Mirnia, E., & Cumagun, C. J.R. (2019). Antifungal Activities of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Aqueous Extract Against Sclerotium rolfsii, Causal Agent of Damping-Off on Tomato Seedling. AGRIVITA Journal of Journal of Agricultural Science, 41(1), 149-157.
- Ouoba, P., Ouattara, L., Bonzi, S., Yameogo, J.T., & Somda, I. (2018). Evaluation of Antifungal Activity and Phytotoxity of The Essensial Oil of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Fruits. Agricultural Science Research Journal, 8(4), 92-99.
- Ozakin, S., Taskin, B., & Bostanci, E.I. (2021). Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Actinobacteria Isolated from Rhizosphere of the Local Endemic Plants. Yuzuncu Yil University
- Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(4), 877-885.
- Pelczar, M. J., & Chan, E. C. S (2005). Dasar-Dasar Mikrobiologi. Jakarta: UI Press.
- Prasetyorini, I. (2020) Uji Antifungi Lima Ekstrak Tanaman Sebagai Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Busuk Batang (Sclerotium Rolfsii Sacc.) pada Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogea L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
- Punja, Z.K. 1985. The Biology, Ecology, and Control of Sclerotium rolfsii. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol, 23, 97-127.
- Purba, A. M., Morina, R., & Henni, S. (2020). Sensitivitas Larutan Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) terhadap Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan, 25(2), 116-122.
- Renisheya, J.J.M., Sushna S.L., Jhonson, M.,Janakiraman, N., & Ethal, T.R.J.J. 2012. Bio-efficacy of the leaves extracts of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit against the fish pathogens. International Journal of Life Science & Pharma Research, 2(1), L128-L133.
- Rijayanti, R. P. (2014). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mangga Bacang (Mangifera feotida L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus secara In Vitro. Jurnal Mahasiswa PSPD FK Universitas Tanjungpura, 1(1), 1- 18.
- Ripa, F. A., Haque, M., & Bulbul, I. J. (2010). In-vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of plant Nephelium longan. Pak J. Biol. Sciences, 13(1).
- Salimi, Y.K., Kamarudin, J., Ischak , N.I., & Bialangi, N. (2022). Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Metanol Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Jamb. J. Chem., 4(2), 12-21 p-ISSN: 2656-3665, e-ISSN:2656-6834.
- Sana, N., Shoaib, A., & Javaid, A. (2016). Antifungal Potensial of Leaf Extracts of Leguminous Tress Against Sclerotium rolfsii. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med., 13(5), 54-60.
- Sapara, T., Olivia, U., & Juliatri, W. (2016). Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Porphyromonas giginvalis. Pharmacon Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 5(4), 10-17.
- Setiabudy, R. & Bahry, B. (2007). Farmakologi dan Terapi: Obat Jamur. Edisi 5. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.
- Shukla, A.C., Yadav, R.S., Shahi, S.K., &. Dikshit, A. (2012). Use of plant metabolites as an effective source for the management of post harvest fungal pests: A Review. Current Discovery, 1(1), 33-34.
- Stamati, P.N., Maipas, S., Kotampasi, C., Stamatis, P., & Hens, L. (2016). Chemical Pesticides and Human Health: The Urgent Need for a New Concept in Agriculture. Front. Public Health. Sec. Environmental Health and Exposome, 4(2016). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00148.
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Erratum:
Exploration and Investigation of Antifungal Activity of Plant Leaf Extracts on Growth of Scletorium rolfsii Sacc.
Year 2024,
Volume: 34 Issue: 4, 199 - 210
Moralita Chatri
,
Linda Advinda
,
Fıtrıa Oktıana
,
Puja Malona
,
Silvi Lathifah
,
Dwi Hilda Putri
Erratum Note
Metin içerisinde tablo numaralandırılmasındaki hatalar düzeltilmiştir.
Abstract
Botanical fungicides are fungicides derived from plants that produce chemical compounds that potentially inhibit microbial growth. These fungicides are safe because to its not harmful to humans and the environment. In the present study, the plant materials used often compete with plant materials used for food and medicine such as galangal rhizomes and betel leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to explore materials derived from plants that have not been widely utilized. So the research was conducted to determine the effect of leaf extracts from several plants on the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. the fungus that causes wilt disease in plants and determines the level of antifungal activity. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD). The leaf extracts used were from the plants Muntingia calabura, Terminalia cattapa, Syzygium oleina, Morinda citrifolia, Dimocarpus longan, and Artocarpus altilis with concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 0% as control. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results showed that all treatments used could inhibit the growth of S. rolfsii Sacc because they were significantly different from the control. It was determined that antifungal activity in leaf extracts of M. calabura, T. cattapa, S. oleina, and D. longan was very strong, and also A. altilis had a strong antifungal activity, while M. citifolia had a moderate antifungal activity.
References
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- Agrios, G.N. (2005). Plant Pathology Fifth Edition. New York: United States of America.
- Alewu, B., & Nosiri, C. (2011). Pesticides and Human Health. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/19601.
- Aniszewski, T. (2007). Alkaloid-Secrets of Life. Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52736- 3.50002-7.
- Ardiyani, R. (2006). Usaha Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan Akibat Penggunaan Pestisida Pertanian. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 3(1), 95-106.
- Bereksi, M. S., Hassaïne, H., Bekhechi, C., & Abdelouahid, D. E. (2018). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants extracts commonly used in Algerian traditional medicine against some pathogenic bacteria. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10(3), 507-512.
- Cowan, M. M. (1999). Plant Product as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 14(4), 564-582.
- Chamzurni, T., Rina, S., & Rahel, D. S. (2011). Efektivitas Dosis dan Waktu Aplikasi Trichoderma virens terhadap Serangan Sclerotium rolfsii pada Kedelai. Jurnal Floratek., 6(1), 62-73.
- Chatri, M., Jumjunidang, Zahratul, A., & Febriani D. S. (2022). Aktifitas antifungi dari Ekstrak daun Melastoma malabatrichum terhadap Sclerotium rolfsii dan Fusarium oxysporum. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 10(3), 395-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jat.v10i3.5713. ISSN: 2337-4993.
- Chatri, M., Handayani, D., & Primayani, S.A. (2019). The Effect of Hyptis suaveolens L. Poit. Leaf Extract on The Growth of Sclerotium rolfsii with In Vitro. Proceeding of The Journal of Physics: Conf. Series, 1317(1), 012081.
- Cushnie, T., & Lamb A.J. (2005). Antimicrobial Activity of Flavonoids. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 26, 343-356.
- Dalimunthe, C.I., & Rachmawan, A. (2017). Prospek Pemnafaatan Metabolit Sekunder Tumbuhan sebagai Pestisida Nabati untuk Pengendalian Patogen pada Tanaman Karet. Warta Perkaretan, 36(1), 15-28.
- Dubey, N.K., Srivastava, B., &. Kumar, A. (2008). Current status of plant products as botanical pesticides in storage pest management. Journal of Biopesticides, 1(2), 182-186.
- Egra, S., Mardhiana, M., Rofin, M., Adiwena, M., Jannah, N., Kuspradini, H., & Mitsunaga, T. (2019). Aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak bakau (Rhizophora mucronata) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Ralstonia solanacearum penyebab penyakit layu. Agrovigor: Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 12(1), 26-31.
- Haryati, N. A., Saleh, C., & Erwin, E. (2015). Uji Toksisitas dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Merah Tanaman Pucuk Merah (Syzygium Myrtifolium Walp.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escerichia coli. Jurnal Kimia Mulawarman, 13, 35-40.
- Handoko, A. D., Setyawati, T., & Asrinawati, A. N. (2019). Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli. Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran, 6(1), 57-63.
- Husein, R.A., &. El-Ansarry, A.A. (2018). Plant Secondary Metabolites: The Key Drivers of the Pharmacology Action of Medical Plants. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76139.
- Inci, S., Eren, A., Kirbag, S., & Ozkan, A. I. (2021). Antimicrobial and Antioxidant effect of Ficaria verna Huds. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(2), 277-281.
- Kator, L., Hosea, Z.Y., & Oche, O.D. (2015). Sclerotium rolfsii; Causative organism of southern blight, stem rot, white mold and sclerotia rot disease. Annal of Biological Research, 6(11), 78-89. (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html)
- Khan, Z. S., & Nasreen, S. (2010). Phytochemical Analysis, Antifungal Activity and Mode of Actionof Methanol Extracts from Plants Against Pathogens. Jurnal of Agricultural Technology, 6(4), 793-805.
- Komala, O., & Siwi, F. R. (2020). Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Etanol 50% dan Etanol 96% Daun Pacar Kuku (Lawsonia inermis L.) terhadap Trychophyton mentagrophytes. Ekologia, 19(1), 12-19.
- Krishnaveni, M., Ragina, C., Kalaivani, M., & Krisnakumari, G. (2015). GC-MS Analysis of Phytochemicals in Muntingia calabura L. Antimicrobial Assay. World Journal of Pharmaceutical research, 4(4), 1855-1859.
- Kyoung, S.K., Min, J.Y., & Dickman, M.B. (2008). Oxalic acid is an elicitor of plant programmed cell death during Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum disease development. Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 21(5), 605–612. doi:10.1094 / MPMI -21-5-0605.
- Lutfiyanti, R., Ma’ruf, W. F., & Dewi,. E. N. (2012). Aktivitas Antijamur Senyawa Bioaktif Ekstrak Gelidium latifolium terhadap Candida albicans. Jurnal Pengolahan dan Bioteknologi Hasil Perikanan, 1(1), 1-8.
- Mabrouki, S., Lakhdar. F., Bouhraoua, J., Belarbi. E., Khlifi, S., Benba, J., & Etahiri1, S. (2020). In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Seaweed Extracts Against Sclerotium rolfsii: A Causal Agent of Root Rot Disease on Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 63(2), 90-97.
- Martinius., Suardi, G., & Juita, W. N. (2019). Aktivitas Air Rebusan Daun dari Beberapa Tumbuhan dalam Menekan Pertumbuhan Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Penyebab Busuk Batang pada Tanaman Kacang Tanah secara In Vitro. Journal of Plant Protection, 3(1), 47-55.
- Mazid, M., Khan T.A & Mohammad, F. (2011). Role of secondary metabolites in defence mechanism of plants. Biology and Medicine, 3(2), 232-249.
- Mesnage, R., & Séralini, G.E. (2018). Toxicity of Pesticides on Health and Environment. Front. Public Health. Sec. Environmental health and Exposome, 6, 628. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00268.
- Monazzah, M., Rabiei. Z., & Enferadi, S.T. (2018). The Effect of Oxalic Acid, the Pathogenicity Factor of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum on the Two Susceptible and Moderately Resistant Lines of Sunflower. Iran J Biotechnol, 16(1): e1832. doi: 10.21859/ijb.1832. PMID: 30555843; PMCID: PMC6217266.
- Mori, M., Aoyama. M., Doi, S., Kanetoshi, A., & Hayashi, T. 1997. Antifungal Activity of Bark Extracts of Deciduous Trees. Holzs als Rohund Werkstoff.Spinger-verlag, 55, 130-132.
- Muflikhah, D., Shita, A. D. P., & Astuti. P. (2017). Antibacterial Activity of Cherry Leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) Extract on Porphyromonas Gingivalis Growth. El-Hayah, 6(2), 45-49.
- Mullen, J. (2001). Southern Blight, Southern Stem Blight, White Mold. Plant Healts Instruct. doi.org/10.1094/PHI-I-2001-0104-01
- Mycek, M.J., Harvey, R.A., Champe, P.C., & Fisher, B.D. (2001). Farmakologi Ulasan Bergambar: Obat-obat Antijamur. Edisi 2. Jakarta: Widya Medika.
- Nugroho, C., Mirnia, E., & Cumagun, C. J.R. (2019). Antifungal Activities of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Aqueous Extract Against Sclerotium rolfsii, Causal Agent of Damping-Off on Tomato Seedling. AGRIVITA Journal of Journal of Agricultural Science, 41(1), 149-157.
- Ouoba, P., Ouattara, L., Bonzi, S., Yameogo, J.T., & Somda, I. (2018). Evaluation of Antifungal Activity and Phytotoxity of The Essensial Oil of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Fruits. Agricultural Science Research Journal, 8(4), 92-99.
- Ozakin, S., Taskin, B., & Bostanci, E.I. (2021). Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Actinobacteria Isolated from Rhizosphere of the Local Endemic Plants. Yuzuncu Yil University
- Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(4), 877-885.
- Pelczar, M. J., & Chan, E. C. S (2005). Dasar-Dasar Mikrobiologi. Jakarta: UI Press.
- Prasetyorini, I. (2020) Uji Antifungi Lima Ekstrak Tanaman Sebagai Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Busuk Batang (Sclerotium Rolfsii Sacc.) pada Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogea L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
- Punja, Z.K. 1985. The Biology, Ecology, and Control of Sclerotium rolfsii. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol, 23, 97-127.
- Purba, A. M., Morina, R., & Henni, S. (2020). Sensitivitas Larutan Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) terhadap Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan, 25(2), 116-122.
- Renisheya, J.J.M., Sushna S.L., Jhonson, M.,Janakiraman, N., & Ethal, T.R.J.J. 2012. Bio-efficacy of the leaves extracts of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit against the fish pathogens. International Journal of Life Science & Pharma Research, 2(1), L128-L133.
- Rijayanti, R. P. (2014). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mangga Bacang (Mangifera feotida L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus secara In Vitro. Jurnal Mahasiswa PSPD FK Universitas Tanjungpura, 1(1), 1- 18.
- Ripa, F. A., Haque, M., & Bulbul, I. J. (2010). In-vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of plant Nephelium longan. Pak J. Biol. Sciences, 13(1).
- Salimi, Y.K., Kamarudin, J., Ischak , N.I., & Bialangi, N. (2022). Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Metanol Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Jamb. J. Chem., 4(2), 12-21 p-ISSN: 2656-3665, e-ISSN:2656-6834.
- Sana, N., Shoaib, A., & Javaid, A. (2016). Antifungal Potensial of Leaf Extracts of Leguminous Tress Against Sclerotium rolfsii. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med., 13(5), 54-60.
- Sapara, T., Olivia, U., & Juliatri, W. (2016). Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Porphyromonas giginvalis. Pharmacon Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 5(4), 10-17.
- Setiabudy, R. & Bahry, B. (2007). Farmakologi dan Terapi: Obat Jamur. Edisi 5. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.
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