Role of Multi-Omics in Functional Genomic, Transcriptomic, Proteomic and Metabolic Mechanisms for Milk Production, Growth, Fertility and Health in Livestock Animals
Abstract
The integration of multi-omics technologies has significantly advanced our understanding of functional genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolic mechanisms in livestock animals. These approaches provide a comprehensive framework for exploring the intricate biological processes underlying milk production, growth, fertility, and overall health. By leveraging genomic data, researchers can identify key genetic variants and regulatory elements that influence phenotypic traits. Transcriptomic studies reveal dynamic gene expression patterns, while proteomics and metabolomics offer insights into protein interactions and metabolic pathways that are critical for optimal physiological functions. Integrative multi-omics not only enhances precision breeding strategies but also facilitates the development of tailored nutritional and management practices designed to improve productivity and resilience under diverse environmental conditions. This review highlights recent advancements in multi-omics applications, emphasizing their transformative potential in advancing livestock research and enhancing animal welfare in sustainable agricultural systems.
Keywords
Multi-Omics, Functional Genomic, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, Livestock Animals
References
- Alexandre, P.A., Kogelman, L.J., Santana, M.H., Passarelli, D., Pulz, L.H., Fantinato-Neto, P., . . . Coutinho, L.L. (2015). Liver transcriptomic networks reveal main biological processes associated with feed efficiency in beef cattle. BMC genomics, 16, 1-13.
- Bahlo, C., Dahlhaus, P., Thompson, H., & Trotter, M. (2019). The role of interoperable data standards in precision livestock farming in extensive livestock systems: A review. Computers and electronics in agriculture, 156, 459-466.
- Bernard, L., Bonnet, M., Delavaud, C., Delosiere, M., Ferlay, A., Fougere, H., & Graulet, B. (2018). Milk fat globule in ruminant: Major and minor compounds, nutritional regulation and differences among species. European journal of lipid science and technology, 120(5), 1700039.
- Bhat, S.A., Ahmad, S.M., Ibeagha-Awemu, E.M., Bhat, B.A., Dar, M.A., Mumtaz, P.T., . . . Ganai, N.A. (2019). Comparative transcriptome analysis of mammary epithelial cells at different stages of lactation reveals wide differences in gene expression and pathways regulating milk synthesis between jersey and kashmiri cattle. PLoS One, 14(2), e0211773.
- Bora, S.S., Hazarika, D.J., Gogoi, R., Dullah, S., Gogoi, M., & Barooah, M. (2022). Long-term pruning modulates microbial community structure and their functional potential in tea (camellia sinensis l.) soils. Applied Soil Ecology, 176, 104483.
- Braun, T., & Gautel, M. (2011). Transcriptional mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle differentiation, growth and homeostasis. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 12(6), 349-361.
- Brito, L., Bédère, N., Douhard, F., Oliveira, H., Arnal, M., Peñagaricano, F., . . . Miglior, F. (2021). Genetic selection of high-yielding dairy cattle toward sustainable farming systems in a rapidly changing world. Animal, 15, 100292.
- Choudhary, R.K., Kumar BV, S., Sekhar Mukhopadhyay, C., Kashyap, N., Sharma, V., Singh, N., . . . Singh Malik, Y. (2024). Animal wellness: The power of multiomics and integrative strategies: Multiomics in improving animal health. Veterinary Medicine International, 2024(1), 4125118.
- Chovatiya, R., & Medzhitov, R. (2014). Stress, inflammation, and defense of homeostasis. Molecular cell, 54(2), 281-288.
- Feil, R. (2006). Environmental and nutritional effects on the epigenetic regulation of genes. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 600(1-2), 46-57.